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2008 Wellesley Information Services. All rights reserved.
VC 101: A Beginners Guide toVariant Configuration
Jean-Yves PopovicADELANTE
1
What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
2
Why Are We Here?
If you manufacture complex products, or multi-variantproducts
If you need to offer your customers high levels of
customization (configuration) If you cant possibly keep all poss ible variants in stock,
but you need flexibil ity and fast reaction to marketdemand
If Sales, Engineering, Planning, and Production areoverwhelmed with an enormous amount of data tocreate and maintain
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3
Why Are We Here? (cont.)
Then you need to streamline the information flowacross your organization using SAP VariantConfiguration (VC)
This session will walk you through the steps of buildinga simple VC model
4
Who Should Use Variant Configuration?
Example of industri es relevant to SAP VC:
Aircraft
Bicycle
Motorcycles
ElevatorSystems
PCs
Pumps
Furniture
Product
Complexity
Mass
Production
Automobiles
5
What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
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6
Why Variant Configuration (VC)?
Why should VC be used:
Example: You operate a SUBWAY franchise, you run SAP,your prici ng and lead time must be based on the exactorder (options)
The options youll be asked for the Italian B.M.T. are:
- 6
- 12
BreadLength - pepper
- onion
- olive
- lettuce
- cucumber
Toppings
- vinaigrette
- ranch
- caesar
Dressing
-Yes
- No
Grilled?- Regular
- Italian
- Herbs
- Oat and
Honey
Bread
(choose exactly one) (choose exactly one) (choose one
or none)
(choose exactly one)(choose any
combination)
& & & &
4 2 32 4 2x x x x(any + none) (3 + 1)
= 2,048 variants!!
7
Why Variant Configuration (VC)? (cont.)
In this example (and if there are no other restrictions),your organization wou ld need to create and maintain2,048 data sets (Material Masters, BOMs, Task Lis ts,Costing, and Pricing records)!
Plus:
Maintenance: One more dressing option would add 512 newdata sets
Sales Order entry: Which material number to enter?
New rules or restrictions (Example: If Italian bread chosen,
dressingmust be
vinaigr ette, etc.)
Issue
8
VC Concepts and Functionalities
Process flow:
Sales Quote Prod Order
Purch Order
Sales/Customer Services Engineering Production/Procurement
Order BOM
Sales Order
body
body
seats
car
bodyinterior
seats dashboard
Super BOM
Op.30
Op.20
car
Op.10
Super Routing
+ +
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9
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Super-BOM
Italian B.M.T.
Italian
Bread
Herbs
Bread
Oat & Honey
Bread
Cucumber
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Oat & Honey
6
12
Pepper
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Cucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.
Qty: 1
Regular
Bread
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Pepper
Yes
Grilled?
No
Qty = 1
Qty = 1
Qty = 1
Qty = 1
Qty = 0.5
How does it work? Dependencies!
10
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Super Task Li st (Routing)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Oat & Honey
6
12
Pepper
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Cucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.
Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?
No
10 sec.
12 sec.
20 sec.
11
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Super Task L ist (Routing) (cont.)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Oat & Honey
6
12
Pepper
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Cucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.
Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?
No
10 sec.
12 sec.
20 sec.
5 sec.
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12
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Super Task L ist (Routing) (cont.)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Oat & Honey
6
12
Pepper
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Cucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.
Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?
No
12 sec.
20 sec.
5 sec.
8 sec.
13
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Oat & Honey
6
12
Pepper
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Cucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.
Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?
No
20 sec.
5 sec.
8 sec.
How does it work? Dependencies!
14
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Multi-level Bills Of Materials:
For more complex products, configuration can be done atany BOM level
Characteristic values can be passed from any level to anylevel
Purchase Orders for lower level materials can therefore beconfigured
car
engine bodyinterior
seats
fabric frame
dashboard
Color = blue
Color = blue Production Order
Purchase Order
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15
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Dimensions (geometrical measures) can beconfigured and inferred
Example: Window si ze: width= (2 x w1) + w2
3 variables, one equation
Any 2 var iab les must be assigned values (not al l of 3)
Last value is in ferred*
width
w1 w2
* need to use Constraints
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
Price configuration:
Pricing in SD (based on conditions) will read the characteristicvalues of a configurable material
Price is therefore dynamically calculated duri ng configu rationin the Sales Order entry sc reen
More details in Exploiting Variant Configuration for Use inAdvanced Planning and Modeling session
16
17
Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Type: 300
6
Characteristic: Length
12
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material Master
Material Type: KMAT
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Variant Class:
Configuration
Profile
Super
BOM
Super
Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)
Selection Condition (SC)
Procedures (P)
Constraints (C)
Op. 10
Op. 20
Item 10:
Item 20:
Pricing
Conditions
...
