Beginning Java EE 6

Platform

with GlassFish 3From Novice to Professional

Second Edition

TECHNISCHEJNFORMATIONSBIBUOTHEK

UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEKHANDOVER

ANTONIO GONCALVES

Apress®TIB/UB Hannover 89

133 229 297

Foreword xvii

About the Author xviii

About the Technical Reviewer. xix

Acknowledgements xx

iiPreface xxi

! Chapter 1: Java EE 6 at a Glance 1

Understanding Java EE 1

A Bit of History 2

Standards 4

Architecture 4

Java EE 6 Specifications 10

What's New in Java EE 6? 12

Lighter 13

Easier to Use 15

Richer 16

More Portable 18

The CD-BookStore Application 18

Setting Up Your Environment 20

JDK 1.6 20

Maven2 21

JUnit 4 27

Derby 10.6 31

GlassFish V3.0.1 34

I CONTENTS

Summary 41

Chapter 2: Java Persistence 43

JPA Specification Overview 44

A Brief History of the Specification 44

What's New in JPA 2.0? 45

Reference Implementation 45

Understanding Entities 46

Object-Relational Mapping 46

Querying Entities 48

Callbacks and Listeners 49

Putting it all Together 50

Writing the Book Entity 51

Writing the Main Class 52

Persistence Unit for the Main Class 53

Compiling with Maven 54

Running the Main Class with Derby 56

Writing the BookTest Class 57

Persistence Unit for the BookTest Class 59

Running the BookTest Class with Embedded Derby 60

Summary 60

Chapter 3: Object-Relational Mapping 61

How to Map an Entity 61

Configuration by Exception 63

Elementary Mapping 64

Tables 65

Primary Keys 68

Attributes 72

Access Type 78

vi

CONTENTS

Collection of Basic Types 81

Map of Basic Types 83

Mapping with XML 84

Embeddables 87

Access Type of an Embeddable Class 89

Relationship Mapping 91

Relationships in Relational Databases 92

Entity Relationships 93

Fetching Relationships 105

Ordering Relationships 107

Inheritance Mapping 110

Inheritance Strategies 110

Type of Classes in the Inheritance Hierarchy 118

Summary 121

Chapter 4: Managing Persistent Objects 123

How to Query an Entity 123

Entity Manager 127

Obtaining an Entity Manager 128

Persistence Context 130

Manipulating Entities 132

Cache API 142

JPQL 145

Select 146

From 148

Where 148

Order By 150

Group By and Having 150

Bulk Delete 150

is CONTENTS

Bulk Update 151

Queries 151

Dynamic Queries 154

Named Queries 155

Native Queries 158

Criteria API (or Object-Oriented Queries) 158

Concurrency 161

Versioning 163

Optimistic Locking 164

Pessimistic Locking 166

Summary 166

Chapter 5: Callbacks and Listeners...... 167

Entity Life Cycle 167

Callbacks 169

Listeners 172

Summary 177

Chapter 6: Enterprise Java Beans 179

Understanding EJBs 179

Types of EJBs 181

Anatomy of an EJB 181

EJB Container 183

Embedded Container 184

Dependency Injection and JNDI 185

Callback Methods and Interceptors 186

Packaging 186

EJB Specification Overview 187

History of the Specification 187

What's New in EJB 3.1 188

viii

S CONTENTS

EJB Lite 189

Reference Implementation 189

Putting It All Together 190

Writing the Book Entity 191

Writing the BookEJB Stateless Session Bean 191

Persistence Unit for the BookEJB 193

Writing the Main Class 194

Compiling and Packaging with Maven 194

Deploying on GlassFish 196

Running the Main Class with the Application Client Container 197

Writing the BookEJBTest Class 197

Summary 199

i Chapter 7: Session Beans and the Tinier Service ....201

Session Beans 201

Stateless Beans 202

Stateful Beans 205

Singletons 207

Session Bean Model 214

Asynchronous Calls 226

Embeddable Usage 228

The Timer Service ...230

Calendar-Based Expression 231

Automatic Timer Creation 233

Programmatic Timer Creation 234

Summary 235

Chapter 8: Callbacks and Interceptors ...237

Session Beans Life Cycle 237

Stateless and Singleton 237

ix

11 CONTENTS

Stateful 239

Callbacks 240

Interceptors 243

Around-lnvoke Interceptors 244

Method Interceptors 247

Life-Cycle Interceptor 249

Chaining and Excluding Interceptors 250

Summary 252

Chapter 9: Transactions and Security -253

Transactions 253

ACID 254

Local Transactions 254

Distributed Transactions and XA 256

Transaction Support in EJB 259

Container-Managed Transactions 259

Bean-Managed Transactions 266

Security 268

Principals and Roles 268

Authentication and Authorization 269

Security Support in EJB 269

Declarative Security 270

Programmatic Security 273

Summary 275

Chapter 10: JavaServer Faces 277

