Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer Pull out Ch 18 reading notes and GRAPES chart.

Hand in Quiz Correction (in the back of the room) Agenda Bell ringer Finish Frame activity (discussion) Notes Homework Taboo Cards: Enlightenment, Reformation, Absolute Monarchs Timeline: Western EuropeTimeline: South America Objectives 4.1 Describe the unifying themes of the Early Modern Period 4.2 Summarize the impact of cultural changes in the West, including the renaissance and Reformation 4.3 Explain the causes and impacts of the Age of Exploration and the expansion of early European colonial empires4.4 Describe the global trade process known as the Columbian Exchange 4.4 Summarize the impact of cultural changes in the West, including the renaissance and Reformation

http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/5/89Xv4mV1BIs The Renaissance!What?Why Italy?Urban, commercial, competitiveRenaissance spirit: HumanismRenaissance rebirth of European culture. Rediscover Greek and Roman achievementschanged the spirit of European culture, beginning in Italy. In the 15th century, Italian city-states were uniquely urban, commercial, and competitiveHumanismFocus on mankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor. Merchants could be more profit-seeking, governments to act for well-being and become more administrative (start to look like countries)Renaissance = innovation

7Renaissance People MichelangeloLeonardo da VinciShakespeareErasmus

PeopleMichelangelo famous painterLeonardo da Vinci famous inventor and stuff (Renaissance Man)Shakespeare famous writerErasmus original humanist poet

8Renaissance Effects How does the RenaissanceMake Europe different from other places?Prepare Europe for exploration?

Effects - How does the RenaissanceMake Europe different from other places?Spirit of innovation is uniqueFocus on people and making the world better is uniquePrepare Europe for exploration?Leads to sciencePrepares people to take risksPrepares governments to seek improvements for the people

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http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/5/89Xv4mV1BIs ReformationMajor complaintsIndulgencesUsuryMajor changesProtestant religionsSecularismEnd of (Western) Christian unity

ReformationIndulgences purchasing forgiveness from sins from the churchUsury charging interest rates for profit, Reformation made it not a sinChangesProtestant religions reforms made to the Catholic church in the 16th centurySecularism focus on world rather than religious; weakens power of the church, German princes especially use it to take power away from Holy Roman Emperor and PopeMoneymaking now can lend money for interest, which makes profits and more investment available for business.Faith alone, not faith and good works dont have to live like a monk to go to heaven

12GOOOOOD /Afternoon Place your timelines and Taboo cards in the back. Pick up a SPICE chart and if you want a guided readingPull out your notes from last class

Homework Chapter 19 and SPICE chartReformation PeopleLutherCalvinHenry VIIIElizabeth IGutenberg

Reformation peopleLuther OG protester Calvin invented predestination Henry VIII creates Anglican Church because he wants to divorceElizabeth I solidifies Protestant rule of EnglandGutenberg the printing press

15http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/27/7e2bA3tTYow Religious Wars England vs. SpainWithin FranceThirty Years War

Religious WarsEngland vs. SpainCatholic Spain vs. Protestant England. Spain is the defender of the Catholic religion.Drake, Spanish ArmadaWithin FranceConflicts between Catholics and various protestantsEdict of Nantes agrees to tolerance after warsThirty Years WarGermany still very feudal, each prince chose a religion to followThen they fought over it, with everyone else jumping in (France, Austria, Italy, Pope, Sweden, Spain)Ends with Peace of Westphalia, which establishes concept of sovereigntyMajor upheavalsReligious pluralismKings/princes gain powerDissent representation in England, NetherlandsSpain declines, England/France/Netherlands stronger

174.2 Explain the causes and impacts of the Age of Exploration and the expansion of early European colonial empires

European Expansion

Exploration. Why?DemandFearThe Three GsMercantilismTechnology

Why Europeans began exploringDemandWanted products from Asia, but didnt want to trade with Muslims and lost land trade routes when Mongols collapsedEspecially interested in spices, so seek sea route to the IndiesFearAfraid of the scary Muslims nearbyThe Three GsGod wanted to spread ChristianityGold wanted to profitGlory fame, excitement, etc.Mercantilism economic system where a country tries to collect gold/silver and be self-sufficient, leads to a drive for more nationally-controlled trade and for colonies to exploit as resource providers and markets for goodsTechnologybetter ships, compass, maps, cannons military advantageVocab:Mercantilism economic system emphasizing self-sufficiency, hoarding of gold and silver, export but dont import

