Bell Work 10/23/13 – 3 min Start a new bell work sheet. Write “Kinetic Theory of Matter” at...
85
Bell Work 10/23/13 – 3 min Start a new bell work sheet. Write “Kinetic Theory of Matter” at the top. 1.Define temperature in your own words. 2.Describe what happens to the water. 3.Why do you think this happens? Guess!
-
Upload
ashlie-newman -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Bell Work 10/23/13 – 3 min Start a new bell work sheet. Write “Kinetic Theory of Matter” at...
Bell Work 10/23/13 – 3 min
Start a new bell work sheet. Write “Kinetic Theory of Matter” at the top.
1. Define temperature in your own words.
2. Describe what happens to the water.
3. Why do you think this happens? Guess!
• Monday– Quiz on Newton’s 3rd Law– Notes on KToM & States
• Tuesday– Notes on phase changes Turn in Newton’s 3rd Law Lab– Preview lab?
• Wednesday– Lab
• Thursday– Notes on heating & cooling curves
• Friday• Notes on specific heat Turn in Lab• Work on study guide
• Monday– Review study guide– Review for quiz
• Tuesday– Quiz
Kinetic Theory of Matter
The 4 states of matter and the phases changes between them.
Today you are going to… take notes and witness awesome demos on the Kinetic Theory of Matter.
So you can… begin to consider matter on a molecular level & explain what temperature is and how it affects matter
You’ll know you’ve got it when…you can • Define: matter, absolute zero, temperature• Explain the Kinetic Theory of Matter• Identify 3 temperature scales and know absolute zero,
melting points, and boiling points of water for each• Explain & give examples of thermal expansion• Identify & describe the 4 states of matter
First…what’s matter?Anything that has mass & volume
OR
Anything exhibiting property of inertia
inertia - resistance to change in motion– more mass = more inertia (harder to move or stop)
What’s mass?
The amount of matter in a substance
OR
A measurement of the amount of inertia in an object
(medicine ball demo)
Next…what’s kinetic mean?
KINETIC means MOVING
Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
Kinetic Theory of Matter• matter is made up of tiny particles called
atoms that are in constant motion unless their temperature is at Absolute Zero– Absolute zero
• the coldest anything could ever be – a theoretical temperature
• Zero thermal energy…atoms are completely still– Superfluid Helium @ -269 oC
Temperature• Temperature – the average kinetic energy
of the molecules in a substance• Measured in degrees Fahrenheit, degrees
Celsius, or Kelvin
Bell Work 1/27/15 – 3 min1. Give the Kinetic Theory of Matter (your
own words or the words we used). Include all 3 parts.
2. If something is getting “hotter”, what is it really happening to it?
Turn in your labs!
• matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms that are in constant motion unless their temperature is at Absolute Zero
Key Temperatures K o C o F
• Water boils
• Hot beverage 77°C 170°F
• Room temp. 21°C 70°F
• Water freezes
• Absolute Zero - 273°C −459.67 °F
What is a state of matter?
• A state of matter is – one of the four principal conditions in which matter
exists– AKA “phase” of matter
• The state of matter is in depends on its temperature.
The four states (phases) of matter are:
• Solid• Liquid• Gas• Plasma
Solids
• Lowest energy• Particles are closest together, so they
have a lower volume and, consequently, are more dense. Densest!
• Particles can only vibrate.• Solids have a definite shape and volume.
Is glass solid?
2 kinds of solids• Crystalline solids – made up of tiny,
repeating geometric shapes– Ex. Sugar, salt, aluminum, steel,
• Amorphous Solids – not made up of crystals, softer (more malleable)– Cross between liquid & solid– wax, plastic, glass
Add a little heat and what happens?
Thermal Expansion – tendency of matter’s volume to increase as temperature increases
Occurs in all states of matter
Demos! bimetal strip & ball & hoop
Put ball in glass of water to cool & what happens??
Add more heat and what do you get??
Liquids
• More energy than solids• Particles are still bound together, but not as tightly.
Therefore, there is an increased volume, so liquids are less dense than solids.*
• Have a definite volume, but does NOT have a definite shape – the particles are too loosely bound
• Liquids are considered to be fluid – Fluid - the inability of the matter to retain it’s own shape.
• Ex?
Add heat and what do you get??
Gases• More energy than liquids• The particles are so energized, that they
break apart from each other. – maximum volume (will fill any container they
are in) – Are compressible! – have a very low density.
• no definite shape or volume due to the lack of attachment of particles.
Gases• Gasses will diffuse.
– Diffusion - spread out & fill room • Gases are considered to be fluid due to
their inability to retain their shape shape.• Ex?
