Before you drop it once, we've dropped

our new pH electrode 10 times.Not that we're accident-prone ... dropping our new pH electrodeis one way of verifying its ruggedness.

And we've combined this ruggedness with outstanding stability,by making the internal element of packed calomel. This notonly yields more mass-for voltage and thermal stability-but alsoprolongs electrode life.

The new Leeds & Northrup electrode has many otherthings to recommend it...F11 It's internally shielded, to eliminate pick-up effects.E1 Sodium-ion error is extremely low.El Its pH range is 0 to 14 pH.O It has a broad temperature range-from 10 to 90 C.

(It may even be used intermittently to 100 C.)And of course, as with all L&N pH electrodes, it's guaranteed

against operating defects for one year. FFor more information and the name of the pH dealer

nearest you, write to Leeds & Northrup, North Wales, Pa. 19454.We've got the drop on pH electrodes.

LEEDS &c NORTRUPPioneers in Precision

Subsidiaries in Canada, Mexico, England, Italy, AustraliaiAgents throughout the world.

SCIENCE, VOL. 160722

the National Defense Education Act(NDEA); the college work-study pro-gram; the program of educational op-portunity grants under the Higher Edu-cation Act; and the guaranteed loanprogram under the Higher EducationAct], the House adopted three more re-

strictive amendments.The first, introduced by Representa-

tive Neal Smith (D-lowa), provided that"No loan, guarantee of a loan, or grant. . .shall be awarded to any applicantwho has been convicted by any courtof general jurisdiction of any cr'imewhich involves . force, trespass, or

the seizure of property under controlof an institution of higher education.

The second, introduced by Wyman.

den'ied educational assistance to "anyindividual who, at any time after theeffective date of this act, willfully re-

fuses to obey a lawful regulation or

order of the university or college whichhe is attending or at which he is em-

ployed when such willful refusal is cer-

tified by the appropriate university or

college authority to have been of a

serious nature and contributed to thedisruption of university or college ad-ministration. . 9"The third, introduced by Representa-

tive William J. Scherle (R-Towa). de-nied assistance to "any individual con-

victed in any federal, state or localcourt . of inciting, promoting or car-

rying on a riot, or convicted of any

group activity resulting in material dam-age to property, or injury to persons.

Wyman's amendment was placed inthe portion of the bill relating toNDEA, but the congressman intendedit to apply to all of the educational aidprograms covered in the bill, and a

HouIse legal expert believes it is wordedin such a way that it does, indeed, applyto all four programs. The matter may

be clarified before the bill becomes law.The other two amendments clearly ap-

ply to all four programs.

The three amendments passed easilyby voice votes, but the strength of feel-ing against campus rebels became fullyapparent when a separate vote was de-manded on Wyman's amendment. Thetally was 306 yeas, 54 nays, and 73 notvoting.

Congressmen who supported theamendments generally argued that it isa "privilege" to receive federal financialassistance and that the taxpayers shouldnot be expected to support studentswho disrupt university life. As Repre-

17 MAY 1968

sentative Otis G. Pike (D-New York)expressed it: "I have told my own chil-dren ... that they can do anything theywant to at college. They can tie up thedean. . . . They can steal papers outof the office. They can do anything, be-cause I aimn physically unable to preventthem. My son can beat me up, andmy daughter is too old for spanking.But, if they do these things, they are notgoing to do them at my expense. Theyare going to do them at their own ex-pense. .

Opponents criticized the amendmentson a variety of grounds, including thefollowing:

0 Some of the amendments punishindividuals without due process of law,a factor which may make them uncon-stitutional.

- All of the amendments discrimi-nate against the poor, since they wouldnot affect wealthy students who are notreceiving federal assistance.

- The amendments constitute athreat to academic freedom since thefederal government would, in essence,be intruding in internal university mat-ters.

0 The amendments attempt to usescientific and educational aid programsas a punitive device, a use for whichthey were never intended. If Congresswants to punish college demonstrators,it should use a more direct approach.