Order BOM
BOM explosion
User Interface
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18
Which SAP Applications Use VC?
Configurable object types
Sales Orders and Product ion Orders (SD and PP)
Sales Order is configured
Order BOM (or not)
Configuration results passed to Production Order
Maintenance Order (PM) Network Order (PS)
Purchase Orders (MM):
Material or Services
19
What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
20
Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Type: 300
6
Characteristic: Length
12
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material Master
Material Type: KMAT
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Variant Class:
Configuration
Profile
Super
BOM
Super
Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)
Selection Condition (SC)
Procedures (P)
Constraints (C)
Op. 10 ...
Op. 20 ...
Item 10: ...
Item 20: ...
Pricing
Conditions
...
Order BOM
BOM explosion
User Interface
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Classification: Characteristics
Characteristics are standard SAP Classification objects
They represent the possible options you will need toset when configuring a product
VC is about assigning values to characteristics (valueassignment)
Values can also be deducted and/or inherited
21
Classification: Characteristics (cont.)
Example of characteristics and value assignments:
[Type of engine]
Possible values: 4 cylinder, V6, V8
[Length of shaft]
Any value wi th in the range 3040 CM
[Gloss finish?]
Yes or No
[Toppings]
Pepper, Olive, Onion, etc.
22
23
Classification: System Menu
Variant Configuration menu is in Logistics CentralFunctions
Characteristics maintenance: transaction CT04
Classes maintenance: transaction CL02
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24
Classification: Characteristics
Characteristics maintenance
FORMAT:
Numeric:
Length, weight, etc.
May be used forcalculations
Has a Unit of Measure
Character: alphanumeric
Note: other formats (Date, Time Currency)
are not allowed in VC
For numeric formats only
Enforces value assignment
25
Classification: Characteristics (cont.)
Al lowed values:
Specific value(s)
Interval(s)
100-200
Combinations
= 200
Default Value
Other values can be assigned
(format must be respected)
26
Classification: Characteristics (cont.)
Others:
Reference Characteristic:
Refer to a table field
Link to a Document (CAD
drawing, JPEG picture, Worddocument, etc.)
Values can also be assignedto Documents
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27
Classification: Reference Characteristics
Reference Characteristics:
Refer to a table field
Example: Characteristic BOM_QTY refers to table-fieldSTPO-MENGE
Two functions:
Read i nformation Example: Read PLANT or CUSTOMER (because value
assignment may be dependent on those)
Change field content with dependencies:
Change BOM quantity or Operation Duration (based on
value assignment)
28
Classification: Reference Characteristics (cont.)
STPO: BOM item fields
PLPO: Operation fields (Routing)
PLFH: PRT fields
PLFL: Sequence fields
SDCOM: Structure between SD and VC
MMCOM: Structure between MM and VC
VBAK: Sales Order header data
VBAP: Sales Order Item data
VBKD: Commercial dataMAEPV: Material Master data
MAAPV: Material Master fields
VEDA: Contract data
VBPA_XX: Partner tables (sold-to, ship-to, bill-to, payer)
Tables whose field values can be changedby dependencies:
Tables whose field values can be readby dependencies:
29
Classification: Classes
Variant Class:
Classes mostl y group together characteristics
One characteristic can be assigned to many classes
Classes of class type 300 coll ect and manage thecharacteristics to which you assign values in the Sales Order
Transaction CL02: (create/change/display)
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30
Classification: Class Maintenance
Class: Basic Data
Class: Characteristic assignment
31
Classification: Class Maintenance (cont.)
32
What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
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33
Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Type: 300
6
Characteristic: Length
12
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material Master
Material Type: KMAT
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Variant Class:
Configuration
Profile
Super
BOM
Super
Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)
Selection Condition (SC)
Procedures (P)
Constraints (C)
Op. 10
Op. 20
Item 10:
Item 20:
Pricing
Conditions
...
Order BOM
BOM explosion
User Interface
34
Master Data: Material Master
Basic Data view:
Configurable Material flag
Material Type KMAT has flag set by default
Classification:
Assign var iant c lass
Sales view: Item Category group (0002 or 0004)
MRP views:
MRP type: no t ND
Lot si ze: EX
Strategy group
Basic Data 2 view:
Classification view:
35
Master Data: Material Master (cont.)
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Master Data: Material Master (cont.)
