Bell QuizBell Quiz (pgs. 363 – 371)(pgs. 363 – 371)

1. This is a religious revolution that split the 1. This is a religious revolution that split the church in western Europe and created a church in western Europe and created a number of new Christian churches.number of new Christian churches.

2. Where did Martin Luther post his 95 2. Where did Martin Luther post his 95 theses theses ANDAND what church did he create? what church did he create?

3. Why did Henry VIII break from the Roman3. Why did Henry VIII break from the Roman Catholic Church?Catholic Church?4. What was the goal of the Counter-4. What was the goal of the Counter-

Reformation?Reformation?5. What was the 5. What was the Index of Forbidden BooksIndex of Forbidden Books??

AnswersAnswers

1. The Reformation.1. The Reformation.

2. On a church door; The Lutheran 2. On a church door; The Lutheran Church.Church.

3. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife3. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife

4. To return the Catholic church to an 4. To return the Catholic church to an emphasis on spiritual matters.emphasis on spiritual matters.

5. A list of books that Catholics were 5. A list of books that Catholics were banned from reading. banned from reading.

ObjectivesObjectives

Discuss the developments that Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation.led to the Reformation.

Describe how Martin Luther Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new Catholic Church and began a new church.church.

Identify the factors that caused Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism.the spread of Protestantism.

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe how the Catholic Church Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation.responded to the Reformation.

Discuss the results of the Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation and the Counter – Reformation.Reformation.

Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 TermsTermsReformationReformation

IndulgencesIndulgences

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

John CalvinJohn Calvin

Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent

Use pages 363-367 to put the following Use pages 363-367 to put the following events that led to the Reformation in events that led to the Reformation in chronological orderchronological orderJohn Calvin forms Protestant Church in Switzerland.John Calvin forms Protestant Church in Switzerland.

Martin Luther criticizes the church.Martin Luther criticizes the church.

Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church.Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church.

Humanists urge people to withdrawal.Humanists urge people to withdrawal.

Luther establishes the Lutheran Church.Luther establishes the Lutheran Church.

Church ignores concerns.Church ignores concerns.

Tetzel begins selling indulgences.Tetzel begins selling indulgences.

French Huguenots given freedom of worship after bloody civil French Huguenots given freedom of worship after bloody civil wars.wars.

Luther excommunicated.Luther excommunicated.

Church of England created.Church of England created.

Humanists outraged by sales.Humanists outraged by sales.

Northern Humanists express concerns about the church.Northern Humanists express concerns about the church.

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

First break with the Roman Catholic First break with the Roman Catholic Church took place in what is now Church took place in what is now Germany.Germany.

Germany was not a unified nation yet. Germany was not a unified nation yet. It was made up of about 300 It was made up of about 300 independent states. independent states.

The weak rulers could not control The weak rulers could not control independent ideas about religion or independent ideas about religion or abuses of power by the popes.abuses of power by the popes.

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Martin Luther developed Martin Luther developed beliefs that later became beliefs that later became known as Lutheranism.known as Lutheranism.

1517, Luther publicly 1517, Luther publicly criticized the selling of criticized the selling of indulgences by the Pope and indulgences by the Pope and Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk). Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk).

Luther posted his 95 theses Luther posted his 95 theses (or statements) about (or statements) about indulgences on a church door.indulgences on a church door.

Because Luther had Because Luther had challenged church practices challenged church practices he was denounced by church he was denounced by church leaders.leaders.

By 1520 Luther openly By 1520 Luther openly disagreed with many other disagreed with many other church doctrines.church doctrines.

Martin Luther’s Break Martin Luther’s Break with the Churchwith the Church

1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and 1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and excommunicated him. excommunicated him.

The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to the city of Worms and commanded Luther to the city of Worms and commanded him to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of him to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of Worms)Worms)

Luther refused and was banned from printing Luther refused and was banned from printing his work.his work.

Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony helped protect Luther after the Diet of Worms.helped protect Luther after the Diet of Worms.

With the support of Frederick, Luther translated With the support of Frederick, Luther translated the Bible into German. the Bible into German.

The Spread of The Spread of ProtestantismProtestantism

Many German rulers Many German rulers established the Lutheran established the Lutheran Church within their states.Church within their states.

Charles V tired to stop the Charles V tired to stop the spread of Protestantism.spread of Protestantism.

1546 Charles V sent 1546 Charles V sent armies against the armies against the Protestant German rulers.Protestant German rulers.

