Beginning Greek for Bible Study

Beginning Greek for Beginning Greek for Bible StudyBible Study

Class #4Class #4

A Bible Study MethodA Bible Study Method

Evgw, eivmi to; A[lfa

kai; to; w=

Exegetical ExampleExegetical Example

Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come

w[ste ei; tij evn Cristw/|( kainh. kti,sij\ ta. avrcai/a parh/lqen( ivdou. ge,gonen kaina,

AlphaAlpha aa aa FFaatherther

BetaBeta bb bb BBibleible

GammaGamma gg gg ggoneone

DeltaDelta dd dd ddogog

EpsilonEpsilon ee ee mmeett

ZetaZeta zz zz dadazzee

EtaEta hh ee obobeeyy

ThetaTheta qq thth ththinging

IotaIota ii ii iintrntriiguegue

KappaKappa kk kk kkitchenitchen

LambdaLambda ll ll llawaw

MuMu mm mm mmotherother

NuNu nn nn nnewew

XiXi xx xx aaxxiomiom

OmicronOmicron oo oo nnoott

PiPi pp pp ppeacheach

RhoRho rr rr rrodod

SigmaSigma s - Vs - V ss sstudytudy

TauTau tt tt ttalkalk

UpsilonUpsilon uu uu oopsoops

PhiPhi ff phph phphoneone

ChiChi cc chch lolochch

PsiPsi yy psps lilipsps

OmegaOmega ww oo ttoonene

Clauses & PhrasesClauses & Phrases

A clause is a group of related words that A clause is a group of related words that includes a subject and verb.includes a subject and verb. After Greek class, I am going home.After Greek class, I am going home. When I get home, I am going to bed.When I get home, I am going to bed.

A phrase is a group of words that does not A phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject or indicative verb.have a subject or indicative verb. After Greek class, I am going home.After Greek class, I am going home. Because of the weather, I stayed home.Because of the weather, I stayed home.

Dependent (Subordinate) Dependent (Subordinate) ClausesClauses

A dependent (or subordinate) clause is a A dependent (or subordinate) clause is a clause that cannot grammatically stand on clause that cannot grammatically stand on its own. It does not make sense by itself.its own. It does not make sense by itself. When I get homeWhen I get home Because the weather is badBecause the weather is bad

An independent clause can stand on its An independent clause can stand on its own.own. I am going homeI am going home I am going to bedI am going to bed I am studying GreekI am studying Greek

ClausesClauses

Recognizing an independent clause from a Recognizing an independent clause from a dependent clause is ESSENTIAL for dependent clause is ESSENTIAL for understanding the Bible.understanding the Bible.

The main point of a biblical text is usually The main point of a biblical text is usually in an independent clause, not a dependent in an independent clause, not a dependent clause.clause.

Clauses – Col. 1:28-29Clauses – Col. 1:28-29

28 - We proclaim Him, admonishing every 28 - We proclaim Him, admonishing every man and teaching every man with all man and teaching every man with all wisdom, so that we may present every wisdom, so that we may present every man complete in Christ.man complete in Christ.

2929 - For this purpose also I labor, - For this purpose also I labor, striving according to His power, which striving according to His power, which mightily works within me.mightily works within me.

Introduction to PhrasingIntroduction to Phrasing

Phrasing is a way of visually dividing up a Phrasing is a way of visually dividing up a section of Scripture in order to section of Scripture in order to seesee the the author’s flow of thought and thus author’s flow of thought and thus understand the passage.understand the passage.

Phrasing is different than sentence Phrasing is different than sentence diagramming and is generally more useful diagramming and is generally more useful in Bible study.in Bible study.

*****In this section, the author uses the *****In this section, the author uses the term “phrase” in a broader way than in term “phrase” in a broader way than in chapter 7. Don’t be confused!chapter 7. Don’t be confused!

Overview of PhrasingOverview of Phrasing

Step 1 – Find the beginning and end of the Step 1 – Find the beginning and end of the passage.passage.

Step 2 - Identify the sections.Step 2 - Identify the sections.

Step 3 – Identify the phrases.Step 3 – Identify the phrases.

Step 4 – Identify the main phrase(s) and Step 4 – Identify the main phrase(s) and modifying phrases.modifying phrases.

Step 5 – Visually lay out the passage in a Step 5 – Visually lay out the passage in a way that clearly shows the relationships of way that clearly shows the relationships of the phrases.the phrases.