Understanding JSF 278

FacesServlet and faces-config.xml 279

Pages and Components 279

Renderer 280

x

CONTENTS

Converters and Validators 281

Managed Beans and Navigation 281

Ajax Support 282

Web Interface Specifications Overview 282

A Brief History of Web Interfaces 283

JSP 2.2, EL 2.2, and JSTL1.2 283

JSF2.0 283

What's New in JSF 2.0 284

Reference Implementation 284

Putting It All Together 284

Writing the Book Entity 286

Writing the BookEJB 286

Writing the BookController Managed Bean 287

Writing the newBook.xhtml Page 288

Writing the listBooks.xhtml Page 290

Configuration with web.xml 292

Compiling and Packaging with Maven 293

Deploying on GlassFish 294

Running the Example 294

Summary 295

Chapter 11: Pages and Components 297

Web Pages 297

HTML 297

XHTML 299

CSS 301

DOM 303

JavaScript 304

Java Server Pages 306

Directive Elements 307

xi

S CONTENTS

Scripting Elements 308

Action Elements 309

Putting It All Together 310

Expression Language 312

JSP Standard Tag Library 314

Core Actions 314

Formatting Actions; 316

SQL Actions 317

XML Actions 319

Functions 321

Facelets 322

JavaServer Faces 323

Life Cycle 324

Standard HTML Components 326

Resource Management 336

Composite Components 337

Implicit Objects 342

Summary 343

Chapter 12: Processing and Navigation ...345

The MVC Pattern 345

FacesServlet 346

FacesContext 349

Faces Config 350

Managed Beans 351

How to Write a Managed Bean 351

Managed Bean Model 352

Navigation 356

Message Handling 361

xii

il CONTENTS

Conversion and Validation 363

Converters 363

Custom Converters 365

Validators 366

Custom Validators, 367

Ajax 368

General Concepts 368

Support in JSF 370

Putting It All Together 372

Summary 376

Chapter 13: Sending Messages 377

Understanding Messages 377

JMS 378

MDB 378

Messaging Specification Overview 379

A Brief History of Messaging 379

JMS 1.1 379

EJB 3.1 379

Reference Implementation 380

How to Send and Receive a Message 380

Java Messaging Service 382

Point-to-Point 383

Publish-Subscribe 384

JMS API 385

Selectors 397

Reliability Mechanisms 397

Message-Driven Beans 400

How to Write an MDB ..400

II CONTENTS

MDB Model 401

MDB as a Consumer 405

MDB as a Producer 406

Transaction 407

Handling Exceptions 408

Putting It All Together 409

Writing the OrderDTO 409

Writing the OrderSender 409

Writing the OrderMDB 410

Compiling and Packaging with Maven 411

Creating the Administered Objects 413

Deploying the MDB on GlassFish 413

Running the Example 414

Summary 414

Chapter 14: SOAP Web Services 415

Understanding SOAP Web Services 415

XML 416

WSDL 417

SOAP 417

UDDI 417

Transport Protocol 418

SOAP Web Services Specification Overview 418

A Brief History of SOAP Web Services 418

Java EE Specifications 418

Reference Implementation 420

How to Invoke a SOAP Web Service 420

Java Architecture for XML Binding 422

Binding 423

xiv

If CONTENTS

Annotations 4^t>

The Invisible Part of the Iceberg 428

WSDL 428

SOAP 431

Java API for XML-Based Web Services 432

JAX-WS Model 432

Invoking a SOAP Web Service 440

Putting It All Together 442

Writing the CreditCard Class 442

Writing the CardValidator SOAP Web Service 442

Compiling and Packaging with Maven 443

Deploying on GlassFish 444

Writing the Web Service Consumer 446

Generating Consumer's Artifacts and Packaging with Maven 447

Running the Main Class 449

Summary 450

Chapter 15: RESTful Web Services 451

Understanding RESTful Web Services 451

Resources and URIs 451

Representations 452

WADL 453

HTTP 453

RESTful Web Services Specification .458

A Brief History of REST 459

JAX-RS 1.1 459

What's New in JAX-RS 1.1? 459

Reference Implementation 460

The REST Approach 460

CONTENTS

From the Web to Web Services460

A Web-Browsing Experience460

Uniform Interface....461

Addressability461

Connectedness 462

Statelessness 463

Java API for RESTful Web Services 463

The JAX-RS Model 464

How to Write a REST Service -464

URI Definition 465

Extracting Parameters 467

Consuming and Producing Content Types 468

Entity Provider 471

Methods or the Uniform Interface 473

Contextual Information 474

Exception Handling 475

Life Cycle 476

Putting It All Together 477

Writing the Book Entity 477

Writing the BookResource 478

Configuring Jersey 481

Compiling and Packaging with Maven 481

Deploying on GlassFish 482

Running the Example 433

Summary 434