Before The Beginning
description
Transcript of Before The Beginning
Before The BeginningBefore The Beginning
Introduction To GenesisIntroduction To Genesis
11Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
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NT
OT
David Watts, Sr.David Watts, Sr.
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The Value Of The OTThe Value Of The OTRom. 15:4: For whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.
2 Tim. 3:16–17: 16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.
Kevin KayKevin Kay
What’s Not RightWhat’s Right
How To Get RightHow To Stay Right
Comparing The TwoComparing The Two
Old TestamentOld Testament New TestamentNew Testament
ForeshadowingForeshadowing FulfillmentFulfillment
PromisePromise PerformancePerformance
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
CommencementCommencement ConsummationConsummation
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OTA Savior
Is Coming
NTA Savior
Has Come
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OT
Gen
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David Watts, Sr.David Watts, Sr.
J. Sidlow BaxterJ. Sidlow Baxter
““...besides being introductory, ...besides being introductory, Genesis is Genesis is explanatoryexplanatory. . The other writings of the Bible are The other writings of the Bible are inseparably bound up with it inasmuch as it gives inseparably bound up with it inasmuch as it gives us us the origin and initial explanation of all that the origin and initial explanation of all that followsfollows. …. Here we have in germ all that is later . …. Here we have in germ all that is later developed. It has been truly said that developed. It has been truly said that ‘the roots of ‘the roots of all subsequent revelation are planted deep in all subsequent revelation are planted deep in Genesis, and whoever would truly comprehend Genesis, and whoever would truly comprehend that revelation must begin here.’that revelation must begin here.’” ” ((Explore The BookExplore The Book, , n.p.)n.p.)
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Genesis:Genesis:
The Book of BeginningsThe Book of BeginningsHeavens & EarthHeavens & Earth
Plants & AnimalsPlants & Animals
Man & WomanMan & Woman
Marriage & HomeMarriage & Home
LanguageLanguage
SinSin
Religion & WorshipReligion & Worship
Civilization & CultureCivilization & Culture
GovernmentGovernment
Races & NationsRaces & Nations
Hebrew RaceHebrew Race
RevelationRevelation
Messianic ProphecyMessianic Prophecy
EtcEtc..
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Genesis & RevelationGenesis & Revelation
Genesis RevelationHow it all began How it all will end
Paradise Lost Paradise Regained
Man’s dispossession thru sinMan’s repossession thru
forgiveness
Sin’s curse imposed Sin’s curse removed
Tree of life disinherited Tree of life re-inherited
Beginning of sorrow & death End of sorrow & death
Garden defiled by sin City undefiled
Evil triumph of Satan Ultimate triumph of Christ
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Important QuestionsImportant Questions
““WhoWho am I?” am I?”
““WhereWhere did I come from?” did I come from?”
““WhyWhy am I here?” am I here?”
““WhereWhere am I going?” am I going?”
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Derek KidnerDerek Kidner
““There can scarcely be another part of There can scarcely be another part of Scripture over which Scripture over which so many battlesso many battles, , theological, scientific, historical and literary, theological, scientific, historical and literary, have been fought, or have been fought, or so many strong so many strong opinions cherishedopinions cherished. This very fact is a sign of . This very fact is a sign of the greatness and power of the book, and of the greatness and power of the book, and of the narrow limits of both our factual knowledge the narrow limits of both our factual knowledge and our spiritual grasp.” and our spiritual grasp.” ((Genesis: An Introduction & Commentary, 9)
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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
Title, Torah & Canonicity (1-4)Title, Torah & Canonicity (1-4)
Authorship (5-12)Authorship (5-12)
Date & Historicity (12-29)Date & Historicity (12-29)
Structure, Outline & Literary FeaturesStructure, Outline & Literary Features(29-37)(29-37)
Reading & Interpreting Genesis (37-41)Reading & Interpreting Genesis (37-41)
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TitlesTitles
HebrewHebrew:: BBeereshitreshit = “in the beginning” = “in the beginning”
GreekGreek: : genesisgenesis = origin, source, race, creation = origin, source, race, creation
LatinLatin::
– Liber Genesis Liber Genesis = “The Book of Genesis”= “The Book of Genesis”
– Liber Genesis, Hebraice BereshitLiber Genesis, Hebraice Bereshit = “The Book of = “The Book of Genesis, [known] in Hebrew [as] Bereshit”Genesis, [known] in Hebrew [as] Bereshit”
– Incipit Liber Bresith id est Genesis Incipit Liber Bresith id est Genesis = “Here begins = “Here begins the book the book BresithBresith which is Genesis” which is Genesis”
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TitlesTitles
Medieval:
– “First Book”
– “Book of the Creation of the World”
– “Book of the Righteous”
– “Book of Formation” (Hamilton, NICOT, 1:1-2)
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The The TanakhTanakh
TorahTorah(Law)(Law)
Gen.; Ex.; Lev.; Num.; Deut.
NNeebi’imbi’im(Prophets)(Prophets)
Former Prophets: Josh.; Jdg.; Sam.; Kings
Latter Prophets: Isa.; Ezek.; Jer.; Twelve
Ketubim(Writings)(Writings)
Poetical Books: Psa.; Prov.; Job
Five Rolls: Song; Ruth; Lam.; Esth.; Eccl
Historical Books: Dan.; Ezra-Neh.; Chron.