Step 1 – Identify the beginning Step 1 – Identify the beginning and end of a passageand end of a passage

HOW?HOW? Look for major shifts in topicsLook for major shifts in topics Look for shifts in audienceLook for shifts in audience Look for shifts from description to prescriptionLook for shifts from description to prescription Look for changes in key words and themesLook for changes in key words and themes Look for transitional phrases (“the next day,” “after Look for transitional phrases (“the next day,” “after

this,” “therefore”)this,” “therefore”) Check your conclusions with a good commentary or Check your conclusions with a good commentary or

study Bible.study Bible. Remember that the chapter and paragraph divisions Remember that the chapter and paragraph divisions

are are not inspirednot inspired, but are helpful and usually correct in , but are helpful and usually correct in identifying major divisions.identifying major divisions.


1 Cor 1:1-101 Cor 1:1-10

11 Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Sosthenes our Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother,brother,

22 To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been sanctified in Christ To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:

33 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

44 I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,Christ Jesus,

55 that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge,that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge,

66 even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,

77 so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,Jesus Christ,

88 who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

99 God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.Christ our Lord.

1010 Now I exhort you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all agree Now I exhort you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all agree and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be made complete in the and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be made complete in the same mind and in the same judgment.same mind and in the same judgment.


11 Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother,Sosthenes our brother,

22 To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:

33 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.Christ.

Label? - Salutation

Step 2 – Identify the sectionsStep 2 – Identify the sections

Read and re-read the passage until the Read and re-read the passage until the natural “breaks” are identified.natural “breaks” are identified.

Label the sections with the main point of Label the sections with the main point of the sectionthe section


11 Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother,God, and Sosthenes our brother,

22 To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, have been sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:

33 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.Lord Jesus Christ.


AUTHORAUTHOR(1) Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and (1) Paul, called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother,Sosthenes our brother,

RECIPIENTSRECIPIENTS(2) To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been (2) To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every place call sanctified in Christ Jesus, saints by calling, with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:

GREETINGGREETING(3) Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.(3) Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Step 3 – Identify the phrasesStep 3 – Identify the phrases

““A phrase is an assertion, a proposition, A phrase is an assertion, a proposition, something that means something” (63).something that means something” (63).

A phrase is more than just one word.A phrase is more than just one word.

Step 3 – Identify the phrasesStep 3 – Identify the phrasesAUTHORAUTHORPaulPaulcalled as an apostle of Jesus Christcalled as an apostle of Jesus Christby the will of Godby the will of Godand Sosthenes our brother,and Sosthenes our brother,

RECIPIENTSRECIPIENTSTo the church of GodTo the church of Godwhich is at Corinthwhich is at Corinthto those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesusto those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesussaints by callingsaints by callingwith all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:

GREETINGGREETING(3) Grace to you and peace(3) Grace to you and peacefrom God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Step 4/5 – Identify the main phrase(s) Step 4/5 – Identify the main phrase(s) and modifying phrases – lay out and modifying phrases – lay out

visuallyvisuallyAUTHORAUTHOR

PaulPaulcalled as an apostle of Jesus Christcalled as an apostle of Jesus Christ

by the will of Godby the will of Godand Sosthenes our brotherand Sosthenes our brother,,

RECIPIENTSRECIPIENTSTo the church of GodTo the church of God== which is at Corinthwhich is at Corinthto those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesusto those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus

saints by callingsaints by callingwith all who in every place call on the name of our Lord with all who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours:

GREETINGGREETINGGrace to you and peaceGrace to you and peace

from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Step 1 - 1 Corinthians 1:4-9Step 1 - 1 Corinthians 1:4-9(4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace (4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,

(5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all (5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge,speech and all knowledge,

(6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was (6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,confirmed in you,

(7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting (7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,

(8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in (8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

(9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into (9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.

Step 2 – Identify sectionsStep 2 – Identify sections(4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace (4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,

(5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all (5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge,speech and all knowledge,

(6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was (6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,confirmed in you,

(7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting (7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,

(8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in (8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

(9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into (9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.

Step 2 – Identify the sectionsStep 2 – Identify the sectionsTHANKFULNESS FOR GRACETHANKFULNESS FOR GRACE

(4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God (4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,which was given you in Christ Jesus,

(5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and (5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge,all knowledge,

(6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,(6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,

(7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the (7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,

(8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of (8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.our Lord Jesus Christ.

FAITHFULNESS OF GODFAITHFULNESS OF GOD

(9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship (9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.

Step 3 – Identify the phrasesStep 3 – Identify the phrasesTHANKFULNESS FOR GRACETHANKFULNESS FOR GRACE

(4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God (4) I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,which was given you in Christ Jesus,

(5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and (5) that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge,all knowledge,

(6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,(6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,

(7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the (7) so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,

(8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of (8) who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.our Lord Jesus Christ.


