Bellringer

• Download today’s notes: Industrial Revolution• Answer the following question:– What were the main causes of the Industrial

Revolution in Great Britain?

The Industrial Revolution

The Big Idea

The Industrial Revolution created an economy based on factory-made goods, bringing sweeping changes

to Europe and America.

Main Ideas

• During the Industrial Revolution, new machines and methods dramatically changed the ways that goods were produced.

• Industrialization and the factory system brought a new way of life to Europe and America.

Main Idea 1: During the Industrial Revolution, new

machines and methods dramatically changed the ways that goods were produced.

• The 1700 to 1800s was a period of time called the Industrial Revolution.

• New machines in factories could perform work faster than it had been done by hand or in small shops.

• Textile industry was the first to change.– “Flying shuttle” made weaving faster

– “Spinning jenny” made to produce enough thread to keep up with the flying shuttle

– Water-powered loom kept up with thread production

– The steam engine was improved by James Watt and used to power machines

Main Idea 1: During the Industrial Revolution, new

machines and methods dramatically changed the ways that goods were produced.

• Iron was used to make steam-powered machines, so demand for iron grew!– Henry Bessemer invented the “Bessemer process” to convert iron

into steel

• Later Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in America to keep up with British demand for cotton.

• British cotton cloth production increased dramatically!– 1760: imported 2.5 million pounds of cotton

– 1787: imported 22 million pounds of cotton

– 1840: imported 366 million pounds of cotton

Flying Shuttle, 1733

• Invented by John Kay• Sped up weaving

Spinning Jenny, 1764

• Invented by James Hargreaves• Made thread faster to keep up with the flying

shuttle

Water Powered Loom, 1787

• Invented by Edmund Cartwright• Machines powered by water, run by people

Steam Engine, 1782

• Improved by James Watt• Powered machinery

Cotton Gin, 1793

• Invented by Eli Whitney• Cleaned cotton quickly• By 1850s, U.S. produced ¾ of the world’s

cotton!

Bessemer Process, 1856

• Invented by Henry Bessemer• Cheaply converted iron into steel to make

machinery

Communication and Transportation

• Steam engines used in boats and trains• Railroads important to the success of the

Industrial Revolution– Created more jobs– Less expensive transportation = less expensive

goods = more sales = more factories and machines– Ongoing economic growth!

• Telegraph made sending messages quicker

Factory System

• Before industrialization, each good was made individually by hand.

• Factory system: Machines produce large quantities of goods at factories– Funded by individuals – they wanted the

government to stay out of it• Laissez-faire = “let things be” or “hands off”

Connect!

• 1. Name important inventions that changed the textile industry.

• 2. Why did the invention of new machines lead to further inventions?

• 3. How did the factory system and industrialization lead to support for laissez-faire business policies?

Cotton in Alabama• The following description, penned by British visitor Hiram Fuller in 1858,

accurately depicts the integral part that the cotton trade played in the urban development of antebellum Mobile.

Mobile—a pleasant cotton city of some thirtythousand inhabitants—where the people live incotton houses and ride in cotton carriages.They buy cotton, sell cotton, think cotton, eatcotton, and dream cotton. They marry cotton wives,and unto them are born cotton children. Inenumerating the charms of a fair widow, theybegin by saying she makes so many bales ofcotton. It is the great staple—the sum andsubstance of Alabama. It has made Mobile, andall its citizens.