Bell Work

Read “The Making of the Modern Presidency” on page 423 and answer the “Analyzing Primary Sources” on page 423.

Expanding Role of Government

Review

President Obama negotiates a trade agreement with Panama.

President Obama accepts the Democratic Party’s nomination for President.

President Obama proposes a health care law.

What presidential role does each example demonstrate.

Learning Goal

As a result of what we do today, you will be able to explain the reasons for the growth of the government over time through writing and analyzing political cartoons and charts.

President Washington’s CabinetSecretary of State Thomas Jefferson, 1789

Edmund Randolph, 1794

Timothy Pickering, 1795

Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, 1789

Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 1795

Secretary of War Henry Knox, 1789Timothy Pickering,

1795James McHenry,

1796

Attorney General Edmund Randolph, 1789William Bradford,

1794Charles Lee, 1795

President Obama’s CabinetDepartment of State – Hillary ClintonDepartment of the Treasury – Timothy GeithnerDepartment of Defense – Leon PanettaDepartment of Justice – Eric HolderDepartment of the Interior – Ken SalazarDepartment of Agriculture – Tom VilsackDepartment of Commerce – John BrysonDepartment of Labor – Hilda SolisDepartment of Health and Human Services – Kathleen SebeliusDepartment of Housing and Urban Development – Shaun DonovanDepartment of Transportation – Ray LaHoodDepartment of Energy – Stephen ChuDepartment of Education – Arne DuncanDepartment of Veteran’s Affairs – Eric ShinsekiDepartment of Homeland Security – Janet Napolitano

Growth of the Cabinet

Over time, the number of executive departments grew in large part because the workload of the Federal government grew.

The term “department” is reserved for agencies of cabinet rank.

What are some reasons its workload grew?-More complex society-People’s expectations grew

Complexity

In comparison with the Executive Branch as organized by the first Congress, the Executive Branch today has grown larger and more complex.

Think of some ways the Executive Branch is more complex. (Think of issues the government now deals with.)

Why else has the government grown?

In the American federal system, the scope of the national government’s authority grew significantly because of the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Commerce Clause.

-Gives Congress the power to regulate trade between the states. Gibbons v. Ogden

It is an enumerated power.

Implied Powers

Necessary and Proper Clause – “Elastic Clause”

The implied powers in the Constitution show that the writers recognized that the powers of government needed to be able to adapt to change.

Example - 1st Bank of the United StatesMcCullough v. Maryland – Government has an implied

power to establish national banks without states attempting the prevent their existence through taxes.

Federal vs. State Power

The Constitution gave more power to the federal government and less to the states.

-Articles of Confederation gave too much power to the states.

Over time, federal power has increased over state power.

Importance of States

States are often called the “laboratories of democracy”.

-They implement novel social and economic policies.

They try new things that the federal government later adopts.

How does government power change?

One way we can give and take authority away from the government is through the amendment process.

17th Amendment – Direct election of Senators22nd Amendment – 2 term limit for Presidents26th Amendment – Voting age lowered to 18

Amendments

Once an amendment has been added the Constitution, it can only be changed by creating another amendment.

18th Amendment – Prohibition21st Amendment – Repealed prohibition

Growth of Government

Write an opinion paragraph about the following:

Is the growth of government a good thing or a bad thing? Why?

You must consider people’s expectations of the government’s role in their lives, the complexity of society, and new problems our country faces.

Activity

You will be shown a graph on the next slide.

Look at it closely.Write 3 conclusions about the size of the

government from information that you get from the graph.

Activity 2

Take a copy of the Indicator 2 common activity from Mr. Nelson.

Answer the questions. Be prepared to discuss your answers in class.

Activity 3

Read pages 458 to 462 about the budget process.

Write one sentence summarizing each blue subheading.

Does the growth of the budget constitution too much government growth?

Exit Slip

Name 2 reasons for the growth of the government over time.