Bell Ringer- 2/8 Based on what you’ve learned so far, evaluate/ comment on the following...
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Transcript of Bell Ringer- 2/8 Based on what you’ve learned so far, evaluate/ comment on the following...
Bell Ringer- 2/8
• Based on what you’ve learned so far, evaluate/ comment on the following statement:
“In a broad sense, the American Revolution was not the same thing as the American War of Independence. The war itself lasted only eight years. But the Revolution lasted over a century and a half.”
The Road to Revolution
Photo Credit: http://www.americanrevwar.homestead.com/files/FLAGS.HTM
The “Betsy Ross” Flag
England established colonies in North America in the 17th & 18th centuries for the purpose of increasing her empire.
Photo Credit: http://earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/maps/english_colonies/Colonies_1763.jpg
The colonies were part of England.
The colonists were English.
The purpose of establishing colonies is to increase the wealth of the
mother country.
Photo Credit: http://www.internetgraphicsdesign.com/images/money_bags_jpg.jpg
English mercantilist policies were designed to do just that.
The colonies were to provide raw materials to England, which England would sell to
other countries.
The colonies were to purchase British goods.
Colonial MercantilismColonial MercantilismAmerican ColoniesAmerican Colonies
produce raw produce raw materialsmaterials
(Ex: cotton, sugar, (Ex: cotton, sugar, tobacco)tobacco)
EnglandEnglandControls how it buys Controls how it buys
and makes goods and makes goods to sellto sell
(Ex. Cloth)(Ex. Cloth)
Other countryOther country(Ex. France)(Ex. France)Buys goodsBuys goods(Ex. Cloth)(Ex. Cloth)
Ships and sells raw Ships and sells raw materials to materials to
EnglandEngland
Manufactured goods (ex. Cloth) areManufactured goods (ex. Cloth) aresent back to Americasent back to America
GGooooddss
Gold is Gold is traded for traded for
goods and is goods and is taken to taken to EnglandEngland
The English Navigation Laws (a series of laws starting in 1650), were to ensure the process of mercantilism went smoothly:
• commerce was to take place on English ships
• colonial products were not to compete with English industries
• England collected tariffs (import taxes) on non-English European goods bound for
America
Benefits of mercantilism:
• military protection• guaranteed markets
• price supports
Burdens of mercantilism:
• economic “bondage” (inability to seek the best price)• stifled initiative
Photo Credit: http://www.lesleyannemcleod.homestead.com/files/62214___ship_English_14gun_revenue_cutter_1815small.jpg
England laxly enforced the Navigation Laws (salutary neglect) because …
• England was preoccupied with wars, and
• the people of the colonies were “low class.”
Photo Credit: http://www.internetgraphicsdesign.com/images/money_bags_jpg.jpg
England had incurred “crushing debt” defending North America in numerous wars.
England hoped to resolve the situation via:
• stricter enforcement of the Navigation Laws.
• Sugar Act of 1764 – taxed molasses imported from France
• Quartering Act of 1765 – colonial gov’ts had to provide food and housing for British troops in North America.
These efforts weren’t enough.
Photo Credit: http://www.dukesofbuckingham.org/people/family/grenville/nugent_buckingham.jpg
The series of wars made England aware of the large
colonial population.English Prime Minister
George Grenville suggested taxing the colonies to cover
about 1/3 the cost of the debt.
King George III and Parliament agreed.
Photo Credit: http://dc-mrg.english.ucsb.edu/WarnerTeach/E172/images/George.III.portrait.jpg
Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765, taxing legal documents in the colonies.
The revenue would be used to support British troops in the colonies.
The colonists were greatly offended.
The colonists argued that they had been taxed without their
consent as they had no representatives in
Parliament.
(Besides, the wars were over, why didn’t the troops just go home?)
Photo Credit: http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/assets/Page%20Art/teatoon2.gif
“Relax!” exclaimed Parliament.
“You are represented by us! You are our colonies! It is in our best interests to see to
your best interests.”
This concept is known as “virtual representation.”
The colonists did not agree.
“Why don’t we have two Parliaments?” asked the Colonies. “One in England and
one here? We’ll tax ourselves.”
“No.” said Parliament
Photo Credit: http://www.parliament.uk/images/hop/lords_pic.jpg
A group hastily convened in New York City to discuss the issue. 27 delegates from 9 colonies participated in this
Stamp Act Congress.
The delegates approved a 14-point Declaration of Rights and Grievances
affirming that colonial taxation could only be carried on by their own assemblies.
The arrival of the stamped paper coincided with the end of the Congress.
Photo Credit: http://www.silasdeaneonline.org/documents_images/revwar/StampAct_sm.jpg
The colonists reacted violently
and began to destroy property.
Merchants organized nonimportation agreements (boycotts of English goods) and
smuggled non-English goods into the colonies.
Photo Credit: http://www.multied.com/Revolt/photos/Boycott.GIF
Colonists formed radical groups, such as the Sons of Liberty, to oppose Parliamentary taxation policies and to make certain uncooperative merchants participated in the boycotts.
Photo Credit: http://mywebpages.comcast.net/cabuehner/sonsflag.gif
Sons of Liberty flag
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, but passed other taxation measures:
• Townshend Acts – taxed goods produced in Britain. The income would be used to pay the salaries of British officials in the colonies.
Photo Credit: http://mywebpages.comcast.net/cabuehner/sonsflag.gif
The colonists did not agree that colonial trade in compliance with navigation laws
was subject to taxation.
British officials tightened security against smugglers in Boston and assigned more
soldiers to the city. Soldiers were taunted on a regular basis. One day, things got
out of control.
Photo Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/11683/media/Massacre.gif
The colonists threw rock-filled snowballs at the soldiers. The soldiers shot into the
crowd, killing five men.
The Boston Massacre
Photo Credit: http://www.britishpensions.org.au/images/quill.gif
Thanks to the Committees of
Correspondence, news of such
activities spread throughout the
colonies.
Photo Credit: http://www.teamuse.com/images/041001_3.jpg
The Tea Act, though it would
make tea cheaper for the colonists, was
rejected by the colonists on principle.
Photo Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312233/Image/tea.gif
To indicate their displeasure at the Tea
Act, the colonists prevented the
unloading of tea at the ports. The resistance
was strongest in Boston, where the tea was dumped into the
harbor.
Photo Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312233/Image/tea.gif
Parliament acted quickly to punish the colonies, passing several Coercive Acts
including closing Boston Harbor, making Massachusetts a royal colony, and allowing
the use of force against the colonists.
The colonists called these “Intolerable Acts.”
56 delegates from 12 colonies sent delegates to the First Continental Congress in
Philadelphia in 1774. The delegates drew up another “Declaration of Rights and Grievances” (addressed to the King) indicating that they agreed with the
regulation of external commerce, but not with taxation without their consent. They
also resolved to continue boycotts of English imports (Suffolk Resolves).
The delegates went home about eight weeks later wondering how King
George III would respond.