BEFS SADC Summary Final APRIL302012 3 · BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 6 ˇ ˛...
Transcript of BEFS SADC Summary Final APRIL302012 3 · BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 6 ˇ ˛...
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 4
������%����� �� ���������� �� �"�� �������������!0$����������6 ���� �The countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have been the subject of growing interest from investors wanting to develop bioenergy projects. Several SADC governments have already drawn up plans to encourage bioenergy development at the national level. As SADC countries become more economically integrated there is an expectation that biofuels and bioenergy could become regionally traded energy commodities. In response to these developments and in light of the common desire of SADC countries to ensure that bioenergy development at the regional level will be sustainable, SADC adopted a Framework for Sustainable Biofuels in December 2009. Together, the SADC Secretariat and FAO organized the BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum from 22-24 February 2012 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to reflect on the current status of bioenergy development in SADC and improve the capacity of policy makers from each of the SADC countries to evaluate bioenergy developments at the national and regional level using the FAO Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Analytical Framework. The final program of the Forum is included at Annex 1. The full list of participants that were present at the Forum is included at Annex 2. ������(�)����*���The objectives of the Forum were to: a) Improve the capacity of SADC policy makers to align national bioenergy development
with national food security goals based on the FAO BEFS framework; b) Identify how BEFS and BEFSCI assists countries in implementing the SADC Framework
for Sustainable Biofuels at the national level; and c) Identify ways to strengthen regional cooperation on bioenergy issuesAs part of the
Forum program, FAO will be providing detailed instruction on the BEFS analytical framework and BEFS criteria and indicators (BEFSCI).
To meet these objectives the participants were provided detailed instruction on the BEFS analytical framework and BEFS criteria and indicators (BEFSCI). In addition, during a number of supplementary interactive sessions participants were asked to consider how BEFS and BEFSCI might be applied to support sustainable bioenergy in SADC and further action under the SADC Framework for Sustainable Biofuels. The outcomes of these sessions have been provided in detail in this summary report.
��������������������� ������ �������(""�������������Mr. Freddie Motlhatlhedi, Senior Programme Officer - Energy, SADC Secretariat, and Mr. Lot Mlati, Assistant Representative, FAO South Africa, opened the Forum and welcomed all participants. Mr. Motlhatlhedi then requested the participants to agree to the proposed program for the Forum. The program was subsequently agreed without further discussion. 8� ������������ �������6�� ��������"��!0$��������6�"����������������"�����Mr. Freddie Motlhatlhedi, Senior Programme Officer - Energy, SADC Secretariat, provided an overview of the regional bioenergy outlook and status of the SADC Framework for Sustainable Biofuels. Presentation Summary – Of the 250 million people in the SADC region, 30 percent have no access to electricity and up to 75 percent rely on traditional wood biomass for basic energy services. To tackle this issue SADC is implementing the SADC Regional Energy Access Strategy and Action Plan. Related to this initiative is SADC’s continuing work in coordinating the SADC Regional Biofuels Taskforce, which was established in 2008.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 5
There has been continued interest from investors in the region wanting to develop modern bioenergy projects including biofuels. Several SADC member states have already drawn up plans to encourage bioenergy development at the national level. In May 2011, SADC Energy Ministers agreed that SADC Member States would develop national biofuels policies, strategies and guidelines based on the SADC Framework for Sustainable Biofuels and the SADC Biofuels Crop Decision Making Tool, which were adopted in 2010. At a subsequent meeting of the SADC Regional Biofuels Taskforce those member states present (Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe) agreed to submit updates of their progress toward developing these national biofuel policies by the end of March 2012. Progress in developing these policies has generally been slow with a lack of capacity and skills to develop national bioenergy plans cited as a major constraint. ,���� �������� ���)����*���Mr. Beau Damen, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of the Forum objectives and structure. Presentation Summary - The basic structure of the Forum is detailed in Figure 1. During the presentation it was explained that a number of the Forum sessions contained embedded learning programs with specific learning objectives. A summary of the learning program and the specific learning objectives of each capacity development session are included at Annex 3. The participant’s progress toward meeting the learning objectives embedded in the Forum program was assessed during the closing session of the Forum with a detailed program evaluation survey. The results of this survey are included at Annex 10.
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 6
������������������� �� ���� ���������9�2��:��������6��!(��2���!��������������6�Mr. Beau Damen, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided a detailed presentation on the FAO BEFS Analytical Framework. Presentation Summary – Governments around the world are supporting a modern bioenergy develoments such as biofuels to obtain a range of perceived benefits including energy security, reduced greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector and increased employment and rural development. Because government resources are limited, policy choices to support bioenergy involve trade-offs. Government action to promote bioenergy may limit other strategies to achieve similar development objectives. Also, because of information gaps, bioenergy policies designed to achieve one set of development objectives can result in unintended consequences. Perhaps the clearest and most serious example of the trade-offs associated with bioenergy development is its potential to influence food prices and food security. FAO’s Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) initiative aims to assist policy makers assess the interplay between natural resource availability, bioenergy production potential, rural development and food security and strengthen their capacity to manage the trade-offs associated with bioenergy development. According to FAO’s BEFS Analytical Framework, bioenergy affects food security primarily through two channels. First, bioenergy competes for resources used in food production such as land, water and labor. Competition between the food and bioenergy sectors for these resources will invariably increase the cost of food production and food prices, at least in the short term. In general, higher food prices will pose an immediate threat to the livelihoods and food security of poor net food buyers who spend a very large share of household expenditures on food.
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The second channel by which bioenergy interventions can impact food security is through changes in agricultural productivity, biomass utilization and other factors that influence food security, such as economic growth and employment. For example, if higher food and agricultural prices motivate governments, there is potential for bioenergy development to result in gains for agricultural output and food security via donor and private sector
Natural Resources
AgricultureAgro-
industry
Agricultural Productivity
Food Security: Access and Availability- Poverty Reduction- Wages and Employment- Prices- Rural Development
Bioenergy Investment
Natural Resource Analysis-Land Assessment-Water Resource Management-Woody Biomass & Residues
Techno -economic and Environmental Analysis
-Production Costs-Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Socio -economic Analysis -Household Food Security- Economy -wide Impacts
Diagnostic Analysis -Agricultural Outlook
BEFS Tool BoxBEFS Analytical Framework
What are the current needs and challenges facing the
energy and agriculture sectors?
Which bioenergytechnologies are feasible and
cost effective?
What is the environmental impact of different bioenergy
production chains?
What are the natural resourcesavailable for bioenergy
production?
How will changes in food prices affect households?
What is the impact of bioenergy development on
the national economy?
Key questions
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 7
investment. Investment that increases agricultural output per unit of input and encourages the sustainable utilization of food system resources could benefit rural communities and food security. These impacts generally manifest themselves over a longer time period. BEFS supports policy by providing the means to conduct a holistic assessment of different bio-energy development pathways. Data, information and analysis is produced using a range of established tools and methodologies such as the FAO commodities simulation forecasting model (COSIMO), land suitability assessment, virtual water footprint analysis, life cycle assessment and computable general equilibrium modeling. These tools were the focus of the following session on BEFS in detail. ,�������*������������������� � �*���'������ �'������� �.�""��The participants were asked to form five groups and identify existing and planned bioenergy developments in the SADC region. The participants were then asked to consider the benefits and risks associated with bioenergy development in the region. An overview of these group discussions is included at Annex 4.