21European Explorers

Colonial Empires

Effects on EuropeColonial rivalries warMore manufacturing, commercial activityGovernments gain from taxes

Most gain put back into colonization!Effects on EuropeColonial rivalries warMercantilism creates conflict because trade (with rivals) is badFights that start in one spot spread across the globeGives more justification to take over more land (especially Britain and France in India)More manufacturing, commercial activityMore resources in and markets out, so more stuff is madeCauses importation of food from Eastern EuropePeriphery?Governments gain from taxesMost gain put back into colonization!Vicious cycle for natives across the world

24Effects on the WorldColonization International exchangeNew world economyEarly Colonial EmpiresThe AmericasNew SpainBrazilNew England and New FranceEarly colonial empiresThe AmericasNew Spaincolonized the West Indies and Central America after conquering the Aztecs and IncaEarly colonies just sought to take tribute, later became official systems with missionaries and governmentsBrazil (Portugal) - Sugar growing, first plantation economyNew England and New France religious refugees settled, governments encouraged settlersprofits and interest was much lower, but cotton and tobacco and sugar became important crops. Lots of slave labor.North American colonies were much more like Europe than Latin American colonies, developing assemblies and political theory, its own merchant class. Did not intermix as much with Native Americans

26Early Colonial EmpiresAfrica CoastalCape ColonyAsiaPhilippinesIndiaAfrica Coastal not seeking territory, just bases for shipsHard to live there, natives and climate not friendlyCape Colony - Dutch found colony, settlers expand northAsiaPhilippines Spanish colony, one of few places Christianity spreads in AsiaIndiaBritain and France will fight over it towards end of unit

274.3 Describe the global trade process known as the Columbian Exchange

Columbian ExchangeAmericasEuropeAfricaSlavesTextiles, rum, manufactured goodsSugar, tobacco, cottonTRIANGLE TRADE!Changes in AmericaDisease and depopulationPastoralism cattleChanges in warfare horses (and guns)Changes in AmericaDisease and depopulation smallpox especially, maybe 80% of Americans diePastoralism cattle allows new ways of life, much more food productionChanges in warfare horses (and guns) new weapons dominate warfare between American societies (in North America)

31Changes in AfricaSlave tradeGunpowder

Changes in AfricaSlave trade depopulation, warfare, cultural shifts (a later chapter)Gunpowder changes who can dominate tribal wars

32Changes in EuropeControlled trade, got richPopulation explosionPotatoes

Changes in EuropeControlled trade, got richPopulation explosion Potatoes huge increase in population, major staple crop; little land grows many calories

33New World EconomyEuropeans dominate trade routesIncreased exchangesIncreased exploitationLabor systemsGlobal economicsCore and peripheryIf America is the periphery, who is the core?New World EconomyEuropeans dominate trade routes not every trade route, but have a hand everywhere. Special privileges granted in places like China, fight for piece of trade in Indian OceanIncreased exchanges animals, plants, and diseases trade hemispheres. Cultures to followIncreased exploitationLabor systems coercive labor and slavery in the New WorldGlobal economics Americas and Africa become resource suppliers (raw materials, labor) for EuropeCore and peripheryIf America is the periphery, who is the core? Clearly, Europe dominates America and Africa. But most European silver goes to China to pay for luxury goods in the east. China exports a ton, imports littlewho is the core?

34Neutral PartiesSelf-isolationJapan, ChinaInternally focusedIndia (Mughals), Ottomans, SafavidsToo remoteRussia, African interiorNeutral partiesSelf-isolationJapan, ChinaInternally focusedIndia (Mughals), Ottomans, SafavidsToo remoteRussia, African interiorTerms:Triangle Trade another term for Columbian Exchange between Africa, Americas, EuropeIndigenous native to a land or region (especially before an intrusion)Colony far away territory under direct control of a country

35BellringerFill out the Van diagram Use your notes Happy New Years

Objectives Identify the major changes and figures in the Scientific Revolution.Explain the meaning and impact of the Enlightenment.Describe the political development of Early Modern Europe, especially Absolutism.Describe European colonial systems established in Latin America.Describe the effects of colonization on American Indian societies.Compare the colonial administration in the various New World empires, and between New World regionsAgenda Bell ringer Lecture Reading activity Change in HomeworkYou will only need to do ONE of the remaining timelines. The timeline will be DUE the day of your MIDTERM exam

