Bellringer

If Democracy were represented by a star, what would the five points stand for?

Using your notes pick the 5 key ideas of democracy.

Draw a picture of the star on the top of your homework.

ObjectivesDistinguish between

Power, Authority and Legitimacy

Discuss the usefulness of typologies and understand the common ways of categorizing and diff erentiating countries.

Understand minimal conditions for democracy as set out in the text.

TODAY WE WILL …

3. NATION/ STATE/ REGIMES & DATA

INTRODUCTION

Power Authority

Constitutional?Legitimacy

Rational/ Legal Common law Code Law

Charismatic

Traditional

Sovereignty: No one else can tell me what to do Supranational

Organizations UN EU NATO WTO OPEC IMF NAFTA African Union ECOWAS

POWER, AUTHORITY, LEGITIMACY, SOVEREIGNTY

Nation – a group of people who share common cultural traits (ethnicity, language, religion)Nationalism - a sense of self identification enabling them to be distinguished from other groups of people

State – a political unit (think “Country”) International recognition of, permanent population,

governing institutions. These political units are separated by legal borders. Every “state” has the right to make laws for the territory

within the boundaries, Sovereign State

NATION VS. STATE

NationsArabsLatino JewsPalestiniansScottishQuebecoisKurdsKoreansProtestants

States IranMexico Israel

UKCanada IraqSouth KoreaUSA

NATION VS. STATE

A political unit that has legal boundaries that is also made of one united nation

Can you think of any that exist?How do you create a nation-state?

ONE language, ONE religion, ONE leader, national pride, symbols, etc.

Fragmentation: Polarization of religion apparent in world politics by the

early 21st century

NATION-STATE?

States are sovereign and have institutions Formal Institutions: Stable, long lasting, turn political ideas into

policy Legislative: makes the laws (see Presidential vs Parliamentary systems) Executive: Carry out the laws of the state

Head of State vs Head of Government Bureaucracy: agencies that generally implement government policy, discretionary power. Military

Judicial: Defend democratic principles of a country, rules constitutionally of laws and decide guilt and innocence of lawbreakers.

Linkage Institutions: connect government to citizens Political Parties Elections Media Interest Groups

Regimes: The Rules that a state sets and follows in exerting its power are referred to collectively as regimes. They endure beyond individual government and leaders.

STATES & REGIMES

Q1: What is the difference between Comparative Government and International Relations?

Centripetal GLOBALIZATION

Forces that tie people of the world together

The integration of social, environmental, economic, and cultural activities of nations

Supranational organizations

CentrifugalFRAGMENTATION

Forces that tear people of the world apart

Separatist movements- loyalties based on ethnicity, language, religion, or cultural identity

Devolution- Scottish independence?

(Q2) GLOBALIZATION? FRAGMENTATION?

“Advanced” democracy – high level of economic development, open elections (Britain, US)

Communist/Post-Communist – system that limits freedoms to divide wealth equally (Russia, China)

Less developed countries (LDC), newly industrializing countries (NIC) – rapid growth, political instability (Mexico, Iran, Nigeria)

(Q5) COMPARATIVE METHODUSED TO BE….THREE WORLD APPROACH:

COLD WAR – 1ST, 2ND, 3RD WORLDS

We will use…Consolidated (liberal) Democracy:

Established and stable democracy. Relatively consistent adherence to the core democratic principles.

Transitional (illiberal) Democracy: Countries that have moved from an authoritarian government to a democratic one.

Authoritarian: power depends on coercive force.

TYPOLOGY WE’LL USE

Causal Theory

If X happens, then Y will result.

Factors :X Independent variable

Outcome: Y Dependent variable

Beware “Causation” vs “Correlation”

Middle Level Theory

Failure of “rational choice theory”, universal claims and case studies

The focus is on institutions, policies or events to find themes

(Q4) COMPARISON THEORIES

There has been some debate as to whether economic growth causes democracy or merely correlates with democracy. What do you think?

Use the terms “correlation” and “causation” in your discussion of the prompt.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

Regime, “System of Government” Patterns of method of access to leaders Characteristics of actors admitted to or excluded from

access to public offi ce Rules in binding policymaking Institutionalization through formalized constitution or

traditionRulers (Government)

People who occupy specialized authority roles and can give legitimate commands to others

Attain Power and are accountable ? How do rulers come to power and what are the practices

that hold them accountable?Change in Regime is a change in the system of

government, Change in Government means a change in the leader.