��������>����2������0�����&� ���������������������� �������� � �*���'�����Mr. Renato Cumani, Environment Officer, FAO, provided an overview of the land suitability assessment tool and methodologies developed by FAO and how these can be applied to assess bioenergy development in SADC. Presentation Summary – FAO developed the Agro-ecological zoning methodology to provide a standardized framework to assist with decisions regarding different land use options. Underpinning agro-ecological zoning is the land resource inventory and land suitability assessment. The land resource inventory collects a wide range of data on climatic, soil, terrain and water resources. Land suitability assessment produces suitability ratings for specific crops in different locations using information on different land utilization types and an assessment of the specific crop’s agro-climatic, agro-edaphic and landform suitability. FAO has developed a number software tools to assist policy makers and land management specialists undertake land resource inventories and land suitability assessments. #�����'�����"�������� � �*���'�����������������������Mr. Deogratias Mulungu, University of Dar es Salaam, provided an overview of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and how the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) can be used to evaluate the impact of different bioenergy developments on water systems. Presentation Summary – IWRM is a process that promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources. IWRM is being encouraged in the Wami Basin in Tanzania with the assistance of WEAP. The Wami basin in Tanzania has been identified as an area for the expansion of bioenergy crops including sugarcane and sorghum. WEAP has been employed to assess the different potential water utilization scenarios associated with these bioenergy developments. After applying WEAP it was found that bioenergy development would result in significant water demand and have a number of
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 8
flow-on impacts if not properly managed. These impacts include reduced river flow and groundwater recharge, reduced blue water due to industrial effluent pollutants and a reduction in the quality of water discharged into the Indian Ocean Estuary. �������*������������������Mr. Florian Steierier, Wood Energy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of how to conduct biomass availability assessments that facilitate sound decisions regarding biomass extraction for bioenergy production. Presentation Summary – The biomass that can be utilized for bioenergy production includes a range of sources such as woody biomass, agricultural residues and agro-processing residues. Reliable, comprehensive information on biomass demand and supply is generally difficult to collect because it is cross-sector in nature, it is geographically scattered, it is traded in informal markets and supply and demand is often decentralized. Biomass availability assessments aim to bring together information on biomass supply and demand from these disparate sources and integrate them into an accessible and understandable format. Using its Wood Fuel Integrated Supply and Demand Overview Mapping (WISDOM) tool as a basis, FAO is working to aggregate a range of approaches to better map biomass supply and demand and issues or hotspots requiring the attention of policy makers. #�������� *������� � � ����.�""����*������ �"� �""������ ������� � '�� �������'�����Mr. Oscar Kibazohi, University of Dar es Salaam, provided an overview of methodologies to assess the technical viability and cost-effectiveness of different bioenergy production pathways drawing on the particular example of biofuel production from sunflower in Tanzania. Presentation Summary – Techno-economic analysis aims to assess the technical and economic feasibility of different bioenergy production configurations using a range data about feedstock procurement, processing and transformation. In the case of biofuel produced from sunflower in Tanzania it was found that at this stage, because the price of sunflower as a food commodity is high, bioenergy production is not a viable option in Tanzania. Feedstock costs are a key determinant of the feasibility of bioenergy operations. Therefore, to improve the feasibility of bioenergy operations it is important to increase the productivity of land and drive down feedstock costs. 2�����.�� ����'�����"�������� � �*���'�����Mr. Karl Pauw, International Food Policy Research Institute, provided an overview of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and how they can be used to assess the economy-wide impacts of bioenergy development. Presentation Summary – Bioenergy developments will have implications for national economies because they compete for resources and involve different economic sectors including households via employment and prices, government via regulation and taxation and foreign trade. CGE models are economy-wide models that attempt to provide an assessment of the economic impacts of bioenergy production and how these impacts can change depending on different bioenergy development scenarios. In the case of Tanzania, medium-term CGE modeling of potential ethanol production scenarios found that large-scale sugarcane production has better economic growth implications than small-scale; bioenergy production could help reduce poverty – especially production involving small-scale out-grower schemes; and it is unlikely that there will be a food and fuel trade-off in the case of Tanzania. However, growth in bioenergy production may have an impact on traditional exports which decline as a result of an appreciating exchange rate.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 9
�������� ���*���"�� ���������� �*�����������Mr. Andrea Rossi, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of methodologies to assss how changes in food prices can impact on the welfare of households. Presentation Summary – Food price increases affect households in different ways. In general, net consumers, those who buy more food than they sell, are hurt by higher prices while net food producers, those who sell more food than they buy, tend to benefit from higher prices. Using household level data on income and expenditure by crop we can calculate the net welfare impact of food price changes on households based on their position as either net food consumers or producers. Based on the implementation of this methodology in Tanzania, Peru and Cambodia with BEFS it has been confirmed that some households benefit and others lose from food price changes. Therefore, it is important to identify vulnerable households in order to target necessary policy interventions such as the introduction of safety nets. ,�������*������������?���������� � ����������The participants were asked to return to their groups from Session 2 and develop questions to ask each of the expert panel on the respective tools and methodologies they presented. Discussion points: • Participants raised questions regarding how the data underlying each tool was collected.
The experts responded by supplying additional information on the different methodologies and methods used to collect this data and which organizations, departments, or persons responsible for collecting these datasets.
• Participants also raised questions regarding the validity of the assessments produced by each tool and how often the analysis would need to be updated. The expert panel indicated that the validity of each assessment generally varied on a case-by-case basis, but most assessments were considered most relevant for a period of up to one year.
• Another issue raised by participants was the costs and timeframes involved with implementing BEFS. Experts gave detailed examples of expenditures in countries that had previously implemented BEFS and the time need for implementation in each case.
• Additional questions were raised about the processing of biofuels, differences in final costs of conventional fuels and biofuels, and unforeseen problems with biofuel feedstocks, such as pests and diseases. Each question was addressed by the relevant member of the expert panel using personal experience or case studies from the presentations.
������������0�*���'�� ���������2�������� ����;��������� ��2������������������� �'��������Mr. Beau Damen, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of how the FAO BEFS and BEFSCI tools and methodologies can be used mainstream bioenergy and food security issues into national energy development policies.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 10
Figure 3 - Bioenergy policy nexus and mainstreaming BEFS
EnergyAgriculture
Environment
RuralDevelopment
Poverty
Trade
Forestry
Finance& planning
NationalDevelopment
Planning
NationalDevelopment
Planning
Main-streaming BEFS into policy and planning
processes
Meeting the implementation
challenge
Finding the entry points &
making the case
Agenda Setting
Policy Making
Implementation & Monitoring
Bioenergy Policy Nexus Mainstreaming BEFS
Presentation Summary – Bioenergy developments raise a number of complex policy problems that affect the mandates of a wide range of government bodies. Because policy action to promote the bioenergy sector may have unintended consequences for other areas of government, the topic of bioenergy is highly suitable for policy mainstreaming (Figure 3).
