Behaviorism Umbrella

8/7/2019 Behaviorism Umbrella

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Behaviorism(I.P.Pavlov)


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Usingbehaviorisme

to control learningis like using an umbrella

to control the

weather - Steve Nordby


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Pavlov?Remember

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Ivan Pavlov(1849-1936)

ARussian scientist

Nobel prize winnerwork on digestion Labeled a phenomenon as psychic

reflexes when studying the role of salivain dogs digestive processes.

Fascinated by this finding, he dedicatedmuch of the rest of his career furtherexploring this.


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His experiment?Remember

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Get to know the characters

Meat

powder=

UCS(unconditioned

stimulus)

Dogs

salivation =

CR(conditioned

response)

Bell =

CS(conditioned

stimulus)

Dogs

salivation =

UCR(unconditioned

response)


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Present the dog with meat powder

(UCS)

Saliva collected in saliva glands

Paired UCS with various stimuli like

bell (CS)

Saliva collected (UCS)

At last, the bell was used alone

Salivate to the sound of the bell

(CR)


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This psychological experiment called

classical conditioning


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Studies?further

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John B. Watson(1878-1958)

Showed humans canbe classically conditioned.

Conducted Little Albert experiment (with

Rosalie Rayner)

Causing phobic reaction to a white rat

(banged iron bars with a hammer whilst

showing infant Albert the rat)


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destiny?behaviorisme

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The principles shown by Watson are stillextensively used (e.g, in film making -Jaws)

He became the most important figure inmodern day psychology

The movement he began was called

behaviorism (as he proposed onlybehavior should be studies bypsychologist)


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His student, Skinner

(B.F.Skinner)

extended his work

looking at operant

conditioning (learning by

associating a behavior

with its consequences)

Together, classical and operantconditioning can explain many behaviors,

and their principles are widely used in

education, prisons and mental hospitals.


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Problem?any

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The only way to explain certain results is

to believe that animals have minds.

A

n experiment with rats (Crespi) foundthat rats used to running at a certainspeed to gain a food reward, would runmuch more slowly when it was reduced.

However, rats that had never actuallyreceived larger reward would run at afast speed for smaller amount.


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Just an umbrella?Is behaviorism

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Nothing that denies behaviorism is valid

when limited to certain areas of

psychology

Numerous experiments have shown there

is merit in the behaviorist theory, certain

ideas of this theory can be used in the

treatment of disorder.


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Vast improvements can be made in the

treatment of:

neurosis phobias

treating alcoholism

nicotine addiction

(Scwartz & Lacy, 1982)


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Real world?Classical in

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In reality, people do not respond exactly

like Pavlovs dogs.

However, numerous real world applicationfor classical conditioning e.g many dog

trainers use classical conditioning

techniques to help people train their pets


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Useful in treatment of phobia and anxietyproblems e.g teachers apply in the class

by creating a positive classroom

environment to help students overcome

anxiety of fear.

Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation

such as performing in front of a group with

pleasant surrounding help the studentlearn new associations the child will

learn to stay relaxed and calm.


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References1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


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http://www.greenhead.ac.uk/subjects/psyc

hology/explained.htm http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-

conditioning-pavlov.html

http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/naik.html

http://everything2.com/title/Behaviorism%252C+umbrellas%252C+and+the+shallow+

side+of+motivation http://www.ehow.com/how_2120213_unde

rstand-behaviorism.html

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