REGIME VS. RULERS (GOVERNMENT)

REGIME: The rules that a state sets and follows in exerting its power. Institutions and practices.

Democratic

Consolidated/liberal/substantive Transitional/illiberal/procedural

Authoritarian Military Regimes

Communist Regimes Totalitarian Regimes

REGIME TYPES:(POWER, LEGIT, AUTHORITY)

Authoritarian Regimes: A system of rule in which power depends not on popular legitimacy but on the coercive force of the political authorities.

Hence, there are few personal and group freedoms.

Also characterized by near absolute power in the executive branch and few, if any, legislative and judicial controls.

Totalitarian RegimesA polit ical system in which the state attempts to exercise total control over all aspects of public and private l i fe, including the economy, culture, education, and social organizations, through an integrated system of ideological, economic, and polit ical control.

Totalitarian states are said to rely largely on terror as a means to exercise power.

Term has been applied to both communist party-states including Stalinist Russia and Maoist China and fascist regimes such as Nazi Germany.

REGIME TYPES:(POWER, LEGIT, AUTHORITY)

Difference between REGIME CHANGE & CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT

In groups create a poster that explains each of the key points of the article:1. Public Realm & Citizens2. Competition& Elections3. Majority Rule 4. Cooperation & Civil Society5. Representatives6. Principles7. Diff erences in democracies 1-68. Diff erences in democracies 7-119. What Democracy is Not

WHAT DEMOCRACY IS…

Public Realm and Citizens Making collective norms and choices- binding on society backed by state coercion

Liberal : private sector Social-Democratic: public sector

Restrictions of citizenship now open to all native born adults Competition, Elections & Representatives

“Classic”: citizens decisions direct democracies/ consensus Elections manage factions “Electoralism” X elections do not define democracy alone! Representatives: how are they chosen and held accountable for their actions. Larger bureaucracies change # of people who make decisions based on functional

but not territorial constituencies. Majority Rule

Governing body that makes decisions by combining votes of more than half of those eligible and present.

Majority rule to protect minority rights Bill of Rights, federalism, neocorporatism

Civi l Society, Competition & Cooperation Civil Society cooperation and deliberation via autonomous groups, citizens

deliberate among themselves Competition among factions, Range and modes of competition Actors make collective decisions, cooperate to compete

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES

Elected winners will not act in a way to bar competitors for next election

Democracy institutionalizes “normal” limited political uncertainty

Constitutional guarantees of property, privacy and expression

Most eff ective Competition among interest groups Cooperation within civil societies

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES

1. Control is vested in elected offi cials2. Frequent and fair elections3. Suff rage rights include almost all adults4. Right to expression without fear of punishment5. Available alternative sources of information6. Right to form relatively independent associations

or organizations (parties & interest groups)+ offi cials can use powers without pressure from civil society+ self-governing, act independently of other states.

DEMOCRATIC PROCEDURES

Civil Liberties Rule of Law Neutrality of the Judiciary / independence Open Civil Society

Voluntary organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests. Advocacy groups, social networks, media

Civilian Control of the Military Democratic Consolidation: The movement

towards a creation of a stable political system that is supported by all parts of the society.

In a consolidated democracy all institutions and many people participate, so that democracy penetrates political parties, the judiciary and the bureaucracy.

LIBERAL/ CONSOLIDATED DEMOCRACIES

Elections without civil liberties and civil rightsNo independent judiciary

Weak rule of law, accountabilitySmall/ weak civil society

Interest groups Media

Large-scale disenfranchisement, probably on ethnic/ racial grounds

BUT There are regular competitive elections

Candidates may be recruited by parties, restricted by election committees

Political systems similar: constitution, executive, legislative and judicial branches Branches may be fused

WHAT DISTINGUISHES AN ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY?

Read each statement and decide which regime(s) has the characteristic. • Liberal Democracy• I lliberal Democracy• Authoritarian

Describe a change that an illiberal democracy could make to become a liberal democracy.

What does this chart say about democratization?

REGIME ATTRIBUTE GUIDE

ASSIGN COUNTRY DATA

3 - Name three characteristics that are necessary for a democracy.

2 - pieces of data that determine development1 - question Homework:

Kesselman Questions B & Collect Data

CLOSURE