1555 the Peace of 1555 the Peace of Augsburg stated German Augsburg stated German rulers had right to choose rulers had right to choose the religion for their state.the religion for their state.

Almost all the German Almost all the German states chose the Lutheran states chose the Lutheran Church.Church.

The Church of EnglandThe Church of England

England’s break from England’s break from the Roman Catholic the Roman Catholic Church was political.Church was political.

Henry VIII wanted a Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. Catherine of Aragon.

Pope Clement VII Pope Clement VII refused to grant the refused to grant the divorce.divorce.

Henry VIII started his Henry VIII started his own church, the Church own church, the Church of England (the of England (the Anglican Church)Anglican Church)

CalvinismCalvinism

In the 1530s John In the 1530s John Calvin founded a Calvin founded a Protestant church in Protestant church in Switzerland.Switzerland.

1536 he published 1536 he published his beliefs in “The his beliefs in “The Institutes of the Institutes of the Christian Religion”.Christian Religion”.

By the 1600s By the 1600s Calvinist churches Calvinist churches were well were well established in many established in many parts of Europe. parts of Europe.

Use pages 368-371 to fill in the graphic Use pages 368-371 to fill in the graphic organizer by listing the methods used by the organizer by listing the methods used by the Catholic Church to achieve their counter-Catholic Church to achieve their counter-reformation goals.reformation goals.

Goal Methods Used

Revive Spirituality 1.2.

Combat Heresy 1.2.

Define Catholic Doctrine

1.2.3.

Slow the Spread of Protestantism

1.2.

Counter – ReformationCounter – Reformation

1530s the Catholic Church began a 1530s the Catholic Church began a major reform effort, called the major reform effort, called the Counter – Reformation (or Catholic Counter – Reformation (or Catholic Reformation)Reformation)

Goals of the Counter - ReformationGoals of the Counter - Reformation– Return the church’s emphasis to spiritual Return the church’s emphasis to spiritual

matters.matters.– Make its doctrines more clear.Make its doctrines more clear.– Campaign to stop the spread of Campaign to stop the spread of

Protestantism. Protestantism.

Counter – Reformation Counter – Reformation tacticstactics

Pope Paul III appointed Pope Paul III appointed devout and learned devout and learned men as bishops and men as bishops and cardinals. cardinals.

Brought the Inquisition Brought the Inquisition to Rome.to Rome.

Did not use Inquisitions Did not use Inquisitions to punish Protestantsto punish Protestants

Goal was to keep Goal was to keep Catholics within the Catholics within the church church

Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV established the established the Index Index of Forbidden Books.of Forbidden Books.

The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent 1545, Pope Paul III called 1545, Pope Paul III called

a meeting of church a meeting of church leaders to the city of leaders to the city of Trent.Trent.

The Council of Trent met The Council of Trent met 3 times between 1545 3 times between 1545 and 1563and 1563

Defined the official Defined the official church position on church position on matters of doctrine.matters of doctrine.

Ended the sale of Ended the sale of indulgences.indulgences.

Tightened discipline Tightened discipline within the clergy.within the clergy.

Supported beliefs that Supported beliefs that Protestants had rejected.Protestants had rejected.

JesuitsJesuits Jesuits: the Society of Jesus.Jesuits: the Society of Jesus. Founded by Ignatius de Founded by Ignatius de

Loyola in 1534.Loyola in 1534. 1540, Pope Paul III recognized 1540, Pope Paul III recognized

the Jesuits as an official order the Jesuits as an official order of the Catholic Church.of the Catholic Church.

Followers took vows of Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope.obedience to the pope.

Organized like a military Organized like a military group.group.

Became the most effective Became the most effective group at spreading group at spreading Catholicism.Catholicism.

Stressed education, and Stressed education, and founded some of the best founded some of the best colleges in Europe. colleges in Europe.

Results of the Religious Results of the Religious UpheavalUpheaval Appearance of many Appearance of many

different churches in different churches in Europe.Europe.

A strong interest in A strong interest in education.education.

Reading became Reading became increasingly increasingly important.important.

Increase in the power Increase in the power of national of national governments.governments.

Decrease in the power Decrease in the power of the pope.of the pope.

ReviewReview

How did the Catholic Church How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation?respond to the Reformation?

What were the results of the What were the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation and the Counter – Reformation?Reformation?