Behave Yourself! A Summary of Animal Behaviors. Do Now 1.What kind of animals have you seen...
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Behave Yourself!A Summary of Animal
Behaviors
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Do Now
1. What kind of animals have you seen migrating?
2. Why do you think they migrate at certain times of the year?
• Essential QuestionHow do animals
communicate and respond to each other and their environment?
• ObjectiveStudents will be able to
describe how animal behaviors increase chances of survival.
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Lesson Overview
Agenda•Discussion: Animal Behavior
•CW: Animal Behavior Review
Homework•Innate/Learned Behavior Reading and Vocabulary
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Innate Behaviors
• Also known as instinct• Born with it, not learned• Generally essential to organism’s
survival.– Example: a spider building its first web.
• “Hard-wiring” of the nervous system, usually inflexible (a given stimulus triggering a given response)
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Suckling
• A mammal is born knowing how to nurse– Example: Pigs suckling at birth
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Imprinting
• Some baby bird species will follow the first moving object they see, usually the mother.– Example: ducks
Fly AwayHome Trailer
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Migration
• Organisms move from one place to another periodically, generally in response to temperature or food availability.– Wildebeast, geese, monarch
butterflies
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Hibernation
• An organism goes dormant for a long period of time to escape cold temperatures.– Bears, chipmunks, frogs
Hibernation & Homing
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Estivation
• An organism goes dormant for a long period of time to escape hot temperatures.– Example: African bullfrog, fringe toed lizard,
turtle
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Positive Chemotaxis
• An organism responds to a chemical by moving towards it.– Example: Male cockroach pheromones attract
females
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Negative Chemotaxis
• An organism responds to a chemical by moving away from it.– Example: the smell of a skunk repels other
animals
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Positive Phototaxis
• An organism responds to light by moving towards it.– Example: Moths to a light
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Negative Phototaxis
• An organism responds to light by moving away from it.– Example: Moles live underground
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Circadian Rhythms
• Periods of sleep and waking in a 24 hour period.– Example: Human alertness during the day
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Social Behaviors
• The various ways in which an organism interacts with members of its own species.
• Can vary greatly, depending on whether the organisms live together or lead solitary lives (interacting only to reproduce).
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Courtship
• An individual performs a ritual – e.g., sounds, visual display, pheromones – to attract a mate or strengthen an existing bond– Example: Necking, dancing for mates in condors– Courtship grooming and feeding among birds
and mammals
Flamingocourtship
Scorpioncourtship
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Territoriality
• An organism defending or marking a defined living space– Example: Wolves mark their territory; male
bettas fight other males in their territory
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Parental care• Care of young, e.g.,
feeding, grooming, defense of young– Example: primates nursing
young, elephant mother defending baby elephant, gull regurgitation
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Communication
• Occurs when one organism passes along a signal to another, generating a response; signals include:– Visual– Sound– Touch– Chemical/electrical
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Visual Signals
• An organism displays defined movements, coloration, or other behavior that can be seen– Cuttlefish changes colors to indicate mood.– White tail deer flash underside of tail for warning– Killdeer perform “broken wing” display to distract
predators
Killdeer broken wing
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Sounds • Birds – singing• Dolphins – signature
‘whistle’ and echolocation
• Primates & Humans - language
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Chemical Signals (Pheromones)
• Bees use pheromones (and visual “dance”) to help indicate to other bees where to find food, nectar, and the hive.
• Lions use pheromones to indicate readiness to mate and to identify their cubs.