Bell Work: Finish defining the Bell Work: Finish defining the vocabulary from yesterday. vocabulary from yesterday.

1. acquittal2. cross-

examine3. litigant4. Testify5. Appeal6. Defendant7. Subpoena8. venue

9. prosecute10. testimony11. contempt12. evidence13. solicitor14. verdict15. convict16. jury

Background information Background information

1930’s1930’s

1930: First 1930: First computer computer inventedinvented

1930: Famous 1930: Famous BirthsBirthsNeil Armstrong

Sean Connery

Clint Eastwood

Sandra Day O’Connor

Ross Perot

1930: Story of 1930: Story of the Yearthe Year

The Great Depression: 21 million people unemployed. As a result, suicide rates soared and the US expelled 400,000 foreign citizens.

1931: Some 1931: Some inventionsinventions

1931: Famous 1931: Famous BirthsBirthsDan RatherBarbara Walters

James Dean

Toni Morrison

1931: Story of the 1931: Story of the YearYear

Scottsboro Boys Trial: Two white girls accused nine black boys of raping them on a train. Despite the lack of evidence, the boys were convicted.

1932: Inventions1932: Inventions

1932: Famous 1932: Famous BirthsBirthsSylvia Plath

Elizabeth Taylor

John Updike

1932: Story of the 1932: Story of the YearYear

Herbert Hoover sends troops to remove jobless war veterans. The vets wanted money that was promised to them but they did not receive it. As a results, Hoover was not re-elected into office. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the election.

1933: Inventions1933: Inventions

1933: Famous 1933: Famous BirthsBirthsJames Brown

Willie Nelson

Roman Polanski

1933: Story of the 1933: Story of the YearYear

The first 100 days of his Presidency, Roosevelt put forth laws and formed organizations to allow for Labor reform. This eventually helped the US end the Great Depression.

1929-19391929-1939Stock market crash

Didn’t realize the effect it would have

No money to replenish what was borrowed

Many found being broke humiliating.

The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’sThe new concept

of “credit” People were

buying:◦Automobiles◦Appliances◦Clothes

Fun times reigned◦Dancing◦Flappers◦Drinking

Why was this bad?Why was this bad?

Credit system◦People didn’t really have the money they were spending

WWI◦The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need

◦Many of these nations could not pay us back

The Stock MarketThe Stock MarketPeople bought stocks on margins◦If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose

Stocks fall◦Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back

And And then….then….

With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks◦This leads to a huge decline in stocks

◦Stocks were worthless now

People who bought on “margins” now could not pay

Investors were average people that were now broke

Herbert Hoover was president at the start

Philosophy: We’ll make it!

What He Did: Nothing

The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help were coming

Farmers were already feeling the effects◦Prices of crops went down◦Many farms foreclosed

People could not afford luxuries◦Factories shut down◦Businesses went out

Banks could not pay out moneyPeople could not pay their taxes

◦Schools shut down due to lack of fundsMany families became homeless and

had to live in shanties

Many waited in unemployment Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.lines hoping for a job.

People in cities would wait in People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their line for bread to bring to their family.family.

Some families were forced to Some families were forced to relocate because they had no relocate because they had no money.money.

““HoovervilHooverville”le”

Some families were forced to live in shanty towns◦A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots

They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

A drought in the South lead to A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops.dust storms that destroyed crops.

“The Dust Bowl”

The South Was The South Was BuriedBuriedCrops turned to dust=No food to be sent out

Homes buriedFields blown awaySouth in state of emergency

Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

Two Families During the Two Families During the DepressionDepression

A Farm ForeclosureA Farm Foreclosure

Some families tried to make Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts money by selling useful crafts like baskets.like baskets.

*FDR**FDR*When he was

inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million.

Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed

Instated the “New Deal”

Yea! Frankie!

People everywhere were effected by the depression

It wasn’t till President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together that people even saw a glimmer of hope

Major Historical Major Historical Happenings...Happenings...

Jim Crow LawsScottsboro Trials

Recovering from the Great Depression

Racial Injustice

Poor South

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow LawsAfter the American Civil War most states in

the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws.

These laws included segregation in…◦Schools -- Hospitals

◦Theaters -- Water fountains

◦Restaurants

◦Hotels

◦Public transportation

◦Some states forbid inter-racial marriages

These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished till the late 1950’s (even then still not completely).

9 young African-American men (12-20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931

Immediately sentenced to death

Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were dismissed

Started on a train bound for Memphis

Several white men boarded and picked a fight with the black men

Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men. The white men reported the the black men had raped two white girls on the train to authorities

They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.

The trials caused a huge uproar The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black community.amongst the black community.

AKA: Nelle Harper Lee

Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960

TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote

Based the story on her life growing up in Monroeville, Alabama

How to Take How to Take Notes In your Notes In your

Novel- Novel- highlightinghighlighting

KEYS: Don’t highlight whole paragraphs-

only small sections/words

Write notes in the margin to remind you why you highlighted it

Use the inside covers for longer notes

CharactersCharacters

DescriptionsDescriptionsExamples of Indirect and Examples of Indirect and Direct CharacterizationDirect Characterization

Essential Essential Questions/Themes/Golden Questions/Themes/Golden LinesLines

Highlight quotes that stand Highlight quotes that stand out to you!out to you!