Bell Work 10/25 – 5 minutes K o C o F
1. Water boils at
2. Water freezes at
3. Absolute Zero is
4. When you heat a solid, it _________. If you heat the solid further, it _______, turning into a _______. If you heat it further, it ________, turning into a ______.
5. If you heat it further, it will become so hot that the atoms lose their _________, becoming ions. This state of matter is called _________.
If you add enough heat, what do you get???
Plasma
• highest energy• similar to gases , but particles are so hot (so
energized) that they lose electrons, becoming ions.– Ions are charged particles!
• made up of particles that are completely separated from each other
• Least dense phase of matter• Plasmas are considered to be _______due
their inability to retain their own shape.
Plasma
• Rare on Earth, but most common form of matter in the universe
• Stars are made of plasma.
To sum it all up go to the website listed below:
• http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
Bell Work 2/2
• Turn in your lab!• Get your notes out!• Do # 1- 10 on your study guide
• Missing demo sheets!
______________– a phase change in which a liquid becomes a gas
Boiling – to change from liquid to gas rapidly by heating
______________– phase change in which a gas becomes a liquid.
PHASE CHANGES
_____________– liquid is cooled and becomes a solid
_____________ – solid is heated and becomes a liquid
PHASE CHANGES
Sublimation – solid goes directly to gas
PHASE CHANGES
Deposition – gas goes directly to solid
PHASE CHANGES
Phase Changes of H2O at STP
Water freezes at
Ice melts at
Water boils at
Water condenses at
Bell Work 10/28/13 – 3 min
Get your homework out to be checked!
1. Which has more energy, ice at 0oF or water at 0oC? Explain! (What can particles in one do that particles in the other can’t?)
Lab Notes AheadGraph?
Conservation of Energy
• Energy cannot be created nor destroyed• It can change from one form to another• Energy cannot just disappear!!!
Heating & Cooling Curve LabToday you are going to…create a heating curve for
water & a cooling curve for wax.
So you can…discover what happens when a substance goes through a phase change
You’ll know you’ve got it when…you can • Explain what is happening for each segment
of a temperature vs. time graph
If you were to graph the temperature changes as heat energy is added to a substance, what would it look like?
• What type of graph would you choose? • What would be the independent variable? • What would be the dependent variable?•Make your prediction graph now
•Include both axes and units, but you don’t write numbers on the axes
Lab Procedures Grade (5 pts)• BE CAREFUL• Group behavior affects group lab grade. • Stay in group• Each person actively working the whole time (3 roles)
– Timer/Recorder– Water stirrer– Wax watcher
• Leave wax in the container so you don’t spill it or break the test tube
• Thermometer – don’t touch it to the bottom – Keep it in the water while taking the temperature– While taking temp, don’t take it out or touch sides– Stir constantly
• Timer – runs constantly…DON’T STOP IT!
Lab Procedures Grade (5 pts)• Note on chart when all ice melted & when it starts
to boil• Clean up & start working on graph when finished
– Turn off & unplug hotplate– Leave water on hotplate – Put thermometers away– Put wax back in water bath (thermometer will be stuck in)
• Carry test tube in the containter. DON’T CARRY IT BY THE THERMOMETER
• HW finish graph, will be checked at beginning of class tomorrow– Make it take almost the whole page– Include title– Label both axes and include units
LAB!
• Don’t do the following notes until we do the lab. Specific heat notes at the end are ok though.
Bell Work 10/29/13 – 1 minute
1. What was strange about the temperatures in yesterday’s lab?
Bell Work 10/22/12 – Take your lab & graph out & put it upside-down on your desk.
1. Is the below graph a cooling curve or a heating curve?
2. Identify what is happening to the substance at each graph segment (a,b,c,d,e). (boiling, melting, heating, ect.)
3. W5SAYWoS
Today you are going to…discuss heating & cooling curves, identify their parts, and answer accompanying questions.
So you can…develop an understanding of how the graph relates to what’s actually happening
You’ll know you’ve got it when…you can • Explain what is happening for each segment
of a temperature vs. time graph
Heating curve – shows the effect of adding heat to a substance.
Tem
per
atu
re
Time
Cooling curve – shows the effect of removing heat from a substanceTe
mp
erat
ure
Time
Let’s look at one more heating curve and see if you understand what you are looking at.
Let’s look at one more heating curve and see if you understand what you are looking at.
Let’s look at one more heating curve and see if you understand what you are looking at.
• Endothermic or exothermic?• Is energy absorbed or released during:
– Melting– Evaporation– Sublimation– Condensation– Freezing (hand warmer demo!)– Deposition
• Freezing water w/out heat!
Bell Work 10/24/12 Need heating & cooling curves of other liquids
(mercury)
Students could also determine specific heat on them!