Figure 4 – BEFS and mainstreaming
Mainstreaming is a long-term, iterative process aimed at transforming ideas and transforming policies, resource allocations and practices in order to 1) promote desired development outcomes (for example food security) and 2) support integrated solutions to human
Finding the entry points & making the
case
Preliminary assessmentUnderstanding policy
trade-offsUnderstanding linkages
Raising awareness & building partnershipsNational consensus and
commitment to sustainable food-secure
bioenergy
Strengthening institutions & capacities
Needs assessmentsWorking mechanisms
Mainstreaming BEFS into policy and planning
processes
Collecting country-specific information
and influencing policy processes
Mainstreaming BEFS in national & sector policies, strategies, programmes
Costing, assessing and selecting bioenergy
policy measures
Strengthening institutions & capacities
Learning by doing
BEFS Scoping
assessment
BEFS Capacity
Development
BEFS Full assessment BEFSCI
Good practices
Meeting the implementation
challenge
Budgeting and financingMainstreaming BEFS in the
budgetary process
Mainstreaming BEFS in monitoring systems
Food security monitoringBioenergy project appraisal
Supporting policy measures
National, sector and sub-national levels
Strengthening institutions & capacitiesMainstreaming as standard
practice
BEFSCI Monitoring & project appraisal
Agenda Setting Policy MakingImplementation
& Monitoring
Source: Adapted from UNDP-UNEP, 2009, Figure 3.2 p.15
Source: Adapted from UNDP-UNEP, 2009, Figure 3.2 p.15
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 11
problems. Mainstreaming involves coordinated action during key stages of the national development planning process. BEFS and BEFSCI support the mainstreaming of bioenergy and food security issues into national policy frameworks at each stage of the mainstreaming process (Figure 4). ,�������*�������������2���$������'��"�����The participants were provided with detailed draft BEFS country profiles that had been prepared by FAO prior to the Forum. The profiles included a range of information on the socio-economic, agricultural, food security and energy situation in each SADC country. The BEFS Analytical Framework had been used to draw out a number of potential key issues for bioenergy development in each country. The participants were asked to reflect on the materials included in the country profiles and provide any comments or suggestions. The participants were informed that their inputs would be incorporated into final BEFS country profiles that would be published on the FAO website as part of FAO’s BEFS SADC work program. ! ����������������6�Dr. Thomas Funke, Director - Industrial Affairs, Canegrowers South Africa, provided an overview of developing an outlook for agriculture output and trade in response to the development of the bioenergy sector using the specific example of the sugar and ethanol sectors in South Africa. Presentation Summary – The agricultural outlook tool allows policy makers to assess different development scenarios in the agriculture sector with the use of projections on topics such as output, consumption and trade by crop. These types of assessments are very useful when trying to understand the possible impacts of different types of bioenergy promotion policies. The Bureau for Food and Agriculture Policy (BFAP) in South Africa has used the agriculture outlook tool to assess a range of scenarios for development of the South African ethanol sector. ,�������*������������0�*���'�� ���������2�������� ����The participants were asked to form country groups and develop national BEFS strategies comprising five key elements: 1) The rationale or motivation for implementing BEFS; 2) Key research or development questions to be addressed using the BEFS tools and methodologies; 3) A tailored BEFS analytical framework for each country; 4) Potential national implementing partners for BEFS and capacity development required; and 5) A timeframe for implementation. The national BEFS strategy outlines developed during this session are included in detail at Annex 5.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 12
��������/���;�����<�� ����6������� �� �� �'��������@��� � �2��� � � �2��$,� �� � '�������� ��� ������<�� ���6�� ��� "�� � �������� "����������� �Mr. Andrea Rossi, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of how to minimize the risk that bioenergy development will impact on food security using good environmental and socio-economic practices catalogued by BEFS and BEFSCI. Presentation Summary – Building on the framework established with BEFS, BEFSCI has developed a set of criteria, indicators, good practices and policy options on sustainable bioenergy production that foster rural development and food security to: 1) Inform the development of national frameworks aimed at mitigating the risk of negative impacts (and increasing the opportunities) from bioenergy developments on food security; and 2) Help countries monitor and respond to the impacts of bioenergy developments on food security. Good environmental and socio-economic practices in bioenergy feedstock production and appropriate policy incentives are two important BEFSCI strategies for risk prevention and management in the bioenergy sector. Examples of good environmental practices in bioenergy feedstock production include intercropping and crop rotation, no-or-minimum tillage, soil cover, integrated pest management (IPM), integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM), and sustainable irrigation. Examples of good socio-economic practices include community consultation, mapping of customary rights, inclusion of small-holders in bioenergy supply chains, trainings on good agricultural practices, and provision of energy for local and/or domestic use. Appropriate policy instruments should be put in place in order to require or promote the adoption of good practices in bioenergy production. Examples of these instruments include biofuel mandates with sustainability requirements, national standards for certification, financial incentives such as payment for environmental services, and capacity building programs on good practices. �2��������%������������� ��#������� �Ms. Elizabeth M. Huba, TED and ADB, provided an overview of different biogas energy systems from Lesotho, China, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam as an example of a bioenergy good practice. Presentation Summary – Household biogas systems are a closed loop bioenergy system that can improve sanitation while producing energy with benefits for food production systems through the production of organic fertilizer. These systems have been deployed successfully in a range of different countries at a range of different scales. Wider availability of information and improved capacity of farmers and agricultural extension agencies on these systems will foster more climate resilient and productive agricultural systems. ,�������*������������������� �� � ���������� �� �'������������!0$�The participants were asked to form country groups and identify good practices that have been adopted in their national bioenergy and agriculture sectors. Participants were also asked to list existing policy instruments requiring or promoting good practices in these sectors. An overview of these group discussions is included at Annex 6.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 13
��������3���;�������� ���'����� �''����� �������� �'��)�����;�������� ���'���������������*���� �''����� ���*��������='��)�����Mr. Andrea Rossi, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of indicators and tools that have been developed under the FAO BEFSCI initiative to monitor the impacts of bioenergy development and appraise individual bioenergy investments and projects. Presentation Summary – To monitor the impact of bioenergy developments on food security and facilitate appropriate policy responses at the national level, FAO under the BEFSCI project developed the internationally agreed Global Bioenergy Partnership indicator on the effects of bioenergy use and domestic production on the price and supply of a national food basket. Applying this indicator requires that a country first determines the appropriate food basket (i.e. main staple crops) and then assesses the links between bioenergy use and domestic production and changes in the supply and/or prices of relevant components of the food basket, including staple crops. This can be done using a range of different methodologies of varying complexity and data/skills requirements. At the project level, BEFSCI also developed the BEFSCI Operator Level Food Security Assessment Tool, which can be used by governments to assess how an existing or proposed agricultural investment/project with a bioenergy component may affect food security. This is a practical tool that is available for use on the FAO BEFSCI website. Interactive Session – Appraising bioenergy projects The participants were provided with detailed instruction on how to create a hypothetical bioenergy project in their country that could then be assessed using FAO’s BEFSCI Operator Level Food Security Assessment Tool. After each country developed their own hypothetical bioenergy project (based, in some cases, on existing or proposed projects), the groups were asked to submit one project to use as an example in the Operator Level Tool. The group from Zambia subsequently volunteered their hypothetical project for this purpose. The results of each country’s hypothetical bioenergy projects when assessed by the Operator Level Tool are included at Annex 7.
��������4���%��������2�������� ����� ��' �������!0$�����,�������*�� �������� �� %������� ������� �2��� ����� ���� � � '��*� �� �� �' ��� ����������'�� ��������� ������!0$��������6�����������������"�����The participants were asked to re-form their country level groups. Each group was given 30 minutes to finalize a presentation incorporating their final national BEFS strategy outlines and an update of their country’s progress toward the SADC Framework on Sustainable Biofuels. The national BEFS strategy outlines presented during this session are included in detail at Annex 5. Only some of the countries present were able to report progress toward the SADC Framework on Sustainable Biofuels. For those that did report progress, a summary of their reports in included at Annex 8. During this session a number of country participants also commented on the potential role of BEFS and BEFSCI in furthering progress under the SADC Framework on Sustainable Biofuels. This feedback is also included in Annex 8.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 14
��������5���,�'��*�� ��� ��������'�������������� �� �"�� �����������!��� �����'���'����*��Mr. Beau Damen, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided an overview of the potential regional implications of bioenergy developments for food security and how BEFS can be applied to a regional context using the example of the Greater Mekong Sub-Region and ASEAN. Presentation Summary – In regions where some countries have committed to significant growth in bioenergy output, it is also important to consider the potential implications of these policies for food security at the regional level. Differences in national natural resource endowments and biomass production capacity may require that some countries trade biomass feedstock or bioenergy to support their national policy commitments. For example, the magnitude of China’s expected future demand for ethanol and restrictions on biofuel produced from grain have prompted plans for a series of cassava-based feedstock and biofuel production operations in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region. Trade in bioenergy and feedstock implies the use of one country’s land and water resources to produce fuel and energy for another. While trading natural resources between countries in the form of food crops can have significant benefits for regional food security, particularly in low-income food-deficit countries, the implications of increasing trade in these resources to meet growing regional energy demands is not as clear. FAO is investigating these issues further through a regional initiative on BEFS in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). A similar initiative could be useful to encourage further cooperation on bioenergy development issues in SADC. ,�������*������������8� ��������'����������������� �����!0$�The participants were asked to form five groups. Each group was asked to identify opportunities for further collaboration on bioenergy issues in SADC and propose actions that could be taken to improve regional cooperation on bioenergy. The summary of these discussions is provided at Annex 9.
