Behavior Based Safety Final Draft

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AN INTRODUCTION TO

Behavior Based Safety (BBS)

Dr. A. V. Singh

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Contests & Contests & AwardsAwards

RReeppririmmaanndsds

RRegegululatatioionsns

PoliciesPolicies

Committees & CouncilsCommittees & Councils

SlogansSlogansSafety TrainingSafety Training

Safety MeetingsSafety Meetings

Fewer AccidentsFewer Accidents

Traditional Safety Model

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Traditional Safety Management

Safety Management System Features

PPE Emergency Response Policies

Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation

Safety Meetings Audits/Inspections Industrial Hygiene

Training Safety Permits Hazard Recognition

Fire Protection Engineering Ergonomics

Safety IncentivesSHE StandardsSafety Surveys

Job Safety Analysis JSO

Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuriesin the workplace.

Limited effectiveness, why?Strong reliance on Antecedents

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Please think . . .

How many of the above elements can be

directly traced to injury elimination just at

the moment the injury is about to occur ?

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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Injury Statistics . . .

14 people die at work in US everyday

11,000 people suffer from disabling injury everyday


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Injury Statistics . . . Year 2004 in US*

•5200 workplace fatalities

•3.8 fatalities per 100,000 workers

•3.9 million people suffer disabling injuries

•6.1 injuries or illnesses per 100 workers


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Injury Statistics . . . In INDIA

•124 people die at workplace everyday

•46575 people are injured

•32% contribution to global fatality at work

•37% of global burden of occupational injury


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To Conclude . . .

•Good Safety Management systems exist

•Still workplace is injury prone & not safe

•Injury although declined, still persists

WHAT IS MISSING? WHERE IS THE CATCH?

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Scientifically proven that . . .

In 1951, Dr. Heinrich claimed that more than 90%

of injuries were caused by UNSAFE ACTS

DuPont proved by research that:

Injury Causes Percent

Injuries due to Unsafe Acts / Behavior 76

Injuries due to combination of Unsafe Behavior & Conditions

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Injuries due Unsafe Conditions 4

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DOE, US Govt. found out that . . .

Personnel errors (Unsafe Acts) was present in 77%

of incidents

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent by Cause (1999-2001)

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DuPont Research found that . . .

30,000 Hazards(Unsafe Acts & Conditions)

3,000 Near Miss / First Aid

300 Non LTAs

30 LTAs

1Fatal

Eliminate

Avoid

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To Conclude . . .

Eliminate Unsafe Acts / Conditions = Avoid Injuries & Accidents

Safety Safety ActivitiesActivities

Fewer Unsafe Fewer Unsafe ActsActs

Fewer Fewer AccidentsAccidents

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Unsafe Acts & Objectives of BBS

1. Unsafe Acts is a behavioral process

2. Also defined as “at risk” behavior

Objective of BBS is to minimize “at risk” behavior at workplace

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Principles of BBS

Behavior is the cause of accidents

Consequence motivate behavior

What gets measured, gets done

Feedback is essential to improvement

Quality is built early in the process

Conversations change organizations

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Behavioral Safety Management

Safety Management System Features

PPE Emergency Response Policies

Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation

Safety Meetings Audits/Inspections Industrial Hygiene

Training Safety Permits Hazard Recognition

Fire Protection Engineering Ergonomics

Safety IncentivesOSHA StandardsSafety Surveys

Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuriesin the workplace.

Improvement: Adding Consequences

But,

Still limited effectiveness, why?Not integrated with other elements

Job Safety AnalysisBehavioral Safety JSO

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Behavioral Safety Management

To be effective:– Integrate the fundamental elements1 of BBS

into the Safety Management System elements– How?

• Identify (pinpoint) critical behaviors• Define behaviors precisely to measure them

reliably• Implement mechanisms to determine current

status• Provide feedback• Reinforce progress

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What is Behavior?

Behavior is anything that a person says, does, thinks or feels

Eg: Working at heights with safety belts

Behavior should be observable, specific

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What is Antecedent ?

Anything that occurs before or during the behavior can be an antecedent for that behavior

B: Working at heights with safety belts

A: Painful Memory of past accident

It is Antecedents that cause a certain types of behavior to happen

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What is Consequence ?

Anything that occurs after a behavior

B: Working at heights with safety belts

A: Painful Memory of past accident

C: No more accidents

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The ABC of BBS Program

A: Antecedents – cause of certain behavior

C: Consequence – outcome of a behavior

B: Behavior – what you see a person do

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What is BBS Program?

Understand & Influence Antecedents

Minimize / eliminate workplace injuries

Make people behave safely, work safely

This is Zero Injury Culture too . . .

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BBS vs. Zero Injury

Zero Injury is the GOAL

BBS is the path to reach the GOAL

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How to Implement BBS ?

7 Steps Process

1. Identify Unsafe Acts in all your operations. Make a list of safe acts for these unsafe acts.

2. Audit Unsafe Acts & Conditions. Report

3. Measure no. of safe / unsafe acts. Know your scores4. Set Improvement Goals. Identify actions to achieve the goals. Implement Actions

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How to Implement BBS ?

7 Steps Process

5. Monitor actions implementation & trends of Unsafe Acts & conditions

6. Continually improve performance

7. Recognize performers & celebrate achievement

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Reactive

Proactive

A: It’s the best way of measuring how well your system is working!

Q: Why focus on behavior?

Systems’ Weaknesses

Serious Injuries

At-Risk BehaviorsAt-Risk Behaviors

Non Serious Injuries

Near Misses

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Recall . . .


Fewer Unsafe ActsFewer Unsafe Acts


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What do we do now?


Fewer Unsafe ActsFewer Unsafe Acts


Traditional Model

BBS Program +

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Primary Team Roles

Management Lead by example Support the process Remove roadblocks Monitor success Provide resources

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Basic Elements of BBS

Identify/define targeted safe behaviors.Observe behaviors.Measure process/activities.Deliver feedback.Deliver positive consequences.Analyze variance/take action.Improve process continuously.

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RESULTS

CRITICAL SAFE & PROCESS SUPPORT

BEHAVIORS

PERFORMANCE

VERBAL & GRAPHIC ON

PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENT

PINPOINTEVALUATE

ME

AS

UR

E

RE

INF

OR

CE

GIVE FEEDBACK

The Behavioral Process

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If BBS has to Succeed then . . .

Top Management Commitment is essential

Ownership & involvement from all employees

Steering Committee to monitor in plants

Training to all on BBS & safety practices

Effective Feedback – Most important

Performance monitoring & Continual improvement

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Safe Behavior

Is safe behavior an occupational necessity?

Can safe behavior be a philosophy of life?

Is safety only at work place?

Don’t I want my son to drive safely & reach home every day?

Safe Behavior = Safety Assurance

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Thank you

Behavior Based Safety Final Draft

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