(9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship (9) God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.

Step 3 – Identify the phrasesStep 3 – Identify the phrasesTHANKFULNESS FOR GRACETHANKFULNESS FOR GRACE

(4) (4) I thank my God always concerning youI thank my God always concerning you

for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,

(5) (5) that in everything you were enriched in Himthat in everything you were enriched in Him

in all speech and all knowledge,in all speech and all knowledge,

(6) (6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,

(7) (7) so that you are not lacking in any giftso that you are not lacking in any gift

awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,

(8) (8) who will also confirm you to the endwho will also confirm you to the end

blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Step 3 – Identify the phrasesStep 3 – Identify the phrasesFAITHFULNESS OF GODFAITHFULNESS OF GOD

(9) (9) God is faithfulGod is faithful

through whom you were called into fellowship with His Sonthrough whom you were called into fellowship with His Son

Jesus Christ our Lord.Jesus Christ our Lord.

Step 4/5 – Identify the main phrase(s) and Step 4/5 – Identify the main phrase(s) and modifying phrases – lay out visuallymodifying phrases – lay out visually

THANKFULNESS FOR GRACETHANKFULNESS FOR GRACE

(4) (4) I thank my God always concerning youI thank my God always concerning you

for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus,

(5) (5) that in everything you were enriched in Himthat in everything you were enriched in Him

in all speech and all knowledge,in all speech and all knowledge,

(6) (6) even as the testimony concerning Christ was even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you,confirmed in you,

(7) (7) so that you are not lacking in any giftso that you are not lacking in any gift

awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ,Jesus Christ,

(8) (8) who will also confirm you to the endwho will also confirm you to the end

blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Step 4/5 – Identify the main phrase(s) and Step 4/5 – Identify the main phrase(s) and modifying phrases – lay out visuallymodifying phrases – lay out visually


(9) (9) God is faithfulGod is faithful

through whom you were called into fellowship with His Sonthrough whom you were called into fellowship with His Son

Jesus Christ our Lord.Jesus Christ our Lord.

Previews of coming attractionsPreviews of coming attractions

Sometimes it is hard in English to “see” Sometimes it is hard in English to “see” the relationships between phrases & the relationships between phrases & clauses.clauses.Do the best you can for now, but know in Do the best you can for now, but know in the future we will be “peeking” at the the future we will be “peeking” at the Greek underneath the English. The Greek Greek underneath the English. The Greek usually makes the relationships between usually makes the relationships between phrases much more clear than the English phrases much more clear than the English text.text.

HomeworkHomework

Do the exercises in chapter 8 of Do the exercises in chapter 8 of Greek for Greek for the Rest of Us the Rest of Us (Green book)(Green book)

Read chapters 9-12 in Read chapters 9-12 in Greek for the Rest Greek for the Rest of Us of Us (Green book)(Green book)

Practice phrasing!Practice phrasing!

Advanced ClassAdvanced Class

Class #4Class #4

Greek Nouns – Genitive & Dative Greek Nouns – Genitive & Dative CasesCases

Overview of Greek NounsOverview of Greek Nouns

StemStem

DeclensionDeclension

CaseCase

NumberNumber

GenderGender

Greek CasesGreek Cases

Greek has five cases:Greek has five cases: Nominative case – identifies the subjectNominative case – identifies the subject Genitive case – usually indicates possessionGenitive case – usually indicates possession Dative case – usually identifies the indirect Dative case – usually identifies the indirect

objectobject Accusative case – usually identifies the direct Accusative case – usually identifies the direct

objectobject Vocative case – the case for direct addressVocative case – the case for direct address

Paradigm chartParadigm chart22 11 22

MasculineMasculine FeminineFeminine neuterneuter

Nom sgNom sg jj -- -- nn

Acc sgAcc sg nn nn nn nn

Nom plNom pl ii ii ii aa

Acc plAcc pl ujuj jj jj aa



Nom sgNom sg oojj hh aa oonn

Acc sgAcc sg oonn hhnn aann oonn

Nom plNom pl ooii aaii aaii aa

Acc plAcc pl ooujuj aajj aajj aa



Nom sgNom sg lo,golo,gojj grafh,grafh, w-raw-ra e;rgoe;rgonn

Acc sgAcc sg lo,golo,gonn grafh,grafh,nn

w-raw-rann e;rgoe;rgonn

Nom plNom pl lo,golo,goii grafagrafaii,, w-raw-raii e;rge;rgaa

Acc plAcc pl lo,golo,goujuj grafa,grafa,jj w-raw-rajj e;rge;rgaa

Noun RulesNoun Rules

1.1. Stems ending in alpha or eta are in the Stems ending in alpha or eta are in the first declension, stems ending in omicron first declension, stems ending in omicron are in the second, and consonantal are in the second, and consonantal stems are in the third declension.stems are in the third declension.

