BellringerRead the Quranic verses about commerce :

What trends do you notice in the Quranic verses?Cite two examples from the text to support your conclusion.

Islam spreads

to:South AsiaSoutheast AsiaAfrica

the power of trade

Islam & TradeO you who believe, devour not excessive interest, doubling the sum lent. Fear Allah, that you may really prosper. (Quran)Give just measure & cause no loss to others by fraud. Weigh with scales true & upright. Withhold not things justly due to men.(Quran)Truthfulness leads to righteousness, & righteousness leads to Paradise. Falsehood leads to wickedness, & wickedness leads to Hell. (Hadith)Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver, wheat by wheat - equal for equal, payment being made on the spot. If the species differ, sell as you wish provided that payment is made on the spot. (Hadith)

South/Southeast AsiaChapter 7

InteractionsIslamic society interacted with India & SE Asia very differentlyIndia = military & territorial conflictSE Asia = commerce

Islam spread to practitioners in India & SE Asia through conversion similarly

IndiaAfter Gupta, controlled by regional kingdomsArab & Turkish control gradually increased during periodFrom military raids for revengeTo raids for wealth & spoils of warTo land grabs & formation of Muslim ruled kingdom

IndiaStill, least affected region of Dar al-IslamFlexibility of Hinduism (Bhaktic cults)

Islam gained converts among poor & Buddhists, but mostly diffused Indian cultureArabic numerals

SE AsiaLand of trade & converging influenceLots of contact with India and ChinaComplex cultural mix:Animistic originsClassical exposure to Hinduism & Buddhism

SE AsiaDominated by 3 power zonesKhmer Empire on mainlandvarious kingdoms on JavaSrivijayan Empire on Malay Peninsula & Sumatra

Khmer EmpireCapital @ AngkorBuddhist & Hindu influences

JavaRich volcanic soils & rainforest climateAgriculturally productive (3 rice crops)

Well-positioned for trade of spices

SrivijayanControlled Malacca (most important port) BuddhistLong contact with Muslim merchantsArabs & IndiansMonsoon winds fostered lengthy visits & thus greater cultural exchange

Spread of Islam in SE AsiaFall of Srivijayan dynasty provided an opening for Islamic conversion

Islamic conversion of Malacca created domino effect

Spread of Islam in SE AsiaIslam spread peacefully through:TradeMuslim brotherhood of trustSufisMystical approach to Islam (3rd branch)Allowed for much greater tolerance & local adaptationConversion easier among animistsReason for greater influence than in India

SufismRead the summary of Sufism :1)How does Sufism differ from orthodox Islam?2) Why were Sufis instrumental in spreading Islam to India & SE Asia?3) Cite examples from the poems that would make Sufism attractive to Hindus. Buddhists? Animists?Come, come, whoever who are,Wanderer, worshiper, lover of leaving.It doesnt matter.Ours is a caravan of despair.Come, even if you have broken your vow a thousand times, Come, yet again, come, come.

Overarching Idea

Cultures spread through syncretism?

Blending & AccommodationAs religions spread, they are somewhat forced to accommodate local traditions to gain convertsExample:Christianity & European paganism Halloween, Christmas

Blending & Accommodation in SE Asia?

Indonesian Mosque

Indonesian Mosque

Southeast Asia through Maps

c. 800 CE-Chinese influence seen in Buddhism practice in Vietnam-Indian influence seen in Hinduism on mainland & Buddhism on western islands-outer reaches of SE Asian society still dominated by animism

c. 1000 CE-Islam converts many poor & Buddhists in Bengal through trade, but trade contacts do not yet bring conversion in SE Asia-Srivijayan dynasty spreads Buddhist influence-Java shifts to Hinduism (Prambanan)

c. 1250 CE-Fall of Srivijayan dynasty & control of Malacca opens path for Islamic conversion late in postclassical period, particularly in port cities & among animists

Post-Class: Ch7 Outline*Post-Class: Ch7 Outline*Once the Muslim religion had conquered this city, it spread far and wide among the islands, ports, and trading villages of Southeast Asia

Post-Class: Ch7 Outline*Gede, KenyaPost-Class: Ch7 Outline*Post-Class: Ch7 Outline*-Islam converts many poor & Buddhists in Bengal through trade, but trade contacts do not yet bring conversion in SE Asia-Srivijayan dynasty spreads Buddhist influence-Java shifts to Hinduism (Prambanan)Post-Class: Ch7 Outline*-Fall of Srivijayan dynasty & control of Malacca opens path for Islamic conversion late in postclassical period, particularly in port cities & among animistsPost-Class: Ch7 Outline*