Stylistic FeaturesStylistic Features

Figurative LanguageFigurative LanguageImageryImagerySymbolismSymbolism

Vocabulary TermsVocabulary Terms

Highlight the sentence Highlight the sentence andandContext CluesContext Clues

Chapter SummariesChapter Summaries

After you read each chapter, After you read each chapter, write the gist on the page write the gist on the page where it began- above the where it began- above the chapter #chapter #

Gender Bias (Prejudice)Gender Bias (Prejudice)

Women were considered “weak”Women were generally not educated for

occupations outside the homeIn wealthy families, women were expected

to oversee the servants and entertain guests

Men not considered capable of nurturing children

Legal Issues of the 1930’s which Legal Issues of the 1930’s which impact the storyimpact the story

Women given the vote in 1920

Juries were MALE and WHITE

“Fair trial” did not include acceptance of a black man’s word against a white man’s

Prejudice in the novelPrejudice in the novel

RaceGender

HandicapsRich/Poor

AgeReligion

Reading the NovelReading the Novel

Setting is all important –be aware of the “where” and “when” as you begin

Point of View – the novel is shaped by the voice of a young girl who sees the story from a position of naïve acceptance

“Goodness vs. Ignorance (Evil)” is an important theme

Characterization and Characterization and SymbolismSymbolism

More LITERARY ELEMENTS to help you analyze texts that we encounter!

CharacterCharacter

The people or animals or things that are presented in a literary work.

Characters can be human, the can be beast, they can be a machine… as long as they have a role (big or small) within the story, it/he/she can be classified as a character!◦Identify some characters that we have met, or

are starting to meet, so far??

Types of CharactersTypes of Characters

What do you know about the following…?◦Protagonist◦Antagonist◦Round◦Flat◦Static ◦Dynamic

Characters: The Good and The BadCharacters: The Good and The Bad

Protagonist: Typically the main character in a literary work. It is the person who has natural goodness. Think of Cinderella or Snow White.

Antagonist: Can be the main character, however this person is most notable for being the one that opposes the protagonist. Typically the “evil” person. Think of the Wicked Stepmother or Maleficent.

Character CaveatCharacter Caveat

Being the protagonist does NOT always mean that you are the “good guy” or the “main character.” Do not make the assumption that the hero of the story is always the protagonist.

Character TypesCharacter Types

Round characters are convincing, true to life. They have many different and sometimes even contradictory personality traits.

Flat characters are stereotyped, shallow, and often symbolic. They have only one or two personality traits.

Character TypesCharacter Types

Dynamic characters undergo some type of change or development in the story, often because of something that happens to them.

Static characters do not change in the course of the story.

Character Caveat!Character Caveat!

Characters can be MORE than one type of classification, so do not pigeon-hole a character until you are fully sure that you can support your thoughts with support.

You can say that Antonio is round and dynamic: he was fully developed and believable to the reader, but also changed due to several murders that he witnessed.

CharacterizationCharacterization

Characterization is the progression of character from beginning to end of a text. It’s how they are developed and made to be the type of character they are!

You develop character with dialogue, actions, narration, or indirectly with setting and events (like Antonio!)

ConflictConflict

Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story.

Without a conflict there is no plot. There usually is more than one conflict in a poem/story/novel.

There needs to be motivation on the part of the characters in the story to push this fight to the forefront of the novel.

Internal ConflictInternal Conflict

Internal conflict (aka: intrapersonal) is when a single character is struggling to deal with a belief that is being challenged.◦You see this a lot in the movies, the hero has to

have some sort of epiphany to really become a hero.

ExampleExample

Think of Spiderman 2…When Peter Parker starts to wonder if New

York City would be better off without a web-slinging hero, this causes him to

“lose his powers.” By the end of the film, Peter realizes that people believe in hope because of all the good he does… and as such, finally believes that he has a place and a reason to be that cause for hope.

External ConflictExternal Conflict

External conflict is also known as interpersonal conflict.

Occurs in several situations:◦Character vs. character◦Character vs. nature◦Character vs. society

Character versus characterCharacter versus character

Character vs character: the age-old tale of good versus evil

Character versus natureCharacter versus nature

Character vs. nature occurs when a character is put in a struggle against a force of nature

EX: Think of any natural disaster or when Mother Nature (climate, wilderness, space). It’s when we cannot control the opponent (nature) and are forced to deal with a tornado, a hurricane, a typhoon, etc.

Character versus societyCharacter versus society

Character vs. society occurs when a single person has to fight an entire society for their belief.

EX: Think of the X-Men. Though they are heroes, people still fear what they don’t understand (the mutant abilities). This is linked to racist undertones.

Symbolism (review)Symbolism (review)

A symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept larger than itself.

A journey can symbolize life.

Water can represent cleanliness and renewal.

A lion can represent courage.

A red rose can symbolize love.

Color representationColor representation

While this is not overly important right now, colors also act as a symbolic representation.◦Black = secrets, hidden◦White = pure, clear of deceit◦Red = passion, anger◦Purple = royalty◦Green = creativity, jealousy

Symbols in Symbols in TKAM Ticket out the TKAM Ticket out the Door- Share a half sheet and turn Door- Share a half sheet and turn

in!in!

Mockingbirds: yes, the title has a very literal connection to the plot in terms of symbolism! ◦What is a mockingbird? ◦What might it symbolize?

Study for Word Roots Cumulative Study for Word Roots Cumulative Quiz 1-5. You have 5 minutes.Quiz 1-5. You have 5 minutes.

Word Roots 6Word Roots 6