Sales org. 2 view:
37
Master Data: BOM
Super BOM:
Regular BOM that contains all possible components for allpossible variants
Dependencies will act as filters
Item category:
L: Stock item
N: Non-stock item (example: nextlevel configurable material)
K: Class item (use class type 200)
R: Variable-size item
38
Master Data: BOM (cont.)
Transaction CS01/CS02/CS03:
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Master Data: BOM (cont.)
Class item (category K) (aka Class node)
You assign a class (type 200) as a BOM item
Example: Class: COLOR
Characteristic: COLOR
Possible values: Blue, Red, Green
You assign this class to materials (possible components) andclassify them:
Material Raw1 Blue
Material Raw2 Red
Material Raw3 Green
During value assignment (configuration), you assign a valueto this item (example: Red), and the BOM component isdetermined accordingl y
39
Master Data: BOM (cont.)
Class nodes are a simple way to handle some basicproduct configuration (without using ObjectDependencies)
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Master Data: Task List (Routing)
Super Routing :
Same principle as Super BOM
Regular routing that contains all possible sequences,
operationsand PRTsfor all possibl e variants Dependencies will act as filters
Note that dependencies can be assigned to sequences(alternative and parall el), operations, and PRTs
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42
Master Data: Task Li st (Routing) (cont.)
Transaction CA01/CA02/CA03:
43
What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
44
Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Type: 300
6
Characteristic: Length
12
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material Master
Material Type: KMAT
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Variant Class:
Configuration
Profile
Super
BOM
Super
Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)
Selection Condition (SC)
Procedures (P)
Constraints (C)
Op. 10 ...
Op. 20 ...
Item 10: ...
Item 20: ...
Pricing
Conditions
...
Order BOM
BOM explosion
User Interface
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Object Dependencies
Precondition:
Cana characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?
Selection condition:
Musta characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?
Procedures Infervalues (including to reference characteristics)
Recursive, in sequence
Constraints (see VC Advanced presentation) Infervalues, and consistencycheck
Assigned to con figurat ion profi le only
46
Object Dependencies: Precondition
Precondition:
Cana characteristi c (or char. value) be selected?
Assigned to:
Characteristic
Characteristic value
Examples:
Characteristic TANDEM_SADDLE appears in the valueassignment screen only if BIKE_MODEL = Tandem
Characteristic value 21 gears of characteristic GEARS
appears only if BIKE_MODEL = Mountain
47
Object Dependencies: Selection Condition
Selection Condition:
Musta characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?
Assigned to:
Characteristic value BOM items, Routing (operation, sub-operation,
sequence, PRT)
Examples:
BOM item Italian bread selected if BREAD_TYPE = ItalianBread
Characteristic SPEAKER_TYPE selected on ly i f OPTION = STEREO System
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Object Dependencies: Procedures
Procedures
Infervalues (including to reference characteristics)
Recursiveness (in sequence), and can be overwritt en
Assigned to:
Characteristic and characteristic values
BOM items (for example, to change the quantity)
Routing operations (for example, to change standard values)
Examples:
BOM quantity of BREAD is 0.5 if BREAD_SIZE = 6
Operation Preparation is 5 seconds if one topping, 10seconds if two toppings, etc.
Characteristic value of BREAKING_SYSTEM is set to ABS ifCAR_ENGINE is set to V6 or V8
Object Dependencies: Dependency Editor
Not ABAP, not a programming language (more like ascript)
Operators: AND, OR, NOT, IF, >, ,
Ar ithmetic expressions:
+ , - , * , /
Standard functions: cos, sin, ceil, floor, etc.
Object variables:
$root: refers to header material in a configuration
$self: refers to the current object
$parent: refers to instance above $self
Note that ABAP function modules can be called independencies as variant functions
49
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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition
In our Italian B.M.T. example:
Lets assign Selection Conditions to each of the BOM items:
Double click
Syntax check
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51
Object Dependencies: Selection Condition (cont.)
In our Italian B.M.T. example: (cont.)
Lets assign Selection Conditions to Operations:
Double
click
52
Object Dependencies: Selection Condition (cont.)
Lets set the Pick and Slice bread operation time to:
5 seconds i f bread size = 6
20 seconds i f bread size = 24
(Else time remains 10 seconds)
In the routing, operation 10, click on Object DependencyProcedure
53
Object Dependency: Recap
Assigned toBOM item
Routing Op.Characteristic
CharacteristicValue
Pre-
condition(PC)
Canacharacteristic
(or char.value) beselected?
