BELL RINGER:Read Section 2

Handout In your notes...

1. Rank three motives for exploration in terms of how influential you think each was in the Age of Exploration

2. List four of the advances that allowed for easier exploration during this time. Provide an explanation of each advance.

Section 2: Reading Check

1. Motives for exploration... desire to find new trade routes to Asia excitement over the opportunity for new

knowledge chance to earn fame and glory chance for adventure the desire to claim new lands’ riches and

wealth to spread Christianity.

Section 2: Reading Check

2. Advances... Cartography: Improved mapmaking led

to more accurate maps, which helped explorers by making navigation easier.

Ship design: Improved ship design, such as new caravels, improved navigation and the ability to explore along coastlines.

Compass and astrolabe: Improved compass and astrolabe gave more accurate direction and distance measurements, and helped sailors travel more safely on the open seas.

Weapons: Weapons using gunpowder and steel swords gave Europeans a huge military advantage over native peoples.

Chapter 20Section 1

Spain Builds an American Empire

Objective

Analyze the voyages of Columbus and other Spanish explorers and the Spanish colonization of the Americas

Christopher Columbus Genoese Sea Captain

Searching for a new trade route to Asia

Sailed for Spain – August 3, 1492

“Tierra Tierra” October 12, 1492

Los indios

Claims the island for Spain San Salvador

Page 553, Columbus’ journal

“It was my wish to bypass no island without taking possession”

What was the main goal of explorers?

A. To find a trade route around the world

B. To reach the Pacific Ocean

C. To abolish indigenous peoples

D. To find new sources of wealth

A. To find a trade route around the world

B. To reach the Pacific Ocean

C. To abolish indigenous peoples

D. To find new sources of wealth

Christopher Columbus

Interested in finding GOLD

Spanish monarchs funded three more explorations

Spanish Goal: transform Caribbean islands into colonies (lands controlled by another nation)

What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World lead

to?

A. Spanish colonization of Canada

B. Finding trade routes to Asia

C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic

D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia

A. Spanish colonization of Canada

B. Finding trade routes to Asia

C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic

D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Portuguese

Brazil, 1500 – claimed land for Portugal

Amerigo Vespucci

Italian but sailing for Portugal (1501)

Sailed along East Coast of South America

Declared it was a “New World”!

Named “America” in honor of him

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Hijacked a ship

Marched through modern day Panama

1st European to see Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

Spanish funding $$

Started with: 250 men, 5 ships

Sailed around Southern tip of South America (Cape Horn)

Explored Pacific, 1519

Philippines Killed in local civil war

Crew members – 1st to sail around the world

(1522) Ended with: 18 men, 1 ship

What was the significance of

Magellan’s voyage? A. Spanish colonization of Chile

B. First voyage around the globe

C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines

D. First voyage around Cape Horn

What was the significance of

Magellan’s voyage? A. Spanish colonization of Chile

B. First voyage around the globe

C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines

D. First voyage around Cape Horn

Spanish Conquest in Mexico

Hernando Cortes Spanish conquistador (Spanish explorers/conquerors)

Mexico

1st European settlers in America Significantly impacted the

culture in the regions they colonized

Aztec (Tenochtitlan)

Fighting between Spanish and Aztecs...Spanish outnumbered but still defeated Aztecs (1521)

“Disease of the heart that only gold can cure”

How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs in 1521?

1. Superior weaponry

2. help from other natives

3. disease (killed hundreds of thousands)

Interpreting the Map

PAGE 555

Question 1 and 2

Spanish Conquest in Peru

Francisco Pizarro 1532 – conquered the

Incan Empire, Peru

Atahualpa, Incan ruler, had a large army...but met the Spanish unarmed and was captured.

Offered Pizarro loads of gold

Peninsulares – Spanish explorers/settlers in the Americas Mestizo – mixed Spanish and Native population

Encomienda – forced labor of Natives Brazil, 1530, Portugal – sugar plantations

16th Century Spain – richest, most powerful in Europe Increased military

Conquistadors push North

Juan Ponce de Leon

1513

Florida

Francisco Vaquez de Coronado

Explores southwestern North America Arizona, New Mexico,

Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas

Goal: to Christianize

Set up colony in New Mexico – scattered with missionaries, forts, and small ranches Headquarters for

advancing the Catholic Religion

Opposition

Priests spoke out against harsh treatment of natives Encomienda system abolished 1542

Natives resist 1st – against Columbus, St. Croix New Mexico

1680 – Pueblo native forces of 8,000 pushed Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years

New issue: Other Europeans were beginning to colonize

What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World

eventually lead to?

Sparked other European explorers to sail across the Atlantic in search of new lands to claim

Answer the following questions:

1. Reread the primary source on page 553. How might Columbus’s view of the Taino have led the Spanish to think they could take advantage of and impose their will on the natives?

2. Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?