HomeworkChapter 20 Comparative outline Scientific RevolutionMajor intellectual changeMajor cultural changeMajor scientific changeScientific RevolutionMajor intellectual change science and rationalism triumph over religion and superstition Science became important again dominates religionLife could be tested, scientific method; rational universeMajor cultural changeInstitutes (universities) allow people to gatherScientific knowledge is disseminatedCreates expectation of progressMajor scientific changeNew instruments (microscope, telescope) made this possible as wellScientific method

41Major PeopleCopernicusKeplerGalileoIsaac NewtonWilliam HarveyImportant PeopleNicolaus Copernicus planets move around the sun, sometimes credited with rationalismJohannes Kepler tested laws of planetary motionGalileo Galilei invent telescope, astronomy and physicsIsaac Newton gravity, calculus, laws of motion in physicsWilliam Harvey physician, describe flow of blood42EnlightenmentApply the scientific revolution to societyNew views on:ReasonSociety and progressGovernment and libertySecular and humanist outlookIndividualism Apply the scientific revolution to society find rules and test hypotheses about societyNew views on:Reason it is good, church should not be final word on everything, can discover truth about the world through logicSociety and progress progress is possible and inevitable, humans are improvable if people are free, society has natural rulesGovernment and liberty government should be improved, based on protecting and ensuring rights Secular and humanist outlookIndividualism focus on what people can do, people are good, have rights

43Types of GovernmentsAbsolute MonarchyAbsolutismDivine rightParliamentary MonarchyParliament Absolute MonarchyAbsolutism theory that the king should be in control of absolutely everything, total unquestioned powerDivine right theory that the kings control is sanctioned by and through godParliamentary Monarchy shared power between parliament and kingParliament representative bodyExamplesAbsolutistsSpainFrancePrussiaRussiaParliamentaryEnglandNetherlands

44Types of GovernmentsAbsolutistFranceSpainPrussiaRussiaParliamentaryEnglandNetherlandsLatin AmericaColonial VocabularyEncomiendaPlantationHaciendaGalleonViceroyPeninsulares, Creoles, mestizosVocabEncomienda grant of control of Indians to a European (Spaniard). Protect and civilize, could use labor/tax as they wantedPlantation large land area used for growing cash crop, often worked by coercive laborHacienda local estate that grew for local consumersGalleon new, large, armored ships that Spain sailed in convoys to import from AmericasViceroy title of the crowns representative in the New WorldPeninsulares (Europeans born in Spain, top class), Creoles (Europeans born in the New World, below peninsulares), mestizos (mixed European and Indian, middle class above pure natives or anyone with African blood)

47European SystemsRole of the PopeTreaty of TordesillasSpainMini-SpainNew elitesPortugalPorts and plantationsMore exploitativeEuropean SystemsRole of the Pope grants land to Spanish and Portuguese monarchs to spread Christianity and civilization, justification for most actions (de las Casas)Treaty of Tordesillas divides land between Portugal and Spain, papal grantSpainMini-Spain First, conquest of Americas just like reconquest of SpainShift to settlement missionaries and slave tradeset up Spanish-style cities, institutions including the church, rule from AmericaNew elitesCommoners came to America to be the new eliteFirst sought to control natives (encomiendas), then to control land and slaves (plantations) crown outlawed encomiendas to check growing local powerPortugalPorts and plantations centered around coastal areas in Brazil, clear land and grow stuff, sell back to EuropeMore exploitative Political - no new culture, more control from Europe, Labor - more slavery

48Effects on IndiansDestructionLivestock replace peopleChange in religious beliefsSerfdomSelective adaptationNew social classesDestructionLivestock replace people 90% of people eliminated, homelands taken over, societies disruptedChange in religious beliefs Christians outlaw existing beliefs and missionaries spread Christianity Serfdom little slavery (outlawed, but also they died), but taxes and labor tribute made them serfsDestroyed the local communities by disrupting their traditional labor patterns, people left villages rather than pay the tax and labor demandsSelective adaptation New World foods have huge impact in Europe, but not a lot of impact of Old World foods.Some technologies (guns) adopted, animals flourishedNew social classesPeninsulares, Creoles, mestizos, mulattos

49Europe in 1650

Bourbon MonarchyFamily of kings in France and later SpainCatholicsWon the religious wars in France, caused more wars when they took over SpainHapsburg MonarchyFamily of kings in Spain, Austria, Netherlands, and parts of GermanyControlled Holy Roman Empire (and more, or less)