��������7���$������������ ��*�������Mr. Beau Damen, Bioenergy Officer, FAO, provided a summary of the Forum. Each participant was then asked to evaluate the Forum by completing a detailed program evaluation survey. The survey included a self-evaluation of the participants’ progress toward meeting the learning objectives of the Forum. The results of this survey are included at Annex 10. $����� � �����Mr. Freddie Motlhatlhedi, Senior Programme Officer - Energy, SADC Secretariat, provided a closing address for the Forum and thanked the participants for their participation and strong level of engagement. The participants from Zimbabwe offered a vote of thanks on behalf of all the participants to the Forum organizers.
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 15
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 16
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 17
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 18
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 19
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 20
������
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$(@1#8A�� 1!;2�� %(�,#,(1� !0082���
Botswana Ms. Mareledi G. Maswabi
Head of Biomass Section
Energy Affairs: Ministry of Minerals, Resources-Energy
Division Private Bag 00378,
Gaborone Botswana Ms. Tidimalo Coetzee Principal Agriculture
Officer I Department of
Agricultural Research Private Bag 0033
Gaborone Botswana
Lesotho Mr. Muso Raliselo Senior Energy
Officer Department of Energy:
Ministry of Energy Private Bag A91,
Maseru-100, � � �
Malawi Mr. Oscar Joseph
Kalowekamo Assistant Director Department of Energy
Affairs, Private Bag 309,
Lilongwe 3, Malawi
Malawi Symon Mkwinda Deputy Director- Land Resource
Survey & Evaluation
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation & Water
Development, Land Resources
Conversations Department P. O. Box
30291, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
Mauritius Mrs Tej Asha Mudhoo Principal Assistant Secretary
8th Floor, Renganaden Seeneevassen Building
Cnr. Jules Koenig & Maillard Street Port
Louis Mauritius Mauritius Mr Baboo Balraz S.
Lutchmeea Deputy Chief
Agriculture Officer 9th Floor Emmanuel Building Port-Louis
Mauritius
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 21
��%�����'����9$������� :
Mozambique Mr. Helio Neves Promotion Centre Of Agriculture-
CEPAGRI
Rua Da Gavea No. 33 J Andar .
P. P. Box 1772 Maputo
Namibia Ms. Justine Hauala Energy Researcher Ministry of Mines & Energy
Seychelles Mr. Guilly Moustache Principal Officer
Seychelles Energy Commission
Seychelles Ms. Antoine Marie Moustache
Chief Executive Officer
Seychelles Agricultural Agency
South Africa Hein Baak Specialist Pricing Department of Energy Directorate of Hydro Carbons Operations New & Renewable
Energy Directorate 75 Meintjies Street,
Sunnyside (Corner Meintjies & Schoeman
Streets) South Africa Khanyiso Zihlangu Deputy Director
Renewable Energy Department of Energy:
New & Renewable Energy Directorate 75
Meintjies Street, Sunnyside (Corner
Meintjies & Schoeman Streets)
South Africa Ms. Noma Qase Director Renewable Energy
Department of Energy: New & Renewable
Energy Directorate 75 Meintjies Street,
Sunnyside (Corner Meintjies & Schoeman
Streets) South Africa Ms. Kunene
Confidence Dikeledi Senior Food
Security Officer Department of
Agriculture Forestry & Fisheries, 20 BEATRIX STREET� : ARCADIA;
PRETORIA;0001 South Africa Ms. ELSIE
MOSHESHA DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND
FISHERIES
Swaziland Mlondi Mnguni Energy Officer Ministry of Natural Resources & Energy
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 22
��%�����'����9$������� :
Swaziland Ms. Phindile Dlamini Chief project Coordinator
Ministry of Agriculture P.O. Box 162 Mbabane,
Swaziland
Tanzania Mrs. Esther Oscar Mfugale
Ministry of Energy & Minerals
Tanzania Mr. Lucas Ayo’s Assistant Director Crop Promotion
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FOOD
SECURITY AND COOPERATIVES P. Box 9192 DAR ES
SALAAM TANZANIA Zambia Mr. Oscar Malumbe Agricultural
Research Officer Mount Makulu Central
Research Station, Private Bag 7,
Chilanga
Zimbabwe Partridge Ndemera Principal Energy Officer
Ministry of Energy & Power Development P. Bag 7758 Causeway,
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Mr. Paul Mashambe Principal Energy Officer
Department of Energy Conversation &
Renewals, Ministry of Energy & Power
Private Bag 7758 CY Causeway Harare,
Zimbabwe
SADC Mr. Freddie Motlhatlhedi
Senior Programme Officer
SADC Secretariat Private Bag 0095
Gaborone
SADC Mr. Odala Matupa Programme Officer-Power
SADC Secretariat Private Bag 0095
Gaborone
SADC Dr. Simon Mwale Programme Officer-Crop
SADC Secretariat Private Bag 0095
Gaborone SADC Ms. Joy Phiri Administration SADC Secretariat
Private Bag 0095 Gaborone
FAO-ZA Ms. Takalani Godobedza
Protocol Assistant 351 Schoeman Street Metro Park building
Pretoria
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 23
��%�����'����9$������� :
FAO-ZA Mr. Lot Mlati Assistant FAOR, Programmes
351 Schoeman Street Metro Park building
Pretoria
FAO-ZA Mr.Steven Lazaro IRC/OTC 351 Schoeman Street Metro Park building
Pretoria
FAO-ZA Mr. Mncedisi Madela Strategic Planning Analysis
351 Schoeman Street Metro Park building
Pretoria
FAO Renato Cumani Environment officer Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100,
Rome, Italy
University of Dar es Salaam
Dr. Deogratias Mulungu
Department of Water Resources Engineering
P.O. Box 35131 Dar es Salaam
FAO Florian Steierer Forestry Officer (Wood Energy)
Food & Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations Rome
University of Dar es Salaam
Oscar Kibazohi Senior lecturer Department of Chemical & Mining Engineering University of Dar es Salaam
IFPRI Karl Pauw Economy-wide impacts of bioenergy
development
International Food Policy Research
Institute PO BOX 31666 LILONGWE 3,
MALAWI
FAO Andrea Rossi Natural Resources Management Officer (Bioenergy)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di
Caracalla 00153 Rome - Italy
FAO Asia-
Pacific Beau Damen Bioenergy Officer &
Climate Change Coordinator
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the
United Nations Maliwan Mansion 39 Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200
THAILAND
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 24
%�����'����9$������� :
BLE Mr. Eva Hain Project Officer Federal Office for Agriculture and Food
(BLE) Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn,
Germany FAO-Accra Bojang Foday Senior Forestary
Officer Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO) P.O. Box GP 1628,
Accra, Ghana TED-ADB Consultant
Ms. Elizabeth Huba Socio-Economic Senior Advisor
TED Pologround 49/3 Maseru, Lesotho
South Africa, Cape Town
Thomas Funke Cane Growers Cane Growers
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 25
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 26
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 27
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 28
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 29
������� � �*���'����������!0$� Botswana
• Small scale biodiesel is being produced using used cooking oil • A national biomass energy strategy has been developed
'���/��• NGOs have launched household biogas initiatives • PROBEC Improved cook stove project • A draft renewable energy policy has also been developed. However the provisions for
bioenergy are not clear
0.1��• A jatropha biofuel operation has been established in Lilongwe • Two sugar ethanol plants are in operation
0�������• Electricity generation from bagasse including reselling to the electricity grid • Biogas production by livestock producers • There are planned developments for ethanol from sugarcane and conversion of
waste to energy
0�2�3�4���• Biodiesel guidelines have been developed • Several country-wide studies on ethanol from sugarcane have been completed • Additional biofuel pipeline projects using sweet sorghum, jatropha and sugarcane are
under development
���3��• A national biomass energy strategy has been developed as part of the national
energy policy • A jatropha biodiesel project is under development
�12�.�5�• An ethanol target has been developed
��,+/�..���• A national bioenergy policy has been developed
���/�#6��+�• A biofuel industrial policy was approved in 2007
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 30
• A biofuels regulatory framework has been implemented comprising 1) Mandatory blending; 2) principles for financial support; and 3) Pricing frameworks
• Two ethanol plants are in the pipeline (Cradock and Mabella Falls)
7�3��• Bioenergy policy is near completion • Private sector organizations have expressed interest in investing in the local ethanol
and biodiesel sectors • Opportunities are also available for co-generation from bagasse. • The use of biogas is increasing • Country program under PROBEC
7��331��• Draft biofuel policy has been developed • Two bioethanol operations and one biodiesel operation are active • Cogeneration facilities producing electricity from bagasse are in operation • An additional biodiesel production facility is being planned • Development of small-scale institutional and household biogas digesters is underway
#� �.�""��������� ������������� � �*���'������
(����.�3���6����6�3������8,�5�-�.�*���������#�$�• Foreign exchange savings and import substitution • Carbon credits for trading • Energy security • Job creation; particularly in rural areas • Agricultural development • Lower emissions • Investment in new industry
(����.����9���6�3������8,�5�-�.�*��������#�$�• Competition for resources • Land grabbing • Investment risk • Conflict (e.g. displacement of communities) • Threats to food security • Industry failure • Deforestation • Loss of carbon sinks • Ecosystem damage and biodiversity loss • Exclusion of small-holder farmers • Land and water pollution and degradation • Crop disease
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 31
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 32
���1���8�������"����2������������� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Botswana is:
a. Implementation of BEFS will assist in addressing questions that arise from energy and food security linkages; and
b. The information generated by BEFS can be used in planning.
