Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11
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Transcript of Beech_Bark_Disease_Workshop11
Beech Bark Disease Workshop
November 17, 2011
• the native twice- stabbed ladybeetle feeds on the scale insect but not enough to act as a biocontrol
• This tree shows cracking, which may be due to a variety of factors, including stress from scale insect feeding. There is a trace amount of scale present (below)
• There may be staining on the bark for a variety of reasons – many different fungi and other stresses can affect the cambium and cause this colouration.
• This particular tree has the fungus at its root flare (patches of red dots)
• Fungus on smooth bark.• The right side of the tree
has cracking which might be due to stress from scale feeding
• This tree is heavily infected with the fungus
• There are also scattered older- looking cankers that have split open which might be from an earlier wave of the disease
• It’s important to look at the whole tree, as a tree may not have obvious signs of scale or canker at eye level
• Fungal fruiting bodies, with scale evident around the edge of the fungal infection area
• The scale tend to feed in areas where there is no fungus so they can access the living tissue
• This tree is currently infested with the fungus, which is fruiting (long stripe of red on left side of tree).
• It also has signs of older cankers (lumps on right side of tree)
• Native Sirex wasps (above flagging tape) will target dying trees to lay eggs. They inject a fungus for the larva to feed on.
• This tree appears to have been attacked by multiple waves of the disease.
• Older cankers have penetrated into the cambium
• Scale insect is currently present, as are fruiting bodies of the fungus
• This tree is heavily infected.
• It has lots of older cankers, as well as this year’s fungal fruiting bodies
• This tree appears to be uninfected, even though many trees around it are heavily infected.
• The pimples could be due to stress from scale feeding or other stressors
• This tree has old beech bark disease cankers that are very deep (left side)
• It also has a lot of scale on it (right side), feeding on the remaining living tissue.
• This tree is very gnarly, but it’s not due to beech bark disease. Beech has up to 80 fungal pathogens that can affect it.
• It does currently have the scale insects feeding on it.
• More badly infected trees likely hit by multiple waves of the disease.
• This heavily infected tree still has a healthy crown.
• This small tree has a heavy scale infestation.
• When smaller trees have a lot of scale, it indicates that the infestation in the area must be heavy, since they are a smaller target for the insects to hit.
• This is not a laughing matter. ☺