Bell Ringer # 8 Elements The Periodic Table is made of _________. What is the Atomic Number? What is...
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Bell Ringer # 8 Elements • The Periodic Table is made of _________.
• What is the Atomic Number? • What is the name of the element?• What is the atomic mass?• What is the number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons?
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3D Bohr Model3D Bohr Model Due Date: 9/28 – 1 Test Grade
• You will create a 3D model of an element of your choice with the exception of H, C, and Cl. (up to element 28)
• Must include the following information:– A title for the element– Correct number of protons, electrons, and neutrons– A symbol sheet– Be 3D
• The symbol sheet should have the same set up as the example in the back of the book:– Atomic Number– Symbol– Name of element– Atomic mass
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Van der Waals Forcesa. When molecules are close together a weak attraction b/t
oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.Example is the gecko.
What are some everyday products that demonstrate Van Der Waals Forces?• Glue and cosmetics products
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• How can insects and reptiles walk on water?Their feet have toes with fringes (pom-poms). Every time the lizard slaps its foot down an air pocket forms above their feet preventing
the animal for sinking.
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• Water(H20) and Its Properties
a.70% plus of living organism are made up of water
b. Polar covalent molecule - when the charges are unevenly distributed (this is why water is polar).
Note: The hydrogen's
are bonded to the
oxygen.Tug of war: one big
one small
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• Hydrogen bondinga. The attraction between the hydrogen atom on one water
molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule.
b. cohesion - the ability of water to stick to water (ex. Surface tension - animals walking on water and capillary action - xylem tubes in plants)
c. Adhesion - the ability of water to stick to other materials(graduated cylinder meniscus)
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Properties of Water ExerciseProperties of Water Exercise
• Materials- transparency slip, dropper with water
• As each property is presented, follow the instructions in the bubble
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1. Hydrophobic interaction
• when non-polar molecules cluster together in the presence of a polar substance
• Ex. oil in water- oil is non-polar but water is polar
•Add a drop of oil onto the transparency slip•What do you observe?•Add a drop of water on top of the oil•What do you observe?
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• water can absorb a large amount of heat before vaporizing.
• due to high specific heat ex.
1. stabilizing the earth temp.2. add water to radiator
• High “heat of vaporization” ex. sweating
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3. Cohesion• cohesion - the ability of water to stick to water • ex. Surface tension - animals walking on water
•Add another drop of water somewhere on the transparency slip•What do you observe?•Add another drop on top of that drop•What do you observe?
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4. Adhesionc. adhesion- the ability of water to stick to
other materials(graduated cylinder meniscus)
•Place the tip of the eye dropper into the drop of water•Slowly remove the tip•What do you observe?
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5. Capillary Actiond. capillary action- combination of cohesion
and adhesion (ex. xylem tubes in plants and drinks in straws)
•Place the tip of the eye dropper into the drop of water•Slowly remove the tip•What do you observe?
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• Mixtures, Solutions, and Suspensions.
a. Mixture - a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically.
- Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture gases.
List 3 of your own examples of mixtures:
_____________, _______________, _________________
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There are two types of mixtures involving water.
• Solutions - when ions gradually become dispersed in water.
-Solute - the substance dissolved.
-Solvent - the substance in which
the solute dissolves.• Suspensions - materials that do
not dissolve in water, but are
separated into smaller pieces
that do not settle (blood).
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Match the Structure to its Macromolecule
• Protein
• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Nucleic Acid
A
B
C
D
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ENZYMES2-4
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif
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Chemical reactions need help to get started.
Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started.
http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpghttp://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif
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Remember, proteins can be enzymes and are 3D in shape
• When amino acids come together they form a peptide bond. Multiple bonds are called polypeptide bonds.
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______________ to get a chemical reaction _______________
= ________________________
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
ACTIVATION ENERGY
REACTANTSPRODUCTS
ACTIVATIONENERGY
Energy requiredSTARTED
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Energy In ReactionsEnergy In Reactions
• Exergonic are chemical reactions that release energy occur spontaneously (without prompting)
• Endergonic are chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy.
• Check Your Understanding:Check Your Understanding:
• How would you compare the energy of the products and reactants in the two types of reaction graphs?
• Which type of graph reaction is more likely to be spontaneous?
Energy-Releasing ReactionProducts
Energy-Absorbing Rxn. Energy-Releasing Rxn.
Activation Energy
Products
ReactantsReactants
Products
Activation Energy
EAR-the products have more energy than the reactants. ERR- the products have less energy than the reactants.
An energy releasing reaction
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___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________
Catalysts work by ____________ the___________________________to get a chemical reaction started.
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
DECREASING
CATALYSTS
ACTIVATION ENERGY required
HAPPEN FASTER
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IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL
Once it gets to top . . . it can roll back all by itself
http://www.gifs.net
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CATALYSTS in Living Things
In living systems __________ that
________________to control chemical reactions are called
= _________
Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm
More about this in Chapters 7,8,9 and 12
SEE ANIMATIONof AMYLASE
PROTEINS
act as catalysts
ENZYMES
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PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
PRODUCTSENZYMEUnchanged& Reusable
ENZYME
Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gifArrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next
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Click HERE to learn more about enzymes
ENZYMES _____ like a _______________
to only _________of _________.
Enzymes are ___________ by thereaction and ___________
LOCK AND KEY
REUSABLEUNCHANGED
FIT
ONE KIND SUBSTRATE
http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY
__________ & ______________
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to________ or _________
pH temperature
UNWIND DENATURE
http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg
See a movie
Choose narrated
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Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________
Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html
_______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is ______________ for
maintaining ____________________
HOMEOSTASIS
changes shapeACTIVE SITE
CAN’T BIND SUBSTRATE
IMPORTANT
ENZYME FUNCTION
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Many enzyme NAMES end in _____and the beginning of the name tells what it does
DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA
Protease= breaks down proteins
ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP
-ASE
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MAKE CONNECTIONS
How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its
FUNCTION?
http://www.gb-sports.co.uk/zoggsfinz.jpg http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/misc/construction/hammer-animation.gif
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C. Isotopes1. When atoms of the same element differ in
the # of neutrons they contain (still contain the same # of electrons).
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IsotopesIsotopes
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Symbolic Notation Symbolic Notation (Shorthand): Atomic Symbols(Shorthand): Atomic Symbols
K Element Symbol39
19
Mass number →
Atomic number
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Bell Ringer #16
• Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
a.carbohydrates c. nucleic acidsb. lipids d. proteins• Which of the following is NOT a function of
proteins?a.store and transmit heredityb.help to fight diseasec. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell
processesd.build tissues such as bone and muscle
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OrganicCompounds
include
that consist of
which contain
that consist of that consist of that consist of
which contain which contain which contain
Section 2-3 Concept MapConcept Map
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Sugars and starches
Fats, oils, and waxes
Nucleotides Amino Acids
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
To provide energy Store energy
Function is Used forFunction isFunction is
Stores genetic information
Cell structure And
Reaction rates
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Bellringer #17
• How many electrons are found in each layer of the electron cloud? (energy levels)
• How do you determine the number of neutrons in an element?
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Organic Compound Activity
• Label the outside folds with Organic Compound names.
• Include all information from Concept Map
• At least 2 examples of each. Draw pictures
• For Proteins include the general structure of an amino acid (label) and 1 other example.
• For Carbohydrates include the ratio.