B��C���������"����2������ ����� 1. How to avoid conflict between bioenergy production and food security? 2. What are the environmental issues that could arise from increased bioenergy
production? 3. What assistance is available on the topic of agro-ecological zoning? 4. How to obtain data and analysis on bioenergy and food commodities? 5. What is the potential for bioenergy production and what are the suitable feedstocks?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 33
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%������������������Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 3 Land suitability assessment • 2��!��"�����&�����������)���!��,�
• ������������!�����������
Yes Yes
2 Water resource assessment • 2��!��"�����&�-!�����&&!����
Yes
2, 4, 5 Woody biomass and residue assessment
• 2��!��"�����&����������!��)!����)��������
Yes
1 Bioenergy production cost assessment
EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
2 GHG Lifecycle Assessment EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
1 Agricultural Outlook EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Full project proposal 3 Months Government endorsement 2 Months Establish BEFS partnership and network 2 Months Develop capacity building plan 2 Months Full project proposal 3 Months
�
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 34
'���/���8�������"����2������&������� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Lesotho is:
a. Lesotho has no oil reserves; b. The country has a history of both energy poverty and food insecurity; c. BEFS could assist improve the balance between food security and bioenergy
production and use.
B��C���������"����2������ ������1. What can BEFS do to provide a structured assessment and conclusions about the
linkages between bioenergy and food security – comprising land, soil, water, socio-economic indicators, biomass availability and energy?
2. What is the biomass resource base? 3. How to identify the area available for bioenergy and food production with land use
planning maps? 4. How to develop skills and capacity to implement a BEFS framework in Lesotho?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 35
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������&��������Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 3 Land suitability assessment • Ministry of Forestry and Land Resources
Not addressed
1 Water resource assessment • Ministry of Forestry and Land Resources
Not addressed
1, 2 Woody biomass and residue assessment
• Ministry of Forestry and Land Resources
Not addressed
1 Technology and economic assessment
• Ministry of Energy • MNR • NUL • NGO’s • Consultants
Not addressed
1 Socio-economic assessment • BUS • CBL
Not addressed
1, 2 Agricultural Outlook • Ministry of Agriculture and FS
Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Establish a BEFS netwrok 2 Weeks National BEFS capacity building 4 Months Develop BEFS proposal 6 Months Obtain government endorsement 1 Month Implementation 7-24Months Final BEFS strategy Ready after 24 Months
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 36
0.1���8�������"����2������;���� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Mauritius is to better understand how bioenegry can contribute to energy security and sustainable socio-economic development.
B��C���������"����2������ ����� 1. What is the potential role of bioenergy in the national energy policy – how could
bioenergy take a more prominent role? 2. How could bioenergy development diversify economic opportunities for rural
communities and add value to the agriculture sector? 3. Who are the key stakeholders for the bioenergy sector? 4. What are the life-cycle impacts of different bioenergy technologies? 5. What is the bioenergy feedstock potential in Malawi? 6. What is the technical feasibility of scaling up existing plants or developing new
bioenergy operations?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 37
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������;�����Key question
Tool/Methodology Capacity required?
Responsible organizations
5 Land suitability and biomass assessment
Capacity available (Land Resource Conservation Dept., Dept. of Forestry) – but additional support from FAO required
• Ministry of energy and environment
• Ministry of agriculture, irrigation and water development
• Ministry of finance and economic development
• Malawi energy regulatory authority
• National commission for science and technology
• Academia and research institutions
• Private sector • Civil society (Farmer’s
union, Consumers association of Malawi)�
1, 2, 4, 6 Technical and life-cycle assessment
ADDITIONAL CAPACITY REQUIRED
Socio-economic impact assessment
Not addressed
3 Stakeholder analysis Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Submit request for technical assistance to FAO
ALREADY COMPLETED
BEFS Project Proposal 1 Month Identify donors 3 Months Government endorsement Not specified
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 38
0��������8�������"����2������;�������� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Mauritius is to promote the sustainable development of a sector that will create benefits for low-income groups.
B��C���������"����2������ ����� 1. What is the potential for BEFS to contribute to the energy policy development? 2. What are the advantage, disadvantages and risks of a remedial solution to Mauritius’
energy problems? 3. What are the feasibility and cost implications of different bioenergy options? 4. What is the best implementation strategy for bioenergy developments in Mauritius –
Government only or public/private? 5. How should land use be planned in light of bioenergy development? 6. What is the technical expertise required to implement an effective bioenergy
strategy? 7. What capacity is required to implement an effective bioenergy strategy? 8. What are the sources of funding available to support implementation of an effective
bioenergy strategy?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 39
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������;���������Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 3, 5 Land suitability assessment • MoAOLFS Not addressed
1, 3, 5 Woody biomass and residue assessment
• Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities
Not addressed
2, 3, 6, 7, 8 Techno-economic and environmental analysis
• Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development
Not addressed
3 Agricultural Outlook • Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
• Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development
Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe BEFS project proposal 3 Months Government endorsement 2 Months Establishing a BEFS Partners Network 2 Months BEFS Capacity building 5 Months
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 40
0�2�3�4����8�������"����2������;�<���C��� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Mozambique is to better understand how bioenegry can contribute to energy security and sustainable socio-economic development.
B��C���������"����2������ ����� 1. What assistance is available on the topic of agro-ecological zoning? 2. What bioenergy investments should be considered? 3. What is the impact of chosen biofuel crops (i.e. coconut, jatropha and sugarcane) on
water and land resources? 4. What data is available on:
o Food production – commercial & informal; o Quantity of agricultural output, yield per hectare, surpluses..; and o Quantity of subsistence farmers?