Could do specific heat problems
More on specific heat of metals? Put question on test involving sp heat demo. Add questions about other demos!
What state would alcohol be in at ___o?
Include sublimation and deposition
Look up info on conductors, insulators, and specific heat.
Include heat of vaporization? Which requires more energy, melting or boiling?
Freezing point of mercury
ADD PLASMA TRICKS TO MATTER PPT
Bell Work 10/24/12 1. Is this a heating curve or a cooling curve?
2. Identify the melting point and boiling point
3. What state is it in at point A?
Bell Work 11/1/13 – 3 minHow can you do the following without a refrigerator
or stove/heater?
1. Keep ice-cream cold
2. Keep soup warm
3. Cool soup off
4. Cool solid off quickly
5. Which block will melt ice faster, A or B?
6. Make room temperature object colder quickly
Today you are going to…take notes and see two awesome demos on specific heat, conductors, and insulators.
Review the study guide.
So you can…further understand how various materials respond to being heated.
Be better at controlling the temperature of objects
You’ll know you’ve got it when you can …• explain the concept of specific heat and define
conductors & insulators. • Do well on the test!
Which is warmer?
• Blocks!!!!
SH Demo
SH DemoBonus: Matt runs 3.50 miles. How many feet was
this? Must use the factor label method & have correct sig figs!
Explain what happened in
This demo & why. (c.s.) We heated the center of the
metal and the cheese melted
& fell of each spoke at a
different time.
You have a cooler full of ice water. What’s the temperature? Should you dump the water out?
Specific Heat• The amount of energy required to raise 1
gram of a substance 1 Kelvin.• Determines how fast something heats up
or cools down• Water has a _______ specific heat.
Conductors
Conductor - material which permits energy to flow easily. • Conduct heat & electricity • Have low specific heat.
– (It doesn’t take much energy to raise their temperature.)
• Examples– Metals
Insulators
• Insulators– An insulator is a material which doesn’t permit
energy to flow easily. – Insulators have high specific heats– Examples?
• Air!– Styrofoam– Coffee Mug
Insulators & Conductors
• What are good heat insulators? Conductors?
• How can you keep something cold longer?• How can you cool something off quickly?
STOP
•STOP
Bell Work 10/16/12 – 4 min
Start a new bell work sheet. Write “Kinetic Theory of Matter” at the top.
1. Define matter in your own words.
2. What is matter made of?
3. Define temperature in your own words.
4. W5SAYWoS
ImprovementsStudents could also determine specific heat on them!
Could do specific heat problems
More on specific heat of metals? Put question on test involving sp heat demo. Add questions about other demos!
Include how refrigerators work, article on p.79
Good graph question on 95, #17 # 5-8 p. 97 (generally good questions on this page)
Need heating & cooling curves of other liquids (mercury) (ethylene glycol on p. 95)
What state would alcohol be in at ___o?
Look up info on conductors, insulators, and specific heat.
Include heat of vaporization? Which requires more energy, melting or boiling?
Freezing point of mercury
ADD PLASMA TRICKS TO MATTER PPT
Plasmas conduct electricity and are affected by magnets
Require energy source to exist, heat of sun, electric current, laser, lightning, arc welder,
Compare shape and volume of solids, liquids, and gases is a good question.
Boil water in bell jar & take temperature before and after
Bell Work 10/4 – 2 min
• Which state(s) of matter…
1. densest
2. least dense
3. diffuses
4. No definite shape
5. Has most energy
6. Least energy
7. Most common in solar system
Bell Work 10/6 – 2 min
PHASE CHANGES
1. When a solid turns to a liquid, it’s called ___.
2. When a liquid turns to a solid, it’s called ___.
3. When a liquid turns to a gas, it’s called ___.
4. When a gas turns to a liquid, it’s called ___.
5. What happens to temperature of a substance during a phase change?
Bell Work 10/ 7 – 5 minutes
NEW SHEET, NEW UNIT!!
1. Kinetic means ___.
2. How hard it is to change the motion of something is called ___.
3. What are the two definitions of mass, and which do you like better? Why?
4. Water freezes at ___ K, ___ oC, ___ oF
5. Water boils at ___ K, ___ oC, ___ oF
• If three cats catch three mice in three minutes, how many cats would be needed to catch 100 mice in 100 minutes?
• A team of cats can catch mice at a rate of 1 mouse/minute. How many teams of cats would it take to catch 100 mice in 100 minutes?
Bonus Riddle
Four men sat down to play. They played all night till break of day. They played for gold and not for fun, with separate scores for everyone. When they had come to square accounts, they all had made quite fair amounts. Can you the paradox explain. If no one lost, how all could gain?
Happy 17th Birthday Anissa!