N/A Ex.: Char.Tandem_saddle appearsas selectable only if
BIKE_MODEL= Tandem
Ex. Value 21 gears (ofchar. GEARS) appears asselectable only if
BIKE_MODEL = Mount ain
SelectionCondition
(SC)
Musta char.(or char.Value) beselected?
Ex.: BOM item RacingHandlebar selected ifBIKE_MODEL = Racing
Ex.: Operation InstallModem selected ifEXTRAS = Modem
Ex.: Char.TANDEM_SADDLE mustbe assigned a value ifBIKE_MODEL = Tandem
N/A
Procedure
(P)
Infervalues,includingreferencedata(overwrite,recursive)
Ex.: If VERSION = PCDeluxe, then there aretwo DVD Drive (BOM qty)
Ex.: If FINISH = Gloss,then Op.Time = Op.Time +10 minutes
Ex.: If Char. ACCESSORIESselected, then BOMquantity of item SHIPPINGBOX set to 2.
Ex.: Char. value of char.BRAKING SYSTEM is setto ABS if ENGINE_TYPE= V6 or V8
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54
What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
55
Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
Regular
Italian
Herbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Type: 300
6
Characteristic: Length
12
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material Master
Material Type: KMAT
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.
Variant Class:
Configuration
Profile
Super
BOM
Super
Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)
Selection Condition (SC)
Procedures (P)
Constraints (C)
Op. 10..
Op. 20 ..
Item 10: ..
Item 20: ..
Pricing
Conditions
..
Order BOM
BOM explosion
User Interface
56
Configuration Profile
Defines the configuration scenario:
PldOrder
Order Set
Order BOM Multi-level configuration
User Interface design:
Al lowed screen, defaul t sc reen
Availabi li ty Checks
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Configuration Profile: Example
Transactions CU41/CU42/CU43:
Configuration Profile: Example (cont.)
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priority
description class type
Detail screen:
then SAVENote: More will be covered in the Exploiting Variant Configuration forUse in Advanced Planning and Modeling session
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What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
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Simulation
Our model is now functional
Transaction CU50 allows us to simulate ourconfiguration:
Value
Assignment
(Configuration)
Simulation (cont.)
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Simulation (cont.)
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Simulation (cont.)
RESULT
(BOM)
RESULT
(Routing)
Italian Bread QTY = 1
Two operations
Op.10 Std Value = 10 sec
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Simulation (cont.)
Back to
configuration screen:
24 (double)
No grill
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Simulation (cont.)
RESULT
(BOM)
RESULT
(Routing)
Italian Bread QTY = 2
Op. 20 (grill) not selected
Op. 10 Std Value = 20 sec
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What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
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Configuration Cockpit
Transaction PMEVC
One of the difficulties in VC, when modeling, was tohave all the information available at your fingertips (i.e.,without having five sessions opened!)
This cockpi t solves that issue: It allows you to navigatethrough all relevant objects (characteristics ,dependencies, )
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Configuration Cockpit (cont.)
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Other Topics (Addressed in a Subsequent Presentation)
Variant Pricing (SD, MM)
Material Variants (Type Matching)
More on Object Dependencies Constraints, Variant Tables
Configuration scenarios: Order BOMs, Order Set (CU51)
Process flow: Sales Order, Engineering,
Multi-level Configuration
Planning for VC Make-to-Stock? Make-to-Order? Eng ineer-to-Order?
Assemble-to-Order?
Planning Strategies
Characteristics Based planning
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Other Topics (Addressed in a Subsequent
Presentation) (cont.) Engineering Change Management (ECM) and Order
Change Management (OCM)
Technical:
Client management
Performance issues
Sales Configuration Engine (SCE) and Internet Pricingand Configuration (IPC)
Modeling tips
Variant Configuration Project
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What Well Cover
Introduction
Variant Configuration concepts
Classification
Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists
Object dependencies
Configuration profiles
Simulation
Other topics
Wrap-up
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Resources
http://help.sap.com
http: //help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/92/58d455417011d189ec0000e81ddfac/frameset.htm
SAP PLM145 course Variant Configuration: Modelingand Integration
7 Key Points to Take Home
You now understand the working principles of SAP VC,and you are able to buil d a simple, working model
but you feel that you just touched the tip of theiceberg
SAP VC is a powerful and flexible tool , and can be quitecomplex
SAP VC spans the whole organization (sales,engineering, production , etc.)
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7 Key Points to Take Home (cont.)
It is obvious that a VC project is not just implementinganother module
There are many ways to make VC work for you, but the
goal is to find the optimalway (functionalities,performance, maintenance, etc.)
You need to learn more in our next session
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Your Turn!
How to contact me:Jean-Yves Popovic
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