5. What is the impact of an out-growers scheme on poverty reduction and rural development? What is the national food requirement?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 41
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������;�<���C����Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 3 Land suitability assessment • NGO’s • Ministry of Agriculture • E.M. University • Ministry of Environment
Yes
3 Water resource assessment • NGO’s • Ministry of Agriculture • E.M. University • Ministry of Environment
Yes
Woody biomass and residue assessment
• NGO’s • Ministry of Agriculture • E.M. University • Ministry of Environment
Yes
2 Bioenergy production cost assessment
• Ministry of Energy • E.M. University • Ministry of Environment • Private Sector
Yes
5 Socio-economic analysis • NGO’s • Ministry of Agriculture • Ministry of Energy
Yes
4 Agricultural Outlook • NGO’s • Private sector • Ministry of Agriculture • Ministry of Planning &
Development
Yes
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Establish linkages with regional and international partners
6 Months
Undertake stakeholder analysis 2 Months Develop BEFS proposal 3 Months Obtain government approval 6 Months Resource mobilization 6-12 Months Implement BEFS framework and capacity development
3-5 Years
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 42
���3���8�������"����2������1����� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Namibia is:
a. To create an objective overview of opportunities with regard to bioenergy; b. To better understand how bioenergy can contribute to energy security and
reduce energy costs for households; and c. To encourage better coordination between stakeholders in the bioenergy and
agriculture and energy sectors more broadly.
B��C���������"����2������ ������1. What is the biomass potential for bioenergy production (GIS survey – wood fuel,
charcoal and biogas)? 2. How could bioenergy improve energy services in rural areas? 3. What areas are most suitable for specific energy crops?
�2����������6�"���1�����/!����!���������)�������
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•�������!�!��!'����!��"!����!��•6�'����!����•�'�������&���&������&���!���,!���!�
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 43
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������1������Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 3 Land suitability and water resource assessment (particularly on the impact of transforming pasture land into arable land)
• National and international collaboration
Yes
1 Organic waste assessment • National implementation with international guidance
Yes
1 Techno-economic assessment and life-cycle GHG assessment (small or large scale operations)
• National implementation with international guidance
Yes
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Provide briefing for relevant government representatives on BEFS SADC Forum
None specified
Seek views from relevant government agencies on appropriate next steps
None specified
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 44
��,+/�..����8�������"����2���������������� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Seychelles is:
a. Can provide support for bioenergy policy development; b. Cost effectiveness and potential of bioenergy development; c. Population growth and energy statistics for the next few decades; d. Can assess the environmental, social, and economic impacts; e. Provide technology capacity to implement bioenergy projects; f. Help determine investment availability.
B��C���������"����2������ ������1. What is the current level of fossil fuel/ bioenergy consumption? 2. What is the current population of Seychelles? 3. How can BEFS help to address climate issues? 4. What is the available and area and what feedstocks can be cultivated for biofuel
utilization? 5. How can BEFS help to analyse the availability of water resources?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 45
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%���������������������Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization Capacity required?
1
National Assessment on Fuel Use
• Seychelles Energy Commission • Seychelles Petroleum Company
Limited
Conduct Assessment
2 Population Census • National Bureau of Statistics Ongoing 3 Compilation and
Interpretation of Meteorological Data
• Seychelles Meteorological Office Continuous
3, 4, 5 Land Suitability Assessment
• Ministry of Land Use and Habitat Ongoing
3, 4, 5 Water Assessment • Seychelles Public Utilities Corporation
• Seychelles Agricultural Agency
Conduct Assessment
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Bioenergy Policy Development
• Seychelles Energy Commission Ongoing
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Bioenergy Development • Seychelles Energy Commission Ongoing
1, 2, 4, 5 Population Growth/Energy • National Bureau of Statistics • Seychelles Energy Commission • Seychelles Petroleum Company
Limited
Conduct Assessment
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Environmental, Social, Economic Assessment
• Seychelles Department of Environment
• Seychelles Energy Commission • Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Department of Social
Development
Conduct Assessment
1, 3, 4, 5 Technology/Feasibility Assessment
• Department of Environment • Seychelles Energy Commission • Seychelles Bureau of Standards
Conduct Assessment
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Investment • Ministry of Finance • Seychelles Energy Commission • Seychelles Investment Bureau
Conduct Assessment
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe National Fuel Use Assessment End of 2012 Population census June 2012 Compilation, Interpretation of Met. Data Land Use Survey Water Use Survey Early 2013 Policy BE Early 2013 BE Development June 2012 Population Growth/Energy Early 2013 Environment/Socio/Economic Assessment 2013 Feasibility/Technology 2013 Investment 2013
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 46
���/�#6��+��8�������"����2������������!"���� The rationale for implementing BEFS in South Africa is:
a. To provide exact mapping of available land, water, and crop overlay; b. To provide an independent opinion regarding the availability of dry lands and
irrigated lands for bioenergy production that won’t compromise other priorities; c. To better understand the potential impact of bioenergy production in relation
to increasing food prices; d. To help quantify maximum bioenergy production potential for South Africa.
B��C���������"����2������ ����� 1. How can BEFS mitigate the risks associated with bioenergy development? 2. What impacts, environmental or otherwise, do certain bioenergy feedstocks (such as
jatropha) pose? 3. How can BEFS help with data analysis? 4. How can BEFS help South Africa develop specific sustainability criteria and
indicators?
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 47
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������������!"�����Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization Capacity required?
1, 2, 3, 4 Land Assessment • Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries
• Ministry of rural Development and Land Reform
• FAO
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4 Water Resource Management
• Ministry of Water Affairs • Ministry of Ag, Forestry,
and Fisheries
Not addressed
1, 2, 3 Household Food Security & Vulnerability
• FAO, CSIRO, ARC, WRC
• Ministry of Trade & Industry
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4 Agricultural Outlook • Ministry of Ag, Forestry, and Fisheries
• FAO • Stellenbosch, Northwest,
Rhodes, and Fort Hare Universities
Not addressed
1, 2, 4 Economy-wide Impacts • National Treasury • Ministry of Trade &
Industry • Ministry of Ag, Forestry,
and Fisheries
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4 Biofuel Production Costs • Ministry of Energy • Ministry of Trade &
Industry • Ministry of Ag, Forestry,
and Fisheries • Bioenergy Association • Universities
Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Establish Institutional Arrangements 1 – 2 months Develop a BEFS Proposal 8 months Finalize the Framework 1 month Request Approval to Implement 1 month
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 48
�12�.�5��8�������"����2��������<��� � The rationale for implementing BEFS in Swaziland is:
a. Swaziland is highly dependent on traditional biomass for energy; b. Swaziland has a history of food insecurity; c. BEFS could assist improve the balance between food security and
bioenergy production and use in Swaziland.
B��C���������"����2������ ����� 1. Using WEAP, what is the water requirement for bioenergy implementation? 2. How can BEFS help address land displacement and competition concerns? 3. Can BEFS help determine land suitability for major bioenergy crops? 4. What is the cost and benefit for bioenergy development? 5. What are the socio-economic effects of bioenergy development in Swaziland? 6. What are the environmental impacts associated with bioenergy development? 7. How can BEFS provide data acquisition and analysis to better manage bioenergy
development and food security?
�2����������6�"�����<��� �
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 49
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%������������<��� ��Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 2, 3, 6, 7
Water requirements • Department of Water Affairs
• SWADE • Ministry of Agriculture
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7
Land Suitability Assessment • Ministry of Agriculture • UNISWA
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Agriculture Outlook • Ministry of Agriculture • UNISWA • SWADE
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Computable General Equilibrium • UNISWA • External Assistance
Not addressed
2, 3, 5, 7 Household Food Security & Vulnerability
• Ministry of Agriculture • Nutrition Council
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Techno-Economic & Environmental Analysis
• Swaziland Environment Authority
• Ministry of Economic Planning
• External Assistance
Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Strategy Development 6 months Policy Development 6 months Cabinet Approval 2 weeks Capacity Building Plan 2 months
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 50
&�2���
8�������"����2������#�<����BEFS has already been implemented in Tanzania. What can be learned from BEFS?
a. Improving land productivity analysis; b. Water resources evaluation in all basins; c. Evaluation of social and economic benefits; and d. Best methods for public-private partnerships in biofuel implementation.
