Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11
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![Page 1: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Beech Bark Disease Workshop
November 17, 2011
![Page 2: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• the native twice- stabbed ladybeetle feeds on the scale insect but not enough to act as a biocontrol
![Page 3: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• This tree shows cracking, which may be due to a variety of factors, including stress from scale insect feeding. There is a trace amount of scale present (below)
![Page 4: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• There may be staining on the bark for a variety of reasons – many different fungi and other stresses can affect the cambium and cause this colouration.
• This particular tree has the fungus at its root flare (patches of red dots)
![Page 5: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Fungus on smooth bark.• The right side of the tree
has cracking which might be due to stress from scale feeding
![Page 6: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• This tree is heavily infected with the fungus
• There are also scattered older- looking cankers that have split open which might be from an earlier wave of the disease
![Page 7: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• It’s important to look at the whole tree, as a tree may not have obvious signs of scale or canker at eye level
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• Fungal fruiting bodies, with scale evident around the edge of the fungal infection area
• The scale tend to feed in areas where there is no fungus so they can access the living tissue
![Page 9: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• This tree is currently infested with the fungus, which is fruiting (long stripe of red on left side of tree).
• It also has signs of older cankers (lumps on right side of tree)
![Page 10: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Native Sirex wasps (above flagging tape) will target dying trees to lay eggs. They inject a fungus for the larva to feed on.
• This tree appears to have been attacked by multiple waves of the disease.
• Older cankers have penetrated into the cambium
• Scale insect is currently present, as are fruiting bodies of the fungus
![Page 11: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• This tree is heavily infected.
• It has lots of older cankers, as well as this year’s fungal fruiting bodies
![Page 12: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• This tree appears to be uninfected, even though many trees around it are heavily infected.
• The pimples could be due to stress from scale feeding or other stressors
![Page 13: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• This tree has old beech bark disease cankers that are very deep (left side)
• It also has a lot of scale on it (right side), feeding on the remaining living tissue.
![Page 14: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• This tree is very gnarly, but it’s not due to beech bark disease. Beech has up to 80 fungal pathogens that can affect it.
• It does currently have the scale insects feeding on it.
![Page 15: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• More badly infected trees likely hit by multiple waves of the disease.
![Page 16: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• This heavily infected tree still has a healthy crown.
![Page 17: Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042900/568bf2321a28ab893395c87d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• This small tree has a heavy scale infestation.
• When smaller trees have a lot of scale, it indicates that the infestation in the area must be heavy, since they are a smaller target for the insects to hit.
• This is not a laughing matter. ☺
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