Beeswax used for repairing damaged dry human bones
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Transcript of Beeswax used for repairing damaged dry human bones
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Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy
Shruthi Bhat, Sheela G Nayak, Vidhyashambava Pare, Sagar Borker
Kurinji Venkatramana Gowda Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka
National journal of clinical anatomy
Vol. 2(4), Pg: 200-203
2013
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Beeswax
• The wax is formed by worker bees
• Initially glass-clear and colourless
• becoming opaque after mastication and adulteration with pollen
• to build honeycomb cells
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Contents
• Hydrocarbons
• Monoesters, diesters, triesters
• Hydroxy polyesters
• Acid esters, acid polyesters
• Free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols
• Unidentified substances
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Physical charecteristics
• Tough wax
• Low melting point – 62 – 64 degree Celsius
• Discolours when heated above 85 degree c
• Cold – brittle
• Room temperature – tenascious
• Soft & pliable @ 35-40 degree c
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Uses
• Types – yellow(crude), white(bleached) & beeswax absolute(treated with alcohol)
• Used for – food, cosmetics & pharmaceuticals
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Food
• Food additive
• Glazing agent
• Coat cheese, fruits
• Ingredient in chewing gum
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Cosmetics
• Substitute for petroleum jelly
• Lip balm, lip gloss, hand creams, eye liners, eye shadow, etc.
• Moustache wax
• Hair pomades
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Clincally
• Surgical bone wax – control bleeding from bone surface
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Historical use
• Lost wax casting “cire – perdue”
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• Wax tablets
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• Encaustic paintings
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• Strengthen sewing thread
• Sealing wax
• Didgeridoo
• Tooth filling
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Objective
• Studied use of beeswax to repair damaged dry human bones used in anatomy.
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Materials & methodology
• Spirit lamp, forceps, scissors, scalpel, quick fix, varnish, copper wire, enamel paint, paint brush & spatula.
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How to extract
• Step 1
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• Step 2
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• Step 3
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• Step 4
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Waxcloth
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• Crude wax placed on damaged bones
• Given correct shape manually
• Applied fast gum
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Repaired pelvis
• Articulated ilium with sacrum & counter part
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Skull
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Hyoid bone
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Scapula
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Rib cage
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Discussion
• Students who use bone set often don’t know to maintain it
• Fail to understand negative impact
• No special demonstration prescribed by Medical education in India
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Conclusion
• Simple to use
• Cost effective
• Appropriate technique to repair bones in anatomy
• Bones can be used for long periods
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Thank you