Bell Ringer

• Explain what the Line of Demarcation is.

This Day in History

September 3, 1777- The American flag is flown for the first time in battle.

September 3, 1783- The Treaty of Paris is signed.

September 3, 1939- Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.

BEGINNING OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE

CONQUEST OF THE AZTECS

• In 1519 Conquistador Hernan Cortes left Cuba to sail to present-day Mexico because he had heard rumors of the wealthy Aztec empire.

• Cortes wanted the Aztec wealth as well as to convert the Aztecs to Christianity.

• Despite being vastly outnumbered by the Aztec the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztecs and wipe out their entire culture with the help of smallpox.

CONQUEST OF THE INCAS

• In 1531 Conquistador Francisco Pizarro began conquering cities in the Inca Empire.

• Pizarro only had a little less than 400 men but their superior weapons and the diseases they carried destroyed the Incas.

• By 1533 the Spanish had conquered the Incas with the help of Native American allies that were enemies of the Incas.

Spanish Settlements

• Spain began encouraging people to settle in New Spain. Jews, Muslims, and non-Christians were forbidden.

• Spain ruled through a system of royal officials. The Council of the Indies was formed in 1524. They then appointed to viceroys, or royal governors.

• Types of settlements: pueblos (trading posts or centers of government), missions were started by priests in order to convert natives to Christianity, and presidios were military bases.

Exploring the Southeast

• In 1508 Juan Ponce de Leon landed on Puerto Rico. By 1511 he had conquered the island and founded the city of San Juan.

• In 1512 de Leon discovered present-day Florida. He then began searching for the Fountain of Youth. However, he failed to colonize the area.

• In 1539 Hernando De Soto gained permission to explore the Gulf of Mexico region. In 1541 he discovered the Mississippi River. He would die the next year.

Exploring the Southwest

• In 1528 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca joined an expedition to North America.

• The group shipwrecked off the coast of Texas with only four survivors including de Vaca. They were enslaved by a Native American tribe.

• Six years later they would escape and travel across the Southwest to a Spanish settlement.

• De Vaca would become an advocate for the better treatment of the natives.

Spanish treatment of natives

• The encomienda system was set up to give the right of Spanish settlers to tax or make natives works in exchange for protection and conversion to Christianity.

• The natives were forced to work on large plantations, haciendas or in gold and silver mines.

• Bartolome de Las Casas was a Catholic priest in New Spain that advocated for the better treatment of Natives.

Cause and Effect

• Make a chart and list the causes and effects of the Spanish encounters in North America.

READING QUIZ THURSDAY

• Read Chapter 2, Section 4 (Pages 52-57)