BELL-

RINGER

GRAB A BOOK &

FINISH GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS (DUE TODAY)

8/9 GROUP WORK

1. What similarities exist between these civilizations?

2. What impacts do these civilizations have on our own

culture?

----THIS IS A NOTBOOK ENTRY----

All River Valley Civilizations: (Egypt, Mesopotamia, India

& China)

Geography by rivers, flood/drought problems, long-distance trade,

transportation, agriculture

Religion Polytheistic, temple in center, place in government and seen

as essential, gods: control nature

Technology irrigation, mathematic system, architecture

Laws and Codes laws in some format, tell us about beliefs and values of the

society

Writing and

education

only elite class/$$$, writing in symbols

Cultural practices social class system, cultural diffusion- process new

idea/product spreads from one culture to another

Significant leaders rulers, men, connection to god

8/10 BELL RINGER

What do you know

about

Mesopotamia?

CIVILIZATION

IN

MESOPOTAMIA

TEST QUESTION #2

Describe the development of Mesopotamia.

What were the characteristics (religious,

cultural, economic, and political) of the world’s

first civilization?

GEOGRAPHY

• Known as the “cradle of civilization”

• considered the beginning of ancient times

• lies between Tigris and Euphrates rivers

• Greek for “land between two rivers”

• farmers built irrigation systems that transformed the landscape

• Settlements in Southern Mesopotamia turned into busy cities:

• area called Sumer became the worlds first urban

civilization

1. WHAT ATTRACTED THEM HERE?/

ADVANTAGES?

2. WHAT WERE SOME

DISADVANTAGES TO SETTLING

HERE?

ADVANTAGES= SOIL & TRADE

DISADVANTAGES =

1. FLOOD/DROUGHT

UNPREDICTABILITY

2. NO NATURAL BARRIERS FOR

PROTECTION: DEFENSELESS

3. NATURAL RESOURCES OF

SUMER WERE LIMITED,

HOW DEALT WITH

THESE PROBLEMS?

HOW DEALT WITH

THESE PROBLEMS?1. flood/drought unpredictability

2. no natural barriers for protection: defenseless

3. natural resources of sumer were limited, other necessary materials were scare

HOW DEALT WITH

THESE PROBLEMS?

HINT: ECONOMY

= TRADE

1. irrigation

systems

2. builds walls

3. trade with

neighbors

SUMERIAN

CIVILIZATION

3000-2300BCE

• Each city has a god(des), priest/king

• Proper worship assures prosperity

• Chief temple (ziggurat) = center of city

• People live in fear of gods

RELIGION

• Early religions worshiped many gods, a practice

called = Polytheism

• human- like gods

• priest = originally the most powerful people of

society

• warrior kings would take control

• Sumerians believed their gods lived in statues

housed in temples including large pyramid like

structures called Ziggurats

• priests clothed and fed the god statues daily

ZIGGURATS

• Mesopotamian temples

• largest building in the city

• home for gods

• place of worship and city hall

SUMERIANS

• established the first city-states- a state that

has its own government and consists of a

city and the area around it

• developed earliest form of writing called

Cuneiform

• Scribes (record-keepers) carved symbols

into wet clay tablets that were later dried

• Credited with writing the world’s oldest story:

the Epic of Gilgamesh

CUNEIFORM

• Latin “wedge

shaped”

• Pictograms- words

represented by

symbols

• What purposes

does writing

serve? Why is

Writing necessary

and useful?

SCRIBES

• professional writers

• high social status

• rigorous education

• employee’s:

temples & palaces

• Recording:

• financial

transactions

• legal documents

• literature

EMPIRES IN ANCIENT

MESOPOTAMIA

• Alternations of power in lower Mesopotamia

• 2300-1900 BCE

• Akkadians, Babylonians, Sumerians contend

for dominance

• Hammurabi of Babylon (1793-1750BCE)

conquers all of “Sumer and Akkad”

• extends control north to Assyria

PROBLEMS

• Fertile valley of Mesopotamia

had no natural barriers for

protection = its wealth

attracted many raiders and

conquerors for centuries

• civilizations came and went

amid much warfare

• one of most powerful

civilizations to emerge in

Mesopotamia = Babylon

(1900-500 BCE)

BABYLON

• Hammurabi was an early king of Babylon

• created an empire by bringing much of Mesopotamia under his control

• Empire- a collection of states (countries) controlled by one government

• Hammurabi helped unite Babylonian empire by publishing a set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi

WHY DO WE

NEED

LAWS?8/10 CLOSE

8/11 BELL-

RINGER

HAMMURABI READING – WRITE ANSWERS

IN YOUR NOTEBOOK

HAMMURABI’S LAW

CODE

• 1755-1750 BCE

• earliest written legal code for a

government

• common rules to unite a disparate

realm

• public rules; no secret or divine rules

CODE OF HAMMURABI

• 1772 BCE

• KEY: History’s first known written laws

• 300 laws of the code carved on stone pillars

for all to see

• meant that no one was above the law

• Goals: stable government & good rule

• so that the strong may not oppress the

weak

COMPARE AND

CONTRAST:

CODE OF

HAMMURABI

VS

DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE

PREAMBLE

The stated purposes of Hammurabi’s Code were,

“to bring about the rule of righteousness in the

land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so

that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I

should rule… and enlighten the land, to further the

well-being of mankind… to give the protection of

right to the land, I did right and righteousness in . .

. , and brought about the well-being of the

oppressed.”

DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE PREAMBLE

• a more perfect union

• establish justice

• insure domestic tranquility

• provide for the common defense

• promote the general welfare

• secure the blessings of liberty

REPUTATION

• harsh punishments for perjury were intended to safeguard

people’s representation from false accusers

• family law

• Hammurabi’s code gave fathers unlimited control over their

families

• patriarchal society

• 195 if son strikes his father, his hand shall be hewn off.

• double standard: women were not equal under the law

PROPERTY &

COMMERCE

• Hammurabi’s Code protects property rights

but also contains extensive economic

regulation by the government

• liability

• you are responsible

• for what happens to your property

• for the quality of your work

AN EYE FOR

AN EYE?

DEPENDS

ON WHOSE

EYE

SOCIAL HIERARCHY

• someone’s social class would often

determine the severity of the

punishment

• kings nobles commoners slaves

WALKING

DEBATE

RULES1. CHOSE SIDE

2. WHY?

3. REPORT

If a physician kills a patient or

cuts out a patient's eye when

trying to remove a tumor, the

physicians' hands will be cut off.

The wife and child of a man are his

property. To pay his debts, he may sell

him into slavery for up to three years.

If a man is robbed and the robber is

not caught, the local government will

compensate the victim.

If a man accuses another of

murder and can’t prove it the

accuser will be put to death.

If a commoner strikes a nobleman, the

commoner will be whipped in public.

If a commoner strikes another

commoner, he shall pay a fine equal

to about 30 ounces in silver coins.

If a man strike a free-born woman so

that she lose her unborn child, he

shall pay ten shekels for her loss.

If a man strike a free-born woman so

that she lose her unborn child, he

shall pay ten shekels for her loss.

210. If the woman die, his daughter

shall be put to death.

TO SUM IT UP

• Hammurabi’s Code is known for

• strict penalties

• most involving death and mutilation

• gender and class discrimination

• harsh punishment of perjury

• reputation was important

HAMMURABI’S

CODE:

CIVILIZED OR

UNCIVILIZED?

8/11 HAMMURABI LAW

CODE CLOSE

Read the Hammurabi Law Code handout and write down your answers to the following questions in your notebook:

1. Were the laws appropriate for the time period?

2. How were they fair and unfair?

3. Which people were favored by the laws and which were not?

4. Have societies problems changed or stayed the same?

WORLD-RENOWN

• Babylon later became known for

its:

• hanging gardens

• one of the seven wonders of the

ancient world

• & the decadent life-style of its

people

• “A Babylon” now means a place

of corruption and sin

THE RULE OF LAW

• law codes attempt to establish the RULE OF

LAW by:

• Defining criminal acts

• punishing violators

8/14 BELL-

RINGER

WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT

EGYPT?

NILE RIVER

VALLEY

CIVILIZATION

FOCUS ONDEVELOPMENT

CHARACTERISTICS

*****ACHIEVEMENTS****

TEST= FRIDAY

JOHN GREEN’S

CRASH COURSE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3Wvw6BivVI

GEOGRAPHY

• North Africa

• Nile River/ Egyptian Desert

• Fertile soil

• Yearly floods

• Building resources

• Natural protection from invasion

POLITICSRuled by dynasties (ruling families)

King was called “pharaoh”, (monarchy)

• Controlled army & defended Egypt from invasion

• Owned all the land and made all the laws

Eventually created empires by uniting sections of Egypt

There were even some women pharaohs

(Hatshepsut was the 1st woman ruler in the world) yay women!!

ECONOMY

• The pharaoh controlled the economy

• Nearly everyone was involved in

agriculture

• Some were merchants and

craftsmen

• Trade was prominent throughout the

kingdom and with other civilizations

ECONOMYFarming – basis for economy

• Grew grains, vegetables, dates, flax

• Domesticated sheep, goats, cows, oxen, and donkeys

Evidence shows they traded with other civilizations

• Merchants

• artisans

RELIGION

Polytheistic

Believed in a

specific afterlife

Mummified

bodies

Believed pharaoh

was a “god-king”

Hieroglyphics- carved picture symbols

Pyramids- monument for pharaohs

eternal place of rest

Old, Middle and New Kingdoms: 30

dynasties ruled Egypt

SOCIETYPharaoh was at the center of Egyptian society

Social classes

• Ruling family and nobility (including priests and scribes)

• Farmers, merchants, artisans, warriors

• Peasants & Slaves

Women had some legal rights, but were still considered less than equal to men

INNOVATIONS

Number system based on 10, as well as geometry

Great astronomers

Excellent irrigation systems

Mummification

Hieroglyphic writing

Built huge temples and pyramids

Sphinx, obelisks

Decorated tombs and temples with drawings and hieroglyphics that recorded history and depicted everyday life, as well as the pharaohs and their families

THE ARTS

TIMELINE WORK TIME

• Use your reading

• Label your timeline correctly 3000 BCE- 0 AD

• Focus on Events and People

• Need 13 things on your timeline

• Don’t just list things! EXPLAIN them for full points!!!

8/14 CLOSE

Compare and contrast the Nile River

Valley with Mesopotamia in Circle

Graphic Organizer

8/15 BELL RINGER

PRACTICE ROUND!!!

Just like you would on the test,

Describe to me the development, characteristics and

achievements of the Nile River Valley.

Use complete sentences. Show to the teacher when

completed for full points.

OREINTATION

8/15 PLANET EGYPT

VIDEO GUIDE

1. List 5 facts about the Pharaoh Ramses III.

2. List 2 facts about the battle Ramses III participated in.

3. List 4 facts about Egyptian’s belief in the afterlife.

4. List 5 facts about archeologist’s findings regarding

Egypt.

******USE OF COMPLETE SENTENCES IS REQUIRED******

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44F6G5Ehsls