2.2. Every neuter word has the same form in Every neuter word has the same form in the nominative and accusative.the nominative and accusative.

3.3. Almost all neuter words end in alpha in Almost all neuter words end in alpha in the nominative and accusative plural.the nominative and accusative plural.

Paradigm chartParadigm chart

22 11 22


Nom sgNom sg oò` h`h` to,to,

Acc sgAcc sg to,nto,n th,nth,n to,to,

Nom plNom pl oiòi` aiài` ta,ta,

Acc plAcc pl tou,jtou,j ta,jta,j ta,ta,

More Greek CasesMore Greek Cases

Genitive CaseGenitive Case

Dative CaseDative Case


Genitive CaseGenitive Case The “of” case – the son The “of” case – the son ofof God, the love God, the love ofof

ChristChrist Often indicates possessionOften indicates possession Greek does not use the apostrophe to indicate Greek does not use the apostrophe to indicate

possession (Christ’s love, God’s son)possession (Christ’s love, God’s son) uu is the singular ending, is the singular ending, wnwn is the plural ending is the plural ending The word in the genitive usually follows the The word in the genitive usually follows the

word it is modifying (word it is modifying (ui`o.j tou/ qeou/). The word it modifies is called the head noun.


Dative CaseDative Case The “to,” “in,” and “with” case.The “to,” “in,” and “with” case. Often it functions as the indirect object. An Often it functions as the indirect object. An

indirect object in Greek uses the dative case.indirect object in Greek uses the dative case. ii is the dative singular case ending and is the dative singular case ending and ijij is is

the dative plural ending.the dative plural ending. In the singular, the stem vowel lengthens and In the singular, the stem vowel lengthens and

the iota subscripts:the iota subscripts:basileiabasileia + + ii = = basileia|basileia|logologo + + ii = = logw|logw|

ParadigmParadigm22 11 22

MasculineMasculine FeminineFeminine NeuterNeuter

Nom sgNom sg lo,golo,gojj grafh,grafh, w-raw-ra e;rgoe;rgonn

Gen sgGen sg lo,golo,gouu grafh/grafh/jj w-raw-rajj e;rgoe;rgouu

Dat sgDat sg lo,gwlo,gw|| grafh/grafh/|| w-raw-ra|| e;rgowe;rgow||

Acc sgAcc sg lo,golo,gonn grafh,grafh,nn

w-raw-rann e;rgoe;rgonn

Nom plNom pl lo,golo,goii grafagrafaii,, e;rge;rgaa

Gen plGen pl lo,glo,gwnwn grafgrafww//nn

e;rge;rgwnwn

Dat plDat pl lo,golo,goijij grafagrafaii//jj

e;rgoe;rgoijij

Acc plAcc pl lo,golo,goujuj grafa,grafa,jj e;rge;rgaa

ParadigmParadigm

22 11 22


Nom sgNom sg oò` h`h` to,to,

Gen sgGen sg tou/tou/ th/jth/j tou/tou/

Dat sgDat sg tw|tw| th|/th|/ tw|tw|

Acc sgAcc sg to,nto,n th,nth,n to,to,

Nom plNom pl oiòi` aiài` ta,ta,

Gen plGen pl tw/ntw/n tw/ntw/n tw/ntw/n

Dat plDat pl toi/jtoi/j tai/jtai/j toi/jtoi/j

Acc plAcc pl tou,jtou,j ta,jta,j ta,ta,

Noun RulesNoun Rules

1.1. Stems ending in alpha or eta are in the first Stems ending in alpha or eta are in the first declension, stems ending in omicron are in the declension, stems ending in omicron are in the second, and consonantal stems are in the third second, and consonantal stems are in the third declension.declension.

2.2. Every neuter word has the same form in the Every neuter word has the same form in the nominative and accusative.nominative and accusative.

3.3. Almost all neuter words end in alpha in the Almost all neuter words end in alpha in the nominative and accusative plural.nominative and accusative plural.

4.4. In the dative singular, the iota subscripts if possible.In the dative singular, the iota subscripts if possible.5.5. Vowels often change their length (ablaut).Vowels often change their length (ablaut).6.6. In the genitive and dative, the masculine and neuter In the genitive and dative, the masculine and neuter

will always be identical.will always be identical.