0 Federal assistance is not a "priv-ilege" or a reward for good behavior,as Congress seems to think, but is aninvestment aimed at producing trainedmanpower and research in the nationalinterest. The amendments may thus un-

dercut the national interest.- The amendments might actually

aggravate tense campus situations be-cause there would be bitter controversyover whether to invoke the sanctions.

b The amendments introduce numer-

ous practical difficulties. Will they. forexample, discourage banks and otherlending institutions from participatingin the guaranteed college loan program?The future of the restrictive legisla-

tion is not completely clear. Congress-man Wyman plans to offer similaramendments to every suitable bill thatcomes along. Meanwhile, the HouseCommittee on Education and Labor,whose chairman Carl D. Perkins (D-Kentucky) expressed concern over thelack of thought given to the ramifica-tions of the amendments, plans to holdhearings on the best way to deal withcollege disruptions. And whatever theHouse does must still be approved by

the Senate, with any differences re-solved in a joint House-Senate confer-ence committee.Some observers think the restrictions

are so unworkable and so unlikely to beinvoked that it may not make much dif-ference whether the legislation passes.Others believe the legislation might bechallenged in court. But one wag is con-vinced he has hit on a sure-fire way tostop the drive for restrictive legislation.He suggests that students form a Wy-man for Congress Club and hold a dis-ruptive demonstration at the Universityof New Hampshire. in Wyman's homestate.-PHILIP M. BOFFEY

APROINTTMENTS

E. T. Hayes W. R. Hibbard, Jr.

Earl T. Hayes, deputy director ofthe Bureau of Mines, to director of thebureau. Hayes is succeeding Walter R.Hibbard, Jr., who is leaving to becomevice president of research and develop-ment of Owens-Corning FiberglasCorporation.... John K. Hulm, direc-tor of the solid-state sciences depart-ment, Westinghouse Research Labora-tories, will represent private industryon the NSF Advisory Committee forScience Education. . . . James M. Rox-burgh, administrator of the scholarshipand fellowship programs at the NationalResearch Council in Ottawa, to secre-tary of the Medical Research Council.. . . George C. Sponsler III, directorof the Center for Exploratory Studiesfor the Federal Systems Division ofIBM, to executive secretary of the divi-sion of engineering of the NationalResearch Council. . . . Donald F.Squires, deputy director of the Smith-sonian's Museum of Natural History, todirector of the Marine Sciences Re-search Center of the State Universityof New York at Stony Brook.

Erratumi: In the report, "Tritiated digoxin bind-ing to (Na+ + K+)-activated adenosine triphospha-tase: possible allosteric site" by Arnold Schwartzet al. (p. 323, 19 Apr.), the opening parenthesesof line 6, coltumn 3, has been omitted. The lineshould read "(Na+ + K+)-activated adenosine tri-phlosphatase.... The last line of paragraph Ishould read "K+-dependent phosphatase reaction(6)" and not "... plhosphate reaction...."

751

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a visiting professor at the University ofChicago froml the University of War-saw, Poland, reported resuLlts provinthis abilitv to mlake the miiost accuratecoIpUtlations to d'ate on the simiplcstmlolecuLles, particularly the hy drogenmlolecule. Using a large compulter at theUniversity of Chicago, Kolos hLas beenable to determiiine the stability and sizeof the nmolecule by mal.king accuLratecomptlaltions of its binding energy.

Somle new ideas on the treatmtient ofelectron scattering by.atomns w ere re-ported by Frank H. Harris of StanfordUniversity and Harvey H. Michels,United Aircraft Research Laboratories,East Hartford, ConnecticuLt. The re-sulIts reported on simlple systemis agreew ell wxith results of other mlethods andthe new ideas seenm to have great proml-ise and application to mlulch more coIml-plicated situLations, even electron scat-tering by molecules.

Bernid T. Matthias, Universitv olCalifornia, La Jolla, pLut forth somiletheories, followed by sUbstantiating,data, to show that stLIperconduLctiVitV ismore complex than xx as previouslythought. He reported experimiienital evi-dence for the existence of at least fourtypes of superconductors. Some hadisotope effects; others had negative orpositive characteristics; and somile haldno isotope effects.