1517 Protestant Reformation1598Edict of Nantes1588Spanish Armada1558-1603Elizabeth I1509-1547Henry VIII1533-1584Ivan the Terrible1618-1648Thirty Years War1643-1715Louis XIV1624-1642Cardinal Richelieu1682-1725Peter the Great1701-1714War of Spanish SuccessionRUSSIAFRANCEEuropean Rulers and Wars1556-1598Philip II of SpainENGLAND1642-1651English Civil War1689Glorious RevolutionSPAINA Brief History of the NetherlandsControlled by SpainGot angry at Philip II for raising taxes and being mean to ProtestantsWilliam of Orange became leader of revoltNorthern provinces became the Netherlands, Protestant and independentSouthern provinces were Catholic and controlled by Spain (now called Belgium) United Provinces of Netherlands were a republic, built huge trade empireWilliam of Orange became king of England and fought against Bourbons (France)War of Spanish Succession transfers Spanish Netherlands to Austrian HapsburgsBellringer Pull out your packet from last class. You have the first 20mins to complete it.Agenda BellringerLecture Web organizer

Objectives Describe the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africans.Identify characteristics of African societies in the Early Modern Period. Examine the effects of the African Diaspora.

Homework Chapter 21 Tri-Split Grapes chart Taboo cards Muslim Empires

Continue working on Timeline Slave TradeNot new, anywhereContinuityLike gold tradeExisting patternsOld conflictsChange MoreMore menNot new, anywhere slavery existed in all societies, including Africa. Not much in Middle Ages, but present where Christians interacted with othersPlenty of slavery in Africa, due to war and conquest and tradeIdea of slavery almost never questioned; characteristics could differContinuityExisting patterns slave trade is already thereOld conflicts African tribes that fought each other already encouraged to fight more by Europeans and availability of tradeLike gold trade people who live between resource and markets dominate (Ghana and Songhai between the gold and the trade routes; early modern groups between the European coastal areas and the weak groups in the interior)Change More greatly expands the number of slaves and speed they are takenMore men instead of taking entire villages as slaves, now raids are for slaves, mainly the men needed for laborChanges demographics: fewer men, but women just moved around AfricaNot population loss (women stay, new foods imported) but less growth than should have been

59Early Modern AfricaBefore Europeans arriveCivilized if not advanced or organizedAfter Europeans arrivePortuguese colonizationCentralization around slave tradeDevelopments and innovationBefore Europeans arriveCivilized if not advanced or organized agricultural areas, cities, economies, languages and cultures, governments. Just dont always look European, especially in religion and dressAfter Europeans arrivePortuguese colonization begin to set up trade forts, dominate locals with their guns, and missionaries arrive (but no plantations set up in West Africa). Stay close to the coastCentralization around slave trade groups that trade with Europeans get guns, set up large organized states like European empiresDevelopments and innovation new political systems (some like absolutism, some like parliamentary systems), arts, architecture, weaving, etc.

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Asante and DahomeyLarge states in west AfricaAsanteControlled gold and slave trade in Gold CoastDahomeyConquered neighbors with guns and exported slavesAsante and DahomeyLarge states in west AfricaAsanteControlled gold and slave trade in Gold CoastVillages of an ethnic group joined together, leader gained power and united clans, military reforms allowed conquestDahomey Conquered neighbors with guns and exported slaves Kings ruled their people until guns allowed autocratic regime to come to power, conquer neighbors and the coastal area, traded with Europeans

62African DiasporaSpread of people spread of cultureCultural blendingChristianity Continuities old patternsChangesNew hierarchies: CreolesAfrican Diaspora (when people are forced to leave their homelands and spread around the world)Spread of people spread of cultureDuh, cultural diffusionCultural blendings hard to take much culture with them because families, clans were split up, slaves moved frequently, and many more men than womenChristianity important ideas brought with the Africans, which blend with the new religion they were (often) forced to convert to syncretism Continuities old patternsEthnic conflicts did not go away, sometimes used by slave ownersWhen political or religious leaders were enslaved, they still maintained some authorityChanges New hierarchies slaves just like Europeans created social class divisionsCreoles and mulattos, but in reverse: they had more opportunity than African-born

63Activity Working with your partner create a web organizer that illiterates the causes and effects of the grow of international trade in Period 4.

Use your notes to create your web organizer

Guide Lines Include the following (but not limited too) Causes of European expansion through new technologies but also political and social changes At least one historical event for each cause and effectCauses and effect of the Columbian exchange, triangular trade, increase in slavery and Latin America