B��C���������"����2������ ������1. What capacity building tools can BEFS provide, and what advice can BEFS give on
implementation at all levels? 2. What are the future plans of BEFS and how will these effect developments in
Tanzania? 3. What are the challenges of/for SADC countries implementing bioenergy programs,
and how can BEFS help with regional government coordination?
�2����������6�"���#�<���
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���!��!'�������&���������� 2������"���
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 51
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������#�<���
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Proposal Development None given Government Endorsement None given Establishment of a BEFS Partners Network
None given
Develop a Capacity Building Plan None given
Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization Capacity required?
1, 2, 3 Land Suitability Assessment • Ministry of Agriculture • Ministry of Land
Commission • Sokoine University
Not addressed
1, 2, 3 Water Resource Assessment • Ministry of Water • University of DSM
Not addressed
1, 3 Socio-economic Assessment • University of DSM • ESAURP
Not addressed
1, 3 Economy-wide Impacts • Ministry of Industry & Trade
• Ministry of Agriculture • University of DSM • Sokoine U. of
Agriculture
Not addressed
1, 2, 3 Monitoring & Evaluation • University of DSM • ESAMI
Not addressed
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 52
7�3���8�������"����2������D���� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Zambia is:
a. To increase access to renewable energy; b. To improve food security; c. To generate income generation for rural populations; d. To improve climate change adaptation; e. To reduce emissions; and f. To improve technological skills.
B��C���������"����2������ ������1. How can Zambia adopt the BEFS strategy used in Thailand to better assess food
security and assist in data collection? 2. What economic and development incentives are there to encourage farmers to grow
bioenergy crops? 3. How can BEFS help build capacity in the Ministries of Agriculture, Livestock, Energy,
and Water Resources? 4. What would be the best way to mainstream bioenergy into government development
plans?
�2����������6�"���D����
/!��!��)�������
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 53
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������D�����Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 2, 3 Natural Resources Analysis • Department of Natural resources
• Department of Water Resources
Not addressed
1, 3 Diagnostic Analysis Inputs • Ministry of Agriculture Not addressed
1, 2, 3 Market Access • Ministry of Agriculture Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4 Socio-economic Analysis • Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning
• Ministry of Agriculture
Not addressed
1, 2, 3, 4 Techno-economic and Environmental Analysis
• Ministry of Science & Technology
• Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources
Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe Situation Analysis Year 1 Policy Development Years 2 & 3 Regulatory Framework and Guidelines Years 3 & 4 Planning Years 4 & 5 Implementation Year 6 onward
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 54
7��331���8�������"����2������D������� The rationale for implementing BEFS in Zimbabwe is:
c. Zimbabwe is highly dependent on imported refined petroleum products; d. Zimbabwe has a history of food insecurity; and e. BEFS could assist improve the balance between food security and bioenergy
production and use in Zimbabwe.
B��C���������"����2������ ������6. How do we use BEFS to formulate a sustainable bioenergy policy? 7. What kind of assistance does FAO give to individual countries in implementing the
BEFS framework and projects? 8. What problems or barriers did FAO encounter in carrying out the BEFS projects in the
three pilot countries?
�2����������6�"���D�������
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 55
�2���#������ �,�'�������� �%����������D��������Key question
Tool/Methodology Responsible organization
Capacity required?
1, 2, 3 Techno-economic and Environmental Analysis
• /���������� Not addressed
1, 2, 3 Biofuels Production Costs • /���������� Not addressed
#���"�����Next steps Timeframe 10% Bioethanol blending Current 10% Biodiesel Blending By 2020 National Standards & Certification In process
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 56
!���+�3�� � �
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 57
E�� �'�������������1�� Environmental
• Use of recycled water from sewage effluent in Gaborone • Rainwater harvesting • Biogas • Conservation of genetic resources • Forest rehabilitation • Health and safety provisions for equipment/devices
Socio-economic
• Improved cook stoves are being deployed in some villages • Provision of youth grants for agriculture projects • Measures to promote backyard gardening • Food distribution schemes
Policy
• Rural electrification programme • Provision of improved agriculture inputs and equipment for farmers • Capacity building on good agriculture practices
�'���/�� Environmental
• Rainwater harvesting Socio-economic
• Improved cook stoves • Biogas
Policy
• Energy access strategy
0.1�� Environmental
• Conservation agriculture • Minimum and reduced tillage • Integrated soil fertilizer management • Agro-forestry • Organic farming • Eco-sanitary latrines • Sustainable forest management
Socio-economic
• Improved cook stoves and biomass briquetting • Biogas
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 58
Policy • Standards for ethanol and biodiesel • Blending mandates • National energy policy • National land management policy and strategies • National forest policy
Areas needing more attention
• Scaling up conservation, biogas, cook stove and biomass briquetting activities • Specific policies on bioenergy and conservation agriculture • Better harmonization of different sector policies • Better incentives such as tax relief for producers, duty waivers and mechanisms for
encouraging payment for environmental services • Better financing mechanisms such as grants • Capacity building
0������� Environmental
• Minimum tillage • Organic farming • Protected (hydroponic) cropping systems • Soil fertility management • Crop rotation • Integrated pest management • Farm waste management with biogas • Re-afforestation • Conservation of flora and fauna initiatives • Preservation of wetlands • Rainwater harvesting
Socio-economic
• Facilitated access to land • Minimum employment, wage and labor conditions • Small-holder inclusion policies and income generation policies • Local food security strategy • Local access to energy strategy • Gender equity policy • Quality seed program
0�2�3�4��� Environmental
• Invest Company in Nampula is promoting agro-forestry with jatropha • Green Resources in Nampula is promoting sustainable forest management
Socio-economic
• Xinayane Sugar in Maputu is actively is actively promoting the integration of small-holder outgrowers
Policy
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 59
• Currently 10 percent of the land set aside for any project has to be dedicated to food production
• The government is also encouraging farmers to practice conservation agriculture
���3�� Environmental
• Promotion of developments on degraded lands • Forest buffer zones
Policy
• Policy framework on renewable energy technologies that includes biomass energy
���/�#6��+� Environmental
• Biological control • Crop rotation • Minimum tillage • Second generation technologies and waste to energy
Socio-economic
• Zero-hunger framework • Household food production programme – (1 house, 1 garden, 1 tree, 1 jojo tank)
�12�.�5� Environmental
• Conservation agriculture (large-scale) • Agro-forestry (large-scale) • Integrated pest management • Rehabilitation of degraded lands (large-scale) • Multiple cropping systems and crop rotation (large-scale) • Minimum tillage • Organic agriculture • Soil cover
Socio-economic
• Community development and local infrastructure program Policy
• Provision of improved agriculture inputs and equipment for farmers • Comprehensive agriculture sector policy • Resettlement policy • Food security policy • Forestry policy
Areas needing more attention
• Sustainable forest harvesting • Sustainable irrigation • Micro-lending and financial support mechanisms
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 60
&�2��� Socio-economic
• Access to land • Fair employment and wages • Income generation • Local food security • Community development • Energy security • Gender equality
7�3�� Environmental
• Conservation agriculture (large-scale) • Agro-forestry (large-scale) • Green manuring • Jatropha biodiesel • Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic materials • No or minimum tillage • Biodiversity management • Soil cover crops (vertiver grass)
Socio-economic
• Community-based forest management
7��331�� Environmental
• Cogeneration Socio-economic
• Community share ownership trust fund has been established as part of the Greenfuels ethanol project
Policy
• Mandates for bioethanol and biodiesel • National standards under development • No duty required on imported bioenergy equipment
�
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 61
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 62
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 63
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 64
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 65
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 66
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 67
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 68
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 69
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 70
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 71
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 72
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 73
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 78
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 80
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 81
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@' ������'�� ��������� ��!0$��������6�����������������"������ �'��������"����2�����������������1��
• Botswana has so far not followed the steps for a national biofuel policy as described in the SADC Framework
• BEFS could be of assistance in developing the national biofuel policy ��'���/��
• Taskforce has been established, however, it needs to be revived and include a wider range of stakeholders
• An information paper has been prepared and is awaiting review • Taskforce needs to develop a work plan • Lesotho expressed interest in receiving support for carrying out the full BEFS analysis