Partially Declined Words Partially Declined Words

Some words are not fully declined or Some words are not fully declined or follow rare patterns.follow rare patterns.

Be especially aware that proper nouns Be especially aware that proper nouns (names) often fall into this category.(names) often fall into this category.

Translation HelpsTranslation Helps

Be sure to use your key words when you Be sure to use your key words when you translate a word in the genitive or dative.translate a word in the genitive or dative.

Whenever you see a noun, do not stop but Whenever you see a noun, do not stop but look to see if there is a word in the genitive look to see if there is a word in the genitive following it.following it.

Be sure to keep the article with the noun it Be sure to keep the article with the noun it goes with. Also keep the genitive and its goes with. Also keep the genitive and its article with the noun it modifies.article with the noun it modifies.

PrepositionsPrepositions

A preposition is a word that indicates the A preposition is a word that indicates the relationship between two words (on, relationship between two words (on, under, over, with, before, in)under, over, with, before, in)

The word that follows the preposition is The word that follows the preposition is called the called the object of the prepositionobject of the preposition (on the (on the chair, under the table)chair, under the table)

The entire phrase that begins with a The entire phrase that begins with a preposition is called a preposition is called a prepositional phraseprepositional phrase

Greek PrepositionsGreek Prepositions

Greek prepositions are basically the same as Greek prepositions are basically the same as English prepositions, except that the English prepositions, except that the meaning of meaning of a preposition depends on the case of its objecta preposition depends on the case of its object .. dia,dia, = “through” if its object is in the genitive = “through” if its object is in the genitive dia,dia, = “on account of” if its object is in the accusative = “on account of” if its object is in the accusative

Some prepositions always take an object in a Some prepositions always take an object in a certain case (certain case (enen always takes the dative) always takes the dative)When an object of a preposition is in the dative When an object of a preposition is in the dative or genitive, do not translate it with the usual “key or genitive, do not translate it with the usual “key words.”words.” avpo. qeou/avpo. qeou/ = “from God,” not “from of God” = “from God,” not “from of God”

Greek PrepositionsGreek Prepositions

Sometimes, if a preposition ends in a Sometimes, if a preposition ends in a vowel and the word that follows begins vowel and the word that follows begins with a vowel, the vowel on the end of the with a vowel, the vowel on the end of the preposition drops out. An apostrophe preposition drops out. An apostrophe replaces it. This is called elisionreplaces it. This is called elision For example, For example, meta. auvto,nmeta. auvto,n = = met’ auvto,nmet’ auvto,n

When memorizing prepositions, use the When memorizing prepositions, use the formula: ____ with the ____ means ____.formula: ____ with the ____ means ____. evnevn with the with the dativedative means means inin.. dia, dia, with the with the genitivegenitive means means throughthrough..

Dependent ClausesDependent Clauses

In Greek, In Greek, i`nai`na and and o[tio[ti are words that are words that introduce dependent clauses.introduce dependent clauses.

A dependent clause is a collection of A dependent clause is a collection of words that cannot stand on its own. words that cannot stand on its own.

eivmi,eivmi,

eivmi eivmi is the most common verb in Greek is the most common verb in Greek and it needs to be memorized.and it needs to be memorized.

11stst sg sg eivmi,eivmi, I amI am

22ndnd sg sg ei=ei= You areYou are

33rdrd sg sg evsti,evsti,((nn)) He/she/it isHe/she/it is

11stst pl pl evsme,nevsme,n We areWe are

22ndnd pl pl evste,evste, You areYou are

33rdrd pl pl eivsi,neivsi,n They areThey are

PracticePractice

h` avga,ph tou/ Cristou/fwnh. tou/ ui`ou/ tou/ qeouauvtoi. to.n qeo.n o;yontai (they will see)

evte,lesen (he/she/it finished) o` VIhsou/j tou.j lo,gouje;rcetai eivj oi=konku,rioj ga,r evstin tou/ sabba,tou o` ui`o.j tou/ avnqrw,pou

HomeworkHomework

Read chapters 8-10 in Read chapters 8-10 in Basics of Biblical Basics of Biblical GreekGreek (blue book) (blue book)

Learn the vocabulary words in chapters 7 Learn the vocabulary words in chapters 7 & 8 in & 8 in Basics of Biblical GreekBasics of Biblical Greek (blue book) (blue book)

Do the workbook exercises for chapters 7-Do the workbook exercises for chapters 7-88

Beginning Greek for Bible Study

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Transcript of Beginning Greek for Bible Study