Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A...
Transcript of Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A...
![Page 1: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin
Holly A Petrillo
Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology
University of Wisconsin- Stevens Point
![Page 2: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• Beech Bark Disease (BBD) biology & disease triangle
• BBD monitoring and impact analysis system
• BBD in WI, results 2011-13
• BBD monitoring 2014 & beyond
![Page 3: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BBD Disease Triangle
Host Pathogen(s)
Environment
![Page 4: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Host:
American beech
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
![Page 5: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Environment:
Exotic beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga
![Page 6: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tree characteristics affecting scale abundance
• DBH
• Tree age
• Bark characteristics
• Tree side
• Bark nitrogen
• Area of live bark
• Other organisms colonizing bark
![Page 7: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pathogen(s)
• Several species ascomycete fungi in genus Neonectria
– N. faginata (exotic)
– N. ditissima (N. galligena) (native)
– N. ochroleuca (now Bionectria ochroleuca)
![Page 8: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Factors influencing scale & pathogen presence
• Proximity to other local scale and Nectria infestations
• Wind patterns
• Continuity & density of beech stands
• Movement of scales and Neonectria on ornamental trees, firewood, and vehicles
• Spread by mammals, birds, and other organisms
![Page 9: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Three stages of BBD invasion
• Advancing front
– Beech scale only; ~6 miles/ year
• Killing front
– Neonectria, American beech mortality
• Aftermath forest
– Extensive mortality, defects in residual trees
![Page 11: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Life in the aftermath forest
• High beech mortality
• Release of beech sprouts
• Dense thickets of beech
• Resistant beech
![Page 12: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ecological impacts of BBD on wildlife
BBD
vegetation structure
mast
cavities
Modified from Storer et al. 2005
![Page 13: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Beech Bark Disease Monitoring and Impact Analysis System
• Extensive plots
– Only beech trees measured
• Intensive plots
– All species measured for health
![Page 14: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Extensive Plot Design
• 30 prism points= 30 beech measured/ stand
• 79 plots established
x
x
x
x
x
x
![Page 15: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Intensive Plot Design
Azimuth 90 degrees
Azimuth 180 degrees
Azimuth 270 degrees
Azimuth 360 degrees
Radius of each subplot is 7.32 m (24 ft)
Subplot 2
Subplot 3
Subplot 4
Subplot 5
Subplot 1
Distance between subplot centers
is 36.6 m (120 ft)
Azimuth 90 degrees
Azimuth 180 degrees
Azimuth 270 degrees
Azimuth 360 degrees
Radius of each subplot is 7.32 m (24 ft)
Subplot 2
Subplot 3
Subplot 4
Subplot 5
Subplot 1
Distance between subplot centers
is 36.6 m (120 ft)
Azimuth 90 degrees
Azimuth 180 degrees
Azimuth 270 degrees
Azimuth 360 degrees
Radius of each subplot is 7.32 m (24 ft)
Subplot 2
Subplot 3
Subplot 4
Subplot 5
Subplot 1
Azimuth 90 degrees
Azimuth 180 degrees
Azimuth 270 degrees
Azimuth 360 degrees
Radius of each subplot is