Beginning of Cold War
Transcript of Beginning of Cold War
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The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations[“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES:
1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
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The Division of Berlin
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The Bipolarization of Europe
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George Kennan: CONTAINMENTGoals Means Actual Application
1.Restorationof the balance of power
2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.
Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.
Exploitation of tensions in international communism.
Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]
Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]
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3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.
Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.
Using “carrots & sticks’ (rewards & punishments to induce behavior); containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.
George Kennan: CONTAINMENTGoals Means Actual Application
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National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
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Ruled by Japan from 1910-WWII After WWII divided at 38th Parallel, Korea not part
of decision Soviet-controlled North & U.S.-controlled South Did not hold free elections Escalation & border skirmishes W/ absence of Soviet Union, UN passed resolution
for military intervention Mostly U.S. troops (more than 80%) 20 other countries provided troops
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Korean War
[1950-1953]
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Korean War[1950-1953]
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”
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The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]
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1945—End of WWII 1946—Atomic testing in Bikini Islands; Kennan’s
“Long Telegram” 1947—Truman Doctrine 1948—Truman was election surprisingly; Berlin
Airlift 1949—Stalin ends blockade; Soviets test atomic
bomb 1950—Korean War begins 1952—Eisenhower elected President 1953—Korean War ends