and national-level training on BEFS
0.1��• Stakeholder analysis for national biofuel strategy is complete • Taskforce on bioenergy has been formed • The taskforce is yet to meet to discuss the framework • Finances are a key constraint • Malawi is particularly interested in technical assistance from FAO with land suitability
and techno-economic assessments
0�2�3�4���• In 2009 Mozambique approved the Policy and Strategy for Biofuel Production • From 2010 to 2011 Mozambique established an International Commission of Biofuels
(CNB), which is responsible for the coordination of all activities related to biofuel development in the country – the Ministry of Energy is the chair of the commission, while the Ministry of Agriculture is the deputy-chair
• In 2010 Mozambique also started a process to establish draft principles and criteria for sustainable biofuels – these are expected to be ready for consideration in September 2012
• In 2011 Mozambique approved blending mandates for 10 percent ethanol and 3 percent biodiesel to commence in 2012
• Mozambique expressed interest in receiving support for carrying out the full BEFS analysis
��,+/�..���• Seychelles indicated that biofuels are not an immediate concern • However, the country is very interested in developing biomass waste energy projects,
which generally encompass different sets of issues to those associated with biofuels
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 84
���/�#6��+��• South Africa has developed environmental criteria for biofuel production • South Africa expressed interest in receiving support for carrying out the full BEFS
analysis, in order to inform the revision of their licensing criteria for biofuel plants and of their requirements to receive biofuel subsidies
�12�.�5�• Swaziland is at the early stages of developing a national biofuels policy • A biofuels action plan has been developed based on a feasibility study • A more detailed biofuels development strategy is now awaiting government approval • The focus of the policy will be sustainable feedstock production, poverty alleviation
and food security
&�2���• Tanzania established a National Biofuels Taskforce in 2006 • This taskforce has established guidelines on biofuel development in Tanzania • It is now preparing a project document on “Strengthening the policy, legal, regulatory
and institutional framework for biofuels development in Tanzania” • A progress report on development of the document was provided to key stakeholders
in January 2012 • So far preparation of the document has included wide consultation and awareness
raising activities with policy makers and local communities • Drafting of a national biofuels policy has also commenced • Tanzania needs further technical assistance from FAO with agro-ecological zoning
7�3��• National bioenergy policy is still being developed • Standards are in place for bioethanol and biodiesel • Zambia expressed interest in receiving support for carrying out the BEFS analysis,
excluding the economy-wide impacts and the household level analysis • Specific interest was also expressed for assistance on in issues related to market
access for smallholders
7��331��• While a national energy policy is in place, the component on biofuels and bioenergy
has not been approved by the government
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 85
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 86
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• Research on bioenergy production systems • Capacity building on bioenergy and BEFS • Exchange of technical experience including experiences with crop management • Joint funding proposals • Trade • Exchange of information on interested bioenergy investors • Formation of regional biofuel technical and research advisory group • Coordinated data collection on bioenergy developments • Development and harmonization of regional bienergy standards • Technology transfer
:�,���8���.�.�-�.�+�������4����5� • Strengthen SADC Biofuels Taskforce and national bioenergy taskforces • Regional taskforce needs to formulate a capacity building programme for SADC
member states • Conduct regional needs assessment to identify gaps to be filled by BEFS • Improve engagement with regional bodies concerned with standards • Develop regional technical and financial implementation plans for bioenergy and
BEFS strategies • Develop a regional funding proposal to implement BEFS or bioenergy capacity
building exercises • Regional natural resource assessment • Investigate interest from the banking sector in funding bioenergy projects
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 87
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 88
Below is a summary of participants’ responses to the program evaluation survey. 22 surveys were collected in total from representatives of 11 of the 12 countries present at the forum (Note: the participant from Namibia was unwell on the final day of the forum). �
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 91
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• More demonstration of the tools presented could have been worthwhile�
• The issue of food security and the risks involved could have been discussed at more length�
• The panel had excellent knowledge of BEFS and related subjects�
• Good case studies presented��
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���• Very good information sharing sessions�• More time required��
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• Provided an opportunity to understand how the BEFS concepts can be applied�
• Needs update from countries��
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BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 92
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• Introduction to a new tool and the expert way that the tool was introduced and presented • It has assisted me to moderate my fears that bioenergy development will always lead to food
insecurity • Practical application of the BEFS tool • The key issues on BEFS were clearly outlined and the presentations were geared toward fully
addressing the objectives of the program • The forum was very interactive, interesting and well organized • The practical examples and interactive sessions • Learning about the BEFS Analytical Framework and sharing experiences • Information from presenters and interactions with other participants • Being able to participate in sessions and actually apply the lessons learned from the FAO
BEFS Framework • Interactive sessions, games and expert panel presentations • Interactive sessions that allowed for reflection on the issues raised • Forum allowed for participation • The presentations were well prepared and presented • The interactive sessions were very useful and exciting • Informative and fun • Time for regional networking • The way the presentations were carried out – accurate, straightforward and comprehensive • The forum was very informative – particularly regarding biofuel production • Getting more knowledge about bioenergy • Brought to the forefront topical isses on food and fuel and how they can be analyzed and
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• Logistical arrangements with hotel • More time to have hands-on practice with the key tools • The forum should be an annual event to assess progress • A lot of information had to be compacted into a short period of time – it may be worthwhile to
deal with BEFS and BEFSCI issues in two separate forums • It may be useful to include presentations from biofuel or bioenergy projects that are being
implemented in the region • It may be useful to include a detailed presentation an example of good bioenergy policy
development • More time needed – perhaps extend the forum to five days to allow for better understanding • More, similar forums needed • Add an extra day for interactive sessions • Too many presentations – more time should be allocated to interactive sessions to allow for
more ideas from participants • Internet connection in hotel rooms • The days were maybe a little too long • The Forum could have benfitted from more presentations on bioenergy projects from the
SADC region • Presentation of the SADC Framework so that participants can appreciate it • More instruction for participants to prepare country presentations in advance • Forum should be located somewhere more appealing�
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• The facilitation of the forum was good and adequate�• Facilitation was very commendable�
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 93
• More time for detailed presentations�• This was a well organized, facilitated forum�• The facilitation was really good�• The facilitation was very interesting�• Facilitation was great�• While games are important to keep people awake there may have been too many�• Some sessions ran over time – otherwise it was great and I learned a lot�• More breaks for sight-seeing�• More time required�• Very good but needs more gender balance�• May be better to have physical copies of the presentations available�• Strategies that should be adopted if bioenergy is found to be affecting food security��
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�• Consideration to the particular interests of small island states in SADC that have finite land
area and potential to generate bioenergy from waste • More and more timely discussion of data requirements • Country reports on bioenergy development should be prepared in advance next time • More practical exercises applying the BEFS tools • Climate smart agriculture • More time for Ministries of agriculture to present on their food security policies and programs • Presentation on the future of BEFS and SADC progress regarding BEFS • Presentation of more in-depth case studies from other regions • More time to work on project appraisal • Country presentations about real projects
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• More attention could be given to developing a package of tools can also be applied to small island states�
• Very important forum – it has enhanced my understanding of bioenergy and food security issues�
• The Forum provided a basis for policy guidance on this topic in the region�• It would be good to have national capacity building forums where all relevant stakeholders will
be included�• The forum was an eye-opener and the things learnt will surely be used in making sound policy
decisions regarding bioenergy development and food security�• I would like to see more FAO assistance with developing sustainable bioenergy programmes�• The whole team did a wonderful job�• The Forum was down to earth, interactive and appropriate
BEFS SADC Capacity Development Forum – Summary 94
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