Bell Work 1. What type of tissue is blood? (epithelial, connective, muscular, or nervous) 2. What...
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Transcript of Bell Work 1. What type of tissue is blood? (epithelial, connective, muscular, or nervous) 2. What...
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Bell Work
• 1. What type of tissue is blood? (epithelial, connective, muscular, or nervous)
• 2. What types of blood cells do we have?
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BLOOD
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Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body
Hematophobia= fear of blood
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Blood and Blood CellsBlood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE
It has two basic components:
CELLS (rbc, wbc, platelets) = 45%
Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc) = 55%
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Hematocrit - volume of blood cells in a sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid is plasma (55%). To determine the percentages, blood is placed in a centrifuge
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Three Types of Blood Cells red blood cells (erythrocytes)white blood cells (leukocytes)platelets (thrombocytes)
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Biconcave discs5 million per cubic millimeterLack nuclei
HEMATOPOEISIS – formation of blood cells (bone marrow)
Liver & Spleen - phagocytosis
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Main Functions of RBCs
Transports oxygen, picks up carbon dioxide
HEMOGLOBIN - molecule that combines with O2 IRON is critical to synthesize hemoglobin
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Oxygen Levels
Oxyhemoglobin = plenty of oxygen; bright red
Deoxyhemoglobin = low in O2, “bluish red”
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Elements Critical to RBC Production
• Folic Acid• Vitamin B12• Iron
Too few RBC = anemia
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS(Leukocytes)
• General function is to protect the body against disease
• There are FIVE different kinds of WBCs
Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm) Neutrophils, Eosinophils, BasophilsAgranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm) Monocytes, Lymphocytes
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Neutrophil (nucleus has several lobes)
Active phagocytes60% of WBC
Present in the pus of wounds
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Basophil Produces Heparin and Histamines
Important in Inflammatory Reaction
1% WBC
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Eosinophil
Mainly attack parasites2% WBC
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Monocyte (larger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleus)
Become macro-phages
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Lymphocyte(nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen)
Defense against invaders
Yield Antibodies30% WBC
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Left: Lymphoctye | Right: Neutrophil
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Platelets (thrombocytes)
Blood clots and vessel repair
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Plasma Proteins
• Albumins – blood pressure• Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma) – transport
lipids and antibodies for immunity• Fibrinogen – important for blood clotting
MAJOR EVENT IN BLOOD CLOTTING =
Fibrinogen converted to FIBRIN
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PLASMA
The liquid portion of blood is 92% water
Also contains nutrients, gases, vitamins (etc) and plasma proteins
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This machine removes the plasma from the blood and returns the RBC’s to the donor.
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HEMOSTASIS
The process of stopping bleedingInvolves the coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage
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1. Blood Vessel Spasm Seratonin = vasoconstrictor 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood coagulationconversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
*thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion
THREE EVENTS IN HEMOSTASIS
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Hemostasis
Blood Clot Formation Animated(Video)
2D animation Medivisual
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COAGULATION - the thickening of blood to form a clot (hematoma)
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THROMBUS – blood clot (abnormal)
EMBOLUS – when the clot moves to another place.
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What is DVT? Video: Deep Vein Thrombosis
What is a Pulmonary Embolism?
Video: Pulmonary Embolism