Kevin KayKevin Kay
TorahTorah
“The word torah in its widest sense means ‘guidance, instruction, discipline,’ and only in its most narrow sense ‘law.’ The Torah is the definitive ‘guide-book’ of ancient Israel, and it guides in the form of both narrative and law so that the two become inseparable and indispensible.” (Mann The Book of the Torah: The Narrative Integrity of the Pentateuch, 7; Alter, The Five Books of Moses: A Translation with Commentary, x)
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English OT ArrangementEnglish OT Arrangement
Law:Law: Gen.; Ex.; Lev.; Num.; Deut.
History:History:Josh.; Jud.; Ruth; 1 & 2 Sam.; 1 & 2 Ki.; 1 & 2 Chr.; Ezra; Neh.; Esth.
Poetry:Poetry: Job; Psa.; Prov.; Eccl.; Song.
Prophecy:Prophecy:
Major: Isa.; Jer. Lam. Ezek.; Dan.
Minor: Hos.; Joel; Amos; Obad.; Jon.; Mic.; Nah.; Hab.; Zeph.; Hag. Zech.; Mal.
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Authorship of PentateuchAuthorship of Pentateuch
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Contents Suspect
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J-E650 BC
D621 BC
J-E-D550 BC
P450 BC
J-E-D-P400 BC
Josiah’s ReformBook
Exilic PriestlyMaterial
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J850 BC
Southern Traditions
E750 BC
Northern Traditions
Objections ToObjections To
Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic AuthorshipTorah is Torah is anonymousanonymous
NoNo explicit reference to Moses explicit reference to Moses as authoras author
Moses referred to in Moses referred to in 3rd person3rd person
– Writer never uses “I” or “we” (cf. Nehemiah & Luke)Writer never uses “I” or “we” (cf. Nehemiah & Luke)
AnacronismsAnacronisms
Moses’ Moses’ humilityhumility (Num. 12:3) (Num. 12:3)
Moses’ Moses’ deathdeath (Dt. 34) (Dt. 34)
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Assumptions Of DHAssumptions Of DHIsraelite culture Israelite culture evolvedevolved over time over time
WritingWriting developed much later than Moses developed much later than Moses
Different namesDifferent names for God for God
Duplicate storiesDuplicate stories
AnachronismsAnachronisms
Composite storiesComposite stories
DifferentDifferent vocabularyvocabulary or or literary stylesliterary styles
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““Like Father Like Son”Like Father Like Son”
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““Like Father Like Son”Like Father Like Son”
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““Like Father Like Son”Like Father Like Son”
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AnachronismsAnachronismsCamels (Gen. 12:16) (Gen. 12:16)
““Ur of the Ur of the Chaldeans” (Gen. 11:28, 31; 15:7)” (Gen. 11:28, 31; 15:7)
““Dan” (Gen. 14:14; cf. Jdg. 8:27-29)” (Gen. 14:14; cf. Jdg. 8:27-29)
Edomite kings “before Edomite kings “before any king reigned over reigned over the children of Israel” (Gen. 36:31)the children of Israel” (Gen. 36:31)
““Then in the land” (Gen. 12:6; 13:7)” (Gen. 12:6; 13:7)
“To this day” (Gen. 19:38; 22:14; 32:32; (Gen. 19:38; 22:14; 32:32; 47:26)47:26)
“Land of Rameses” (Gen. 47:11)(Gen. 47:11)
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Composite StoriesComposite Stories
Noah’s flood (Gen. 7-8)Noah’s flood (Gen. 7-8)
Jacob’s flight (Gen. 28)Jacob’s flight (Gen. 28)
Sale of Joseph (Gen. 37)Sale of Joseph (Gen. 37)
Jacob’s son’s 1Jacob’s son’s 1stst trip to Egypt (Gen. 47) trip to Egypt (Gen. 47)
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Critique Of DH AssumptionsCritique Of DH Assumptions
Cultures sometimes Cultures sometimes declinedecline or or stagnatestagnate. . Some aspects of Israelite worship settled earlySome aspects of Israelite worship settled early
WritingWriting developed long before Moses developed long before Moses
Different namesDifferent names for deity used in other ANE for deity used in other ANE texts – rhetorical effecttexts – rhetorical effect
Duplicate storiesDuplicate stories more differences than more differences than similarities – “Type scenes”similarities – “Type scenes”
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Early Marks Of Civilization(Gen. 4:16-22)(Gen. 4:16-22)
UrbanizationUrbanization (v. 17) (v. 17)
DomesticationDomestication (v. 20) (v. 20)
MusicMusic (v. 21) (v. 21)
MetallurgyMetallurgy (v. 22) (v. 22)
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Civilization Developed EarlyCivilization Developed Early
P. J. Wiseman: P. J. Wiseman: "No more surprising fact has "No more surprising fact has been discovered by recent excavations than been discovered by recent excavations than the the suddenness with which civilization appeared in suddenness with which civilization appeared in the worldthe world. This discovery is the very opposite of . This discovery is the very opposite of that anticipated. It was expected that the more that anticipated. It was expected that the more ancient the period, the more primitive would ancient the period, the more primitive would excavators find it to be, until traces of civilization excavators find it to be, until traces of civilization ceased altogether and aboriginal man appeared. ceased altogether and aboriginal man appeared. Neither in Babylonia nor Egypt, the lands of the Neither in Babylonia nor Egypt, the lands of the oldest known habitations of man, has this been the oldest known habitations of man, has this been the case.“ case.“ (“New Discoveries In Babylonia About Genesis,” p. 28) (“New Discoveries In Babylonia About Genesis,” p. 28)
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Early WritingEarly Writing
Joseph Free & Howard Vos: Joseph Free & Howard Vos: “The “The Code of Code of Hammurabi was written several hundred years Hammurabi was written several hundred years before the time of Moses before the time of Moses (c. 1500-1400 B.C.)(c. 1500-1400 B.C.)….….This code, from the period 2000-1700 B.C.This code, from the period 2000-1700 B.C., , contains advanced laws similar to those in the contains advanced laws similar to those in the Mosaic laws….In view of this archaeological Mosaic laws….In view of this archaeological evidence, the destructive critic can no longer insist evidence, the destructive critic can no longer insist that the laws of Moses are too advanced for his that the laws of Moses are too advanced for his time.” time.” ((Archaeology and Bible HistoryArchaeology and Bible History, 1992, 103, 55, via Lyons & , 1992, 103, 55, via Lyons & Smith, “Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch – Tried And True, Smith, “Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch – Tried And True, Reason Reason & Revelation& Revelation, Jan. 2003, 23:1:2), Jan. 2003, 23:1:2)
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““Type-Scenes”Type-Scenes”Rivalry between wife & co-wife or concubine
Patriarch driven by famine to southern region
Birth of a child to barren woman
Finding one’s future spouse at a well
Epiphany in a field
Initiatory trial
Danger in the desert
Discovering a well in unlikely place
Last words of dying hero
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Critique Of DH AssumptionsCritique Of DH Assumptions
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Composite StoriesComposite Stories
Highly Highly subjectivesubjective explanationexplanation
No single account No single account tells the whole storytells the whole story. Each . Each account leaves inexplicable gapsaccount leaves inexplicable gaps
– ““J”: Ark without its constructionJ”: Ark without its construction
– ““P”: Noah & family entering arkP”: Noah & family entering ark
– ““J”: God shut Noah inJ”: God shut Noah in
– ““J”: Sending out birdJ”: Sending out bird
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Account of Amalek’s defeat (Ex. 17:14)(Ex. 17:14)
Words of the Lord (Ex. 24:3-4)(Ex. 24:3-4)
Ten Commandments (Ex. 34:27-28)(Ex. 34:27-28)
Israel’s journeys in wilderness (Num. 33:1ff)(Num. 33:1ff)
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Law (Dt. 31:9; cf. Josh. 8:32; 2 Chr. 34:14) (Dt. 31:9; cf. Josh. 8:32; 2 Chr. 34:14)
Song of Moses (Dt. 31:22)(Dt. 31:22)
Deuteronomy (Neh. 13:1; cf. Dt. 23:3-4; 2 Chr. (Neh. 13:1; cf. Dt. 23:3-4; 2 Chr. 25:4; cf. Dt. 24:16)25:4; cf. Dt. 24:16)
Exodus (Mk. 12:26; cf. Ex. 3:6)(Mk. 12:26; cf. Ex. 3:6)
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Pent. NT
Ex. 3:6I am God of Abraham,
Isaac, & JacobMk. 12:26; Lk.
20:37
Ex. 20:12 Honor father & mother Mk. 7:10
Ex. 21:17 He who curses father & mother Mk. 7:10
Lev. 12:2-8 Day of purification Lk. 2:22
Lev. 18:5 If a man does, he shall life Rom. 10:5
Lev. 20:9 He who curses father & mother Mk. 7:10
Lev. 20:10 Adulterers put to death Jn. 8:5
Dt. 5:16 Honor father & mother Mk. 7:10
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Pent. NTDt. 18:15,
18-19Prophet like me
Acts 3:22-23; 7:37
Dt. 19:15 Mouth of 2 or 3 witnesses Heb. 10:28
Dt. 22:22-24 Adulterers put to death Jn. 8:5
Dt. 24:1-4 Divorce & remarriageMt. 19:7; Mk.
10:4
Dt. 25:4 Don’t muzzle ox1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim.
5:18
Dt. 25:5-10 Levirate marriage lawMt. 22:24; Mk.
12:19; Lk. 20:28
Dt. 32:21 “I will provoke you to jealousy” Rom. 10:19
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
““Law of Moses” (Lk. 2:22; 24:44; Jn. 7:23; Acts Law of Moses” (Lk. 2:22; 24:44; Jn. 7:23; Acts 13:39; 15:5; 28:23; 1 Cor. 9:9)13:39; 15:5; 28:23; 1 Cor. 9:9)
““Book of Moses” (Mk. 12:26)Book of Moses” (Mk. 12:26)
““Custom of Moses” (Acts 15:1)Custom of Moses” (Acts 15:1)
““Moses’ law” (Heb. 10:28)Moses’ law” (Heb. 10:28)
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Mk 12:26: But concerning the dead, that they rise, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the burning bush passage, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
Lk. 20:37: But even Moses showed in the burning bush passage that the dead are raised, when he called the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Lk 16:29-31: 29 Abraham said to him, ‘They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.’ 30 And he said, ‘No, father Abraham; but if one goes to them from the dead, they will repent.’ 31 But he said to him, ‘If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rise from the dead.’”
2 Cor. 3:15: But even to this day, when Moses is read, a veil lies on their heart.
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Lk. 24:27: And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.
Lk. 24:44: Then He said to them, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me.”
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Jn. 1:45: Philip found Nathanael and said to him, “We have found Him of whom Moses in the law, and also the prophets, wrote — Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”
Jn. 5:46-47: 46 For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me; for he wrote about Me. 47 But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words?”
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Acts 15:21: For Moses has had throughout many generations those who preach him in every city, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath.”
Acts 26:22: Therefore, having obtained help from God, to this day I stand, witnessing both to small and great, saying no other things than those which the prophets and Moses said would come—
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Mosaic AuthorshipMosaic Authorship
Acts 28:23: So when they had appointed him a day, many came to him at his lodging, to whom he explained and solemnly testified of the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus from both the Law of Moses and the Prophets, from morning till evening.
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““Scriptures” For JosephusScriptures” For Josephus(ca. AD 37-100)(ca. AD 37-100)
“8. (38) For we have not an innumerable multitude of books among us, disagreeing from and contradicting one another [as the Greeks have], but only twenty-two books, which contain the records of all the past times; which are justly believed to be divine; (39) and of them five belong to Moses, which contain his laws and the traditions of the origin of mankind till his death. This interval of time was little short of three thousand years; (40) but as to the time from the death of Moses till the reign of Artaxerxes, king of Persia,
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““Scriptures” For JosephusScriptures” For Josephus(ca. AD 37-100)(ca. AD 37-100)
who reigned after Xerxes, the prophets, who were after Moses, wrote down what was done in their times in thirteen books. The remaining four books contain hymns to God, and precepts for the conduct of human life. (41) It is true, our history hath been written since Artaxerxes very particularly, but hath not been esteemed of the like authority with the former by our forefathers, because there hath not been an exact succession of prophets since that time; (42) and how firmly we have given credit to
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““Scriptures” For JosephusScriptures” For Josephus(ca. AD 37-100)(ca. AD 37-100)
those books of our own nation, is evident by what wedo; for during so many ages as have already passed, no one has been so bold as either to add anything to them, to take anything from them, or to make any change in them; but it becomes natural to all Jews, immediately and from their very birth, to esteem those books to contain divine doctrines, and to persist in them, and, if occasion be, willingly to die for them….” (Emphasis added, Against Apion, I:7-8)
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ExplanationsExplanations
Some scribal glossesSome scribal glosses
Use of sources (cf. Gen. 5:1)Use of sources (cf. Gen. 5:1)
Portions written by someone else (cf. Dt. 34)Portions written by someone else (cf. Dt. 34)
InspirationInspiration
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Date Of WritingDate Of Writing
Time of Moses:Time of Moses:
– 1515thth cen. BC (ca. 1446) cen. BC (ca. 1446)
– 1313thth cen. BC (ca. 1230) cen. BC (ca. 1230)
Four Common Views:Four Common Views:
– Early Exodus & Long SojournEarly Exodus & Long Sojourn
– Early Exodus & Short SojournEarly Exodus & Short Sojourn
– Late ExodusLate Exodus
– ReconstructionistReconstructionist
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Length of Egyptian BondageLength of Egyptian Bondage
Ex. 12:40: Now the sojourn of the children of Israel who lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.
1 Ki. 6:1: And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon’s reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD.
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“Egypt and Canaan” (Sam.; LXX)
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Length of Egyptian BondageLength of Egyptian Bondage
Jdg. 11:26: While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and its villages, in Aroer and its villages, and in all the cities along the banks of the Arnon, for three hundred years, why did you not recover them within that time?
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Genealogies in GenesisGenealogies in Genesis
Gen. 4:16-24: Cain’s descendantsGen. 4:16-24: Cain’s descendants
Gen. 5: Adam’s descendants Gen. 5: Adam’s descendants
Gen. 10: Table of NationsGen. 10: Table of Nations
Gen. 11: Shem’s descendantsGen. 11: Shem’s descendants
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Genealogies & ChronologyGenealogies & Chronology
Incomplete genealogiesIncomplete genealogies
Ambiguous relationshipsAmbiguous relationships
Variations in ancient versionsVariations in ancient versions
Symmetry suggests mnemonic purposeSymmetry suggests mnemonic purpose
Odd overlapsOdd overlaps
External archaeological dataExternal archaeological data
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MT Samaritan Pent LXX Josephus
Son’s Birth
DeathSon’s Birth
DeathSon’s Birth
DeathSon’s Birth
Death
Adam 130 930 130 930 230 930 230 930
Seth 105 912 105 912 205 912 205 912
Enosh 90 905 90 905 190 905 190 905
Kenan 70 910 70 910 170 910 170 910
Mahalalel 65 895 65 895 165 895 165 895
Jared 162 962 62 847 162 962 162 962
Enoch 65 365 65 365 165 365 165 365
Methuselah 187 969 67 720 167 969 187 969
Lamech 182 777 53 653 188 753 182 777
Noah 500 950 500 950 500 950 500 950
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MT Samaritan Pent LXX Josephus
Son’s Birth
Add’l YrsSon’s Birth
Add’l YrsSon’s Birth
Add’l Yrs Son’s Birth
Shem 100 500 100 500 100 500 —
Arpachshad 35 403 135 303 135 430 135
Cainan — — — — 130 330 —
Shelah 30 403 130 303 130 330 130
Eber 34 430 134 270 134 370 134
Peleg 30 209 130 109 130 209 130
Reu 32 207 132 107 132 207 130
Serug 30 200 130 100 130 200 132
Nahor 29 119 79 69 179 129 120
Terah 70 135 70 75 70 135 70
Genealogies Omit NamesGenealogies Omit Names
Mt. 1:8 1 Chr. 3:11f Ezra 7:3-4 1 Chr. 6:6ff
Joram Joram Zerahiah Zerahiah
Ahaziah Meraioth Meraioth
Joash Amariah
Amaziah Ahitub
Uzziah Azariah Zadok
Mt. 1:11 1 Chr. 3:14f Ahimaaz
Josiah Josiah Azariah
Jehoiakim Johanan
Jeconiah Jeconiah Azariah Azariah
Amariah Amariah
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Evidence OfEvidence Of
Intentional OmissionsIntentional Omissions3 groups3 groups of 14 namesof 14 names (Mt. 1:17) (Mt. 1:17)
– ““David” = DWD = 4 + 6 + 4 = 14David” = DWD = 4 + 6 + 4 = 14
– 14 = 2 x 714 = 2 x 7
– Helpful mnemonic deviceHelpful mnemonic device
““Son” = DescendantSon” = Descendant (Mt. 1:1) (Mt. 1:1)
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Gaps In GenealogiesGaps In Genealogies
2 Ki. 9:2: 2 Ki. 9:2: 22Now when you arrive at that place, Now when you arrive at that place, look there for look there for JehuJehu the son of the son of JehoshaphatJehoshaphat, , the son of the son of NimshiNimshi, and go in and make him rise , and go in and make him rise up from among his associates, and take him to up from among his associates, and take him to an inner room. an inner room.
2 Ki. 9:20: 2 Ki. 9:20: 2020So the watchman reported, So the watchman reported, saying, “He went up to them and is not coming saying, “He went up to them and is not coming back; and the driving back; and the driving isis like the driving of like the driving of JehuJehu the son of the son of NimshiNimshi, for he drives furiously!” , for he drives furiously!”
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Gaps In GenealogiesGaps In Genealogies
Ezra 7:3-4Ezra 7:3-4ZerahiahZerahiah
MeraiothMeraioth
AzariahAzariah
AmariahAmariah
1 Chr. 6:6-101 Chr. 6:6-10ZerahiahZerahiah
MeraiothMeraioth
AmariahAmariah
AhitubAhitub
ZadokZadok
AhimaazAhimaaz
AzariahAzariah
JohananJohanan
AzariahAzariah
AmariahAmariah
Omitted by Ezra
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Gaps In GenealogiesGaps In Genealogies
Matthew 1:8, 11Matthew 1:8, 11
JoramJoram
UzziahUzziah
JosiahJosiah
JechoniahJechoniah
1 Chr. 3:11-12, 14-161 Chr. 3:11-12, 14-16
JoramJoram
AhaziahAhaziah
JoashJoash
AmaziahAmaziah
Uzziah (Azariah)Uzziah (Azariah)
JosiahJosiah
JehoiakimJehoiakim (Eliakim) (Eliakim)
Jehoiachin (Jeconiah)Jehoiachin (Jeconiah)
Omitted by Matthew
Omitted by Matthew
Two Points
• The Known Genealogical Gaps WouldNot Account For Millions Of Years
• We Know These Gaps Exist In SomeGenealogies Because They Do NotExist In Others
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Gaps In Genealogies???Gaps In Genealogies???
Arthur C. CustanceArthur C. Custance : “We are told again and : “We are told again and again that some of these genealogies contain again that some of these genealogies contain gaps: but what is never pointed out by those who gaps: but what is never pointed out by those who lay the emphasis on gaps, is that they only know of lay the emphasis on gaps, is that they only know of the existence of these gaps because the existence of these gaps because the Bible the Bible elsewhere fills them inelsewhere fills them in. How otherwise could one . How otherwise could one know of them? But know of them? But if they are filled in, they are if they are filled in, they are not gaps at allnot gaps at all! Thus in the final analysis the ! Thus in the final analysis the argument is completely without foundation." argument is completely without foundation." ((Genealogies of the BibleGenealogies of the Bible, 1967, p. 3), 1967, p. 3)
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Adam To AbrahamAdam To Abraham(Gen. 5 & 11)(Gen. 5 & 11)
AdamAdam
SethSeth
EnoshEnosh
CainanCainan
MahalaleelMahalaleel
JaredJared
EnochEnoch
MethuselahMethuselah
LamechLamech
NoahNoah
ShemShem
ArphaxadArphaxad
SalahSalah
EberEber
PelegPeleg
ReuReu
SerugSerug
NahorNahor
TerahTerah
AbramAbram
Any Gaps Must Come After Enoch
7th from Adam (Jude 14)
Millions of Years In 13 Generations
Any Gaps WouldNot Affect
Chronology
291,125 Years Between Each Generation
6666
Gaps & ChronologyGaps & Chronology
James B. Jordan:James B. Jordan: “ “Gaps in genealogiesGaps in genealogies, however, , however, do do not prove gaps in chronologiesnot prove gaps in chronologies. . The known gaps all The known gaps all occur in non-chronological genealogiesoccur in non-chronological genealogies. Moreover, even . Moreover, even if if there were gaps in the genealogiesthere were gaps in the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11, of Genesis 5 and 11, this would not affect the chronological informationthis would not affect the chronological information therein therein recorded, for even if Enosh were the great-grandson of Seth, recorded, for even if Enosh were the great-grandson of Seth, it would still be the case that Seth was 105 years old when it would still be the case that Seth was 105 years old when Enosh was born, according to a simple reading of the text. Enosh was born, according to a simple reading of the text. Thus, genealogy and chronology are distinct problems with Thus, genealogy and chronology are distinct problems with distinct characteristics. They ought not to be confused.” (“The distinct characteristics. They ought not to be confused.” (“The Biblical Chronology Question,” Biblical Chronology Question,” Creation Social Sciences and Creation Social Sciences and Humanities QuarterlyHumanities Quarterly, Winter, 1979/1980, p. 12), Winter, 1979/1980, p. 12)
6767Kevin KayKevin Kay
6868Kevin KayKevin Kay
Historicity Of GenesisHistoricity Of Genesis
Jesus’ genealogy to Adam (Lk. 3:23-38)Jesus’ genealogy to Adam (Lk. 3:23-38)
Adam’s sin (Rom. 5:12ff; 1 Cor. 15:22, 45)Adam’s sin (Rom. 5:12ff; 1 Cor. 15:22, 45)
Consequences of first sin (1 Tim. 2:12ff; 2 Cor. Consequences of first sin (1 Tim. 2:12ff; 2 Cor. 11:3)11:3)
Curse on ground (Rom. 8:19ff)Curse on ground (Rom. 8:19ff)
Curse on serpent (Rev. 12:17; Rom. 16:20)Curse on serpent (Rev. 12:17; Rom. 16:20)
Cain’s sin (1 Jn. 3:11-12; Jude 11)Cain’s sin (1 Jn. 3:11-12; Jude 11)
6969Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Historicity Of GenesisHistoricity Of GenesisSarah as model wife (1 Pet. 3:1-6)Sarah as model wife (1 Pet. 3:1-6)
First marriage (Mt. 19:3-10)First marriage (Mt. 19:3-10)
Role of women tied to creation (1 Cor. 11:7-12)Role of women tied to creation (1 Cor. 11:7-12)
Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph = models of faith (Heb. 11:1-22)Jacob, Joseph = models of faith (Heb. 11:1-22)
Noah & baptism & judgment (1 Pet. 3:20-21; Noah & baptism & judgment (1 Pet. 3:20-21; Mt. 24:37-39)Mt. 24:37-39)
Enoch & godliness (Jude 14-15)Enoch & godliness (Jude 14-15)
7070Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Historicity Of GenesisHistoricity Of Genesis
Jacob & Esau & election (Rom. 9:10-13)Jacob & Esau & election (Rom. 9:10-13)
Esau & godless impenitence (Heb. 12:15-17)Esau & godless impenitence (Heb. 12:15-17)
Melchizedek & Christ’s priesthood (Heb. 5:5-Melchizedek & Christ’s priesthood (Heb. 5:5-10; 6:20; 7:1ff)10; 6:20; 7:1ff)
Abraham & justification by faith (Rom. 4:1ff)Abraham & justification by faith (Rom. 4:1ff)
Promises to Abraham & redemption (Gal. 3:1ff; Promises to Abraham & redemption (Gal. 3:1ff; 4:21ff) 4:21ff)
7171Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
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Jesus Endorsed GenesisJesus Endorsed Genesis
CreationCreation (Mk. 13:19) (Mk. 13:19)
Adam & EveAdam & Eve (Mt. 19:4-8; Mk. 10:6-8) (Mt. 19:4-8; Mk. 10:6-8)
AbelAbel (Mt. 23:35; Lk. 11:51) (Mt. 23:35; Lk. 11:51)
Noah and the floodNoah and the flood (Mt. 24:37-39; Lk. 17:26- (Mt. 24:37-39; Lk. 17:26-27)27)
Abraham, Isaac, & JacobAbraham, Isaac, & Jacob (Mt. 8:11) (Mt. 8:11)
Sodom & GomorrahSodom & Gomorrah (Lk. 17:28-30) (Lk. 17:28-30)
Lot’s wifeLot’s wife (Lk. 17:32) (Lk. 17:32)
Kevin KayKevin Kay
7373
NT Writers EndorsedNT Writers Endorsed
GenesisGenesisGod’s rest on the 7God’s rest on the 7thth day day (Heb. 4:4) (Heb. 4:4)
The first man AdamThe first man Adam (1 Cor. 15:45) (1 Cor. 15:45)
Adam & EveAdam & Eve (Eph. 5:31; 1 Tim. 2:13) (Eph. 5:31; 1 Tim. 2:13)
The FallThe Fall (Rom. 5:14; 1 Cor. 15:22; 2 Cor. (Rom. 5:14; 1 Cor. 15:22; 2 Cor. 11:3; 1 Tim. 2:14)11:3; 1 Tim. 2:14)
Cain & AbelCain & Abel (Heb. 11:4; 12:24; 1 Jn. 3:12; (Heb. 11:4; 12:24; 1 Jn. 3:12; Jude 11)Jude 11)
EnochEnoch (Heb. 11:5) (Heb. 11:5)
Kevin KayKevin Kay
7474
NT Writers EndorsedNT Writers Endorsed
GenesisGenesisThe floodThe flood (Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:19-20; 2 Pet. (Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:19-20; 2 Pet. 2:4-5; 3:3-6)2:4-5; 3:3-6)
Call of AbrahamCall of Abraham (Acts 7:2-4; Heb. 11:8) (Acts 7:2-4; Heb. 11:8)
Promises to AbrahamPromises to Abraham (Acts 3:25-26; Gal. 3:8) (Acts 3:25-26; Gal. 3:8)
MelchizedekMelchizedek (Heb. 7:1-10) (Heb. 7:1-10)
Sodom & GomorrahSodom & Gomorrah (2 Pet. 2:6; Jude 6-7) (2 Pet. 2:6; Jude 6-7)
Lot’s deliveranceLot’s deliverance (2 Pet. 2:7) (2 Pet. 2:7)
Kevin KayKevin Kay
7575
NT Writers EndorsedNT Writers Endorsed
GenesisGenesisBirth of IsaacBirth of Isaac (Acts 7:8; Rom. 9:9; Heb. 11:11- (Acts 7:8; Rom. 9:9; Heb. 11:11-12)12)
Hagar & IshmaelHagar & Ishmael (Gal. 4:21-31) (Gal. 4:21-31)
Offer of IsaacOffer of Isaac (Heb. 11:17-19; Jas. 2:21) (Heb. 11:17-19; Jas. 2:21)
Jacob & EsauJacob & Esau (Rom. 9:12-13) (Rom. 9:12-13)
JosephJoseph (Acts 7:9-14) (Acts 7:9-14)
Kevin KayKevin Kay
Genesis & NT TeachingGenesis & NT TeachingPermanence of Permanence of marriagemarriage (Mt. 19:3-6) (Mt. 19:3-6)
Prohibition of Prohibition of cursingcursing (Jas. 3:9) (Jas. 3:9)
Role of Role of womenwomen (1 Tim. 2:12-15) (1 Tim. 2:12-15)
Salvation thru Salvation thru baptismbaptism (1 Pet. 3:20-21) (1 Pet. 3:20-21)
Promises about Promises about Second Coming Second Coming (Mt. 24:37ff)(Mt. 24:37ff)
Promise of Promise of resurrectionresurrection (1 Cor. 15:21-22) (1 Cor. 15:21-22)
Coming Coming condemnationcondemnation of ungodly (Jude 14f) of ungodly (Jude 14f)
End of End of worldworld (2 Pet. 3:3-7) (2 Pet. 3:3-7)
David Watts, Sr.David Watts, Sr. 8080
Antiquity & Internal EvidenceAntiquity & Internal Evidence
Divine names Divine names used only in Genesisused only in Genesis
Patriarchal names Patriarchal names used only in Genesisused only in Genesis
Place names Place names found only in Genesisfound only in Genesis
““Angelology”Angelology”
Unique practices Unique practices only in Genesisonly in Genesis
Would-be Would-be anachronismsanachronisms
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 8181
Patriarchal Family LifePatriarchal Family Life
AdoptionAdoption of an heir of an heir verifiedverified
Barren woman using Barren woman using surrogatesurrogate verified verified
Adoption of son-in-law Adoption of son-in-law as legal heir verifiedas legal heir verified
Long-distance Long-distance marriage arrangements marriage arrangements verifiedverified
Sale of birthrights Sale of birthrights confirmedconfirmed
Deathbed blessings Deathbed blessings verifiedverified
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 8282
PatriarchalPatriarchal
Business & LawBusiness & LawSlave prices Slave prices verifiedverified
Treaty or contract forms Treaty or contract forms verifiedverified
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 8383
Egypt in GenesisEgypt in Genesis
Settlement in Goshen Settlement in Goshen valid only in the valid only in the period represented in Genesisperiod represented in Genesis
Accurate Accurate Egyptian terminologyEgyptian terminology
Accurate portrait of Accurate portrait of Egyptian ideals, Egyptian ideals, culture, lifestyleculture, lifestyle
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 8484
Historicity Of GenesisHistoricity Of Genesis
Walter Kaiser: “Gn 1-11, according to my own rough count, contains sixty-four geographical names, eighty-eight personal names, forty-eight generic names and twenty-one identifiable cultural items….Each one of these items has the potential for exposing the text to error, for the names of the material of that day as well as the names of the individuals must be appropriate to the times and places in which these items are located….
8585Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Historicity Of GenesisHistoricity Of Genesis
Gn 1-11 clearly does not fit into the categories of myth, legend, parable, allegory, fairy tale, typology or saga…. Gn 1-11 is totally reliable and trustworthy when judged by the written claims of the author and judged according to the literary conventions of the day in which that author wrote.” (The Old Testament Documents: Are They Reliable & Relevant?, 82-83)
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If We Reject Genesis….If We Reject Genesis….
We Must Reject The BibleWe Must Reject The Bible
Kevin KayKevin Kay
Structural KeysStructural Keys
““TolToleedot” statementsdot” statements
GeographyGeography
Seed PromiseSeed Promise
CovenantCovenant
EmphasisEmphasis
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 8888
8989
““Generations” Of Generations” Of GenesisGenesis
Heavens & EarthHeavens & Earth (2:4ff)(2:4ff)
AdamAdam (5:1ff) (5:1ff)
NoahNoah (6:9ff) (6:9ff)
Sons Of NoahSons Of Noah (10:1ff)(10:1ff)
ShemShem (11:10ff)(11:10ff)
TerahTerah (11:27ff) (11:27ff)
IshmaelIshmael (25:12ff) (25:12ff)
IsaacIsaac (25:19ff) (25:19ff)
EsauEsau (36:1ff, 9ff) (36:1ff, 9ff)
JacobJacob (37:2ff) (37:2ff)
Kevin KayKevin Kay
““Generations” Of Generations” Of GenesisGenesis
Provide an Provide an overall structure overall structure to the bookto the book
ConnectConnect the individual stories the individual stories
Mark Mark turning points turning points or or major transitionsmajor transitions
Emphasize & reiterate the theme of the Emphasize & reiterate the theme of the promised seedpromised seed
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9191
Gen
. 1-1
1
Gen. 12-36
Gen. 37-50
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Seed PromiseSeed Promise
To serpentserpent (Gen. 3:15)
To AbrahamAbraham (Gen. 12:1ff; 13:14-17; 15:1-20; 17:1-21; 22:1-19)
To IsaacIsaac (Gen. 26:1-5, 23f)
To JacobJacob (Gen. 28:13-17; 32:24-32; 35:1, 9-12; 46:1-4)
9292Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
An Outline Of GenesisAn Outline Of GenesisPrimeval HistoryPrimeval History
(Gen. 1-11)(Gen. 1-11)
CreationCreation (Gen. 1-2) (Gen. 1-2)
The FallThe Fall (Gen. 3)(Gen. 3)
Cain & AbelCain & Abel (Gen. 4)(Gen. 4)
The FloodThe Flood (Gen. 6-9)(Gen. 6-9)
Tower of Babel Tower of Babel (Gen. (Gen. 11)11)
The PatriarchsThe Patriarchs(Gen. 12-50)(Gen. 12-50)
AbrahamAbraham (Gen. 12-25) (Gen. 12-25)
IsaacIsaac (Gen. 25-28) (Gen. 25-28)
JacobJacob (Gen. 28-35) (Gen. 28-35)
JosephJoseph (Gen. 37- 50) (Gen. 37- 50)
9393Kevin KayKevin Kay
9494
Primeval HistoryPrimeval History(Gen. 1-11)(Gen. 1-11)
(1650 years) (650 years)
(Gen. 3) (Gen. 4) (Gen. 6-9) (Gen. 11)(Gen. 1-2)
Kevin KayKevin Kay
9595
The PatriarchsThe Patriarchs(Gen. 12-50)(Gen. 12-50)
(215 years)
Abraham
Gen. 12-25
Isaac
Gen. 25-28
Jacob
Gen. 28-35
Joseph
Gen. 37-50
Kevin KayKevin Kay
Reading Biblical NarrativeReading Biblical Narrative
Top Level: Top Level: God’s universal plan to redeem man God’s universal plan to redeem man (creation, sin, redemption, incarnation, sacrifice)(creation, sin, redemption, incarnation, sacrifice)
Middle Level: Middle Level: Story of Israel (call of Abraham, Story of Israel (call of Abraham, seed promise, land promise, patriarchs, Egyptian seed promise, land promise, patriarchs, Egyptian enslavement, Exodus, Sinai, Monarchy, Exile, etc.)enslavement, Exodus, Sinai, Monarchy, Exile, etc.)
Bottom Level: Bottom Level: Individual stories (100s of people Individual stories (100s of people throughout Biblical history)throughout Biblical history)
9696Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Elements of the StoryElements of the Story
SceneScene
PlotPlot
Point of viewPoint of view
CharacterizationCharacterization
SettingSetting
DialogueDialogue
Key wordsKey words
StructureStructure
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 9797
Reading Biblical NarrativeReading Biblical Narrative
Not stories about people but about Not stories about people but about what God what God diddid to and through those people to and through those people
Not allegories Not allegories or stories filled with hidden or stories filled with hidden meaningsmeanings
OT narratives OT narratives do not do not always always teach directlyteach directly
Each episode Each episode does not does not necessarily have necessarily have a a moralmoral all its own all its own
9898Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Interpretive IssuesInterpretive Issues
““Day” Day” in Gen. 1in Gen. 1
Function of the Function of the genealogiesgenealogies (Gen. 5 & 11) (Gen. 5 & 11)
““Sons of God” Sons of God” (Gen. 6)(Gen. 6)
Extent of Extent of floodflood (Gen. 6-8) (Gen. 6-8)
Ungodly behavior Ungodly behavior of heroesof heroes
RelationRelation to other portions of Scripture to other portions of Scripture
Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton 9999
Interpretative PrinciplesInterpretative Principles
OT narrative does not usually teach a doctrine (cf. Gen. 1:27; 2:24 & Mt. 19:3-6; Ex. 3:6 & Mt. 22:31-32)
OT narrative usually illustrates a doctrine taught elsewhere
Narratives record what happened, not necessarily what should have happened
100100Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
Interpretative PrinciplesInterpretative Principles
People in narratives do not always behave the way they should
Sometimes the narrative does not tell us if something is good or bad
Narratives are always selective and incomplete
Narratives are not written to answer all our questions
Ultimately, God is the hero of every story
101101Cloyce SuttonCloyce Sutton
102102
E
N
M
I
T
Y
You [Satan] (Rev. 12:9; 20:2)
The woman [Eve] (2 Cor. 11:3)
Your seed [Wicked] (Jn. 8:44; 1 Jn. 3:8, 10)
Her seed [Righteous] (1 Jn. 3:10)
You shall bruise His heel [The crucifixion] (Lk. 22:53; Jn. 14:30)
He shall bruise your head [The crucifixion & resurrection] (Jn. 12:27-33; Col. 2:13-15; Heb. 2:14-15)
Genesis 3:15Genesis 3:15
Kevin KayKevin Kay
103103
Gen. 3:15: Gen. 3:15: ““And I will put enmity Between And I will put enmity Between you and the woman, And between your you and the woman, And between your seed and her Seed; seed and her Seed; He shall bruise your He shall bruise your head, And you shall bruise His heelhead, And you shall bruise His heel.”.”
Gen. 12:3: Gen. 12:3: ““I will bless those who bless I will bless those who bless you, And I will curse him who curses you; you, And I will curse him who curses you; And And in you all the families of the in you all the families of the earth shall be blessedearth shall be blessed.”.”
Messianic PropheciesMessianic Prophecies
Kevin KayKevin Kay
104104
Gen. 22:18: “Gen. 22:18: “In your seed all the In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessednations of the earth shall be blessed, , because you have obeyed My voice.”because you have obeyed My voice.”
Gen. 49:10: Gen. 49:10: ““The scepter shall not depart The scepter shall not depart from Judah, Nor a lawgiver from between from Judah, Nor a lawgiver from between his feet, his feet, Until Shiloh comesUntil Shiloh comes; And to Him ; And to Him shall beshall be the obedience of the people.” the obedience of the people.”
Messianic PropheciesMessianic Prophecies
Kevin KayKevin Kay