Matthias discussed the mlechanismii ofphonon interaction, the valence-elec-tron mechanism fotLind in certain tran-sition metals, the f-electron mechanismin lanthanutm and uraniuLm and finallvthe new exciting results fotLind in mIetalborides.

The quantum theory institute, heldannulLly at the Universits of Floridasince 1960, opens in December for 4weeks on the Florida Cam1pLuS. It thenmoves to Sanibel Island for 3 weeks.The final week is divided between theinstituite and the synposiLlillu.

During the last week, scientists helddiscuLssion on the role of the scientist

in modern society. These observationswxere miade:

I ) Societx does have a right to kno\ww\here its money is being spent; thtusit is necessary that a certain almouLnt otscience muLIst be applied to practical re-SLilts.

22) 1The scientist also mlust be givena degree of time to puLrsuLe knowledgefor the sake of knowledge itself.

3 ) There is a danger that societv'sdemalind for application may resuIlt in

gYovernment and industry reducingy Sutp-port for basic research.

4) Scientists need a strong orga,(ni-798

zation that will provide theml with neggo-tiating, streng,th and the tool to tell theirstory to the puLblic.

5) The better stuLdents are being at-tracted to the imiore exotic fields of sci-ence, and the basic sciences are suLffer-ing as a resuLlt.

IRv Er) LSONDi is ionl of IltlJforlrtiOtl SerX'ices,UniiversitY of Flori(da. Gaineisi-ille

Calendar of Events

Courses

Images and Wrords, Santa Crulz, Calif.,1-13 July. Intended for photographers,w titers, editors, historians, MLuseulmll cuLra-tors, and others who need a basic know l-edge of the principles and techniiquLesinvolved in mnaking and procuLring photo-graphs for puLblication, preparing captions,and comiibining them with text. Fee: $175(does not include housing aind meals).(Unixversitv of California Extension, SalntaCl-Lz 95()60)NAT'O Advanced Study Institute in Psy-

chogenetics, University of Birminghalm,Fngland, 5-18 September. Is intendedprimarily for gr,adUates in psy chology orgenetics or allied fields. Discussions aindpracticall wxork w ill cover the main ap-proaches to the problerns of behavioralinheritance as displayed in a variety oforganismls. incltuding man. (Professor P. L.Broadhurst or Professor J. L. Jinks. P.O.Box 563, University of Birmingham, Bir-minghamn 15, England)

Iterative Analog Computation, Rol a.,Mo.. 24-28 June. Topics will incltude theconfigurations and control of the opera-tional amplifier, digital logic components,the interface components which establishanalog logic communications, and proc-ess engineering problem solutions on thepalrallel hybrid computer. Participantsshould hold at least a bachelor s degreeand should be familiar with programmingand operating anailog computers. Fee:$175. (Extension Division, University ofMissouri-Rolla, Rolla 65401)

Current Trends in Automatic ControlTheory. St. LoLiIS, MIo., 19-24 AuLg. In-Cluded x-will be some of the latest topicalare.as of imodern control theory. 'I he pre-requisite mathematical level will be a go-EodNI.S.; however, lectures will be conduLctedin a manner sLlitatble for stimUlating ad-vanced research workers. (Dr. G. L. Ester-sonI, Box 1048, Institute for ContinulingEducation in Engineering and AppliedScience, Washington Unix ersity. St. LoUis,NMo. 63 130)

Analysis of Settlement in Soils, Madi-son, Wis., 17-21 June. The cotir-se, whichis intended for practicing engineers andcontractors, will consider 'approalches tothe determination of stresses and dlisplace-ments in soil malsses, aIS well a1s riethodsof analvzing total soil settlement. Fee:$ 150. ( Dr. Dwight D. Zeck, CoLurse Co-ordinator, University of Wisconsin-Uni-versitv Extension, 432 North Lake St.,Madison 537t)6)

SCIENCE, VOL. 160