Behavior Science Research Design
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Transcript of Behavior Science Research Design
Behavior Science Research Design
Fall, 2017
Behavioral Science Research Design[26 830 545]
Instructor: Kent Harber
Meeting times: Tu, Th. 11:30-12:50
Location: Smith Rm. 371
Office Hours: Tu., 2:00-4:00
Purpose and Goals Class
Provide a general toolbox for behavioral science
* Emphasis on experiment design * Emphasis on social/personality research
Science Concepts Nature of scienceLogic of experimentsExperiment design
Statistics: Basic StatsT-TestsFactorial ANOVA
Planned ContrastRegression
Moderated Multiple Regression
Techniques: Question design Writing tips
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FACTORIAL DESIGN
Self Esteem, External Support, and Height JudgmentsHarber, Yeung, & Iacovelli, Emotion, (in press).
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Subjects Have High or Low Esteem, and….
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High or Low External Resources
Factorial Design
Factor 1: ???
Factor 2: ???
How many questions does this design address?
Esteem: Low vs. High
External resource: Present vs. Absent
1. Main effect Esteem2. Main effect External Resource3. Interaction of Esteem X Resource
Factorial Design
Height Perception Due to Use of Hands and Self Esteem
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Hands on Rail Hands Taped
Hei
ght
Judg
men
t
Low EsteemHigh Esteem
Course Content
Sept. 5 Logic of experiments
Sept. 7 Research Ethics
Sept. 12 Generating research ideas
Sept. 14 Philosophy of science
Sept. 19 Science and society
Sept. 21 Problems and hypotheses
Sept. 26 Constructs, variables, definitions
Sept. 28 Moderators and mediators
Oct. 3 Independent variables
Oct. 5 Dependent variables
Course Content,continuedOct. 10 Experimental designs
Oct. 12 Challenges of behavioral science
Oct. 17 Avoiding bias
Oct. 19 Mid Term
Oct. 24 Statistics basics review
Oct. 26 Analyses of Differences: t-Tests
Oct. 31 One way ANOVA I
Nov. 2 One way ANOVA II
Nov. 7 Two way ANOVA I
Nov. 9 Two way ANOVA II
Course Content, cont.
Nov. 14 Planned contrasts, post hoc testsNov. 16 Correlation and regression Nov. 21 Regression IINov. 23 THANKSGIVINGNov. 28 Moderated multiple regressionNov. 30 Survey methods: Question design Dec. 5 Non-experimental designs Dec. 7 Writing up researchDec. 12 Catch-upDec. 19 Final exam [date subject to change]
Course MaterialAronson, et al. Methods of research in social psychology.
Course Reader: Front Office Text + Reader Cost = $8.00
Recommended:
1. APA Manual, Sixth Edition2. The Compleat Academic: A Career Guide, Second
J. M. Darley, M. P.Zanna, and H. L. Roediger, III
3. Multiple Regression: Testing … Interactions.L.S. Aiken and S.G. West
4. Regression Analyses for Categorical ModeratorsH. Aguinis
5. Discovering Statistics Using SPSSA. Field
6. Powerpoint Slides: Available on Webpage http://psychology.rutgers.edu/~kharber/
Course Grading
Grazing Task 5%
Phil. of Science Debate 5%
Quiz 1 5%Quiz 2 5%Quiz 3 5%
Mid-term 25%
Stats Take-Home 15%
Final 35%
Loyalty in Organizations
Measures Observations Relationships Hypotheses Theory
Observe Behav.
Liking of fraternityInitiation rites
Reveal Relationships
Severe Initiation Liking of fraternity
Develop Theory
Cognitive Dissonance: drive to align experience with beliefs.
Test Hypotheses
Severe Initiation Liking of fraternity
Explain Human Nature
“WHAT”
“WHY”
Frat boys:
mad glad???
"HOW"
How are the Elements of Science Organized?
Theory
Observations
Relationships
Experiments
Theory
Hypothesis
Experiment
Measures/Observations
Hierarchy Model of Science
Where Does the Fly Belong on the Hierarchy?
Observations/Measures
Theory
Hypotheses
Experiments
Mandela (Recursive) Model of Science
Experiments
Theory
Observations/Measures
Observations/Measures
Hypotheses
Experiments
Hypotheses
Cross Chatter of Science
THEORY--DEFINED
A theory is a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomenon by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting phenomena (Kerlinger & Lee, p. 11).
Jigsaw Puzzle Model of Science
Data = Pieces Correlations = Joining of pieces to form larger pieces
Hypotheses = Ways of organizing pieces: “All same- colored pieces go together.”
Theory = The entire puzzle, or enough of it to
predict where missing pieces go and connect
AND NOW WE WILL TEST A HYPOTHESIS …..
THEORY AND SEEING HMAS Sydney Sunk in Indian Ocean 1941;
Found (in part) Via Cog. Psychology 2008http://www.npr.org/2011/09/27/140816037/how-psychology-solved-a-wwii-shipwreck-mystery
Bartlett's War of the Ghosts schema research, ca. 1930
Create "deviation maps" from Bartlett's original subjects
Apply same method to German sailors' stories
Theories As Organizers of Behavior
Behaviors Behaviors
* People will help a fellow shopper pick up spilled groceries after they, themselves, break a stranger’s camera.
* People who form ambivalent romantic relationships tend to be unsure about the existence of a supreme being.
* Paying children to do a task that they already like doing will make them like the task less.
* Young children are more likely to freely explore if they have non-depressed mothers.
* People become more loyal believers in a cult if the cult’s own predictions don’t come true.
* People who tend to avoid close relationships also tend to be more mentally rigid.
Cognitive Dissonance Attachment Theory
Non Scientific Explanatory Systems
The Bible Astrology Folk Wisdom Philosophy US News and World Report
Hypotheses Unburdened by Data Each [social psychology] deception study leads to a breakdown in [societal] trust.
Sissela Bok
Our most important protections in a new world will be our old values.
David Gergen, Editor at Large,
U.S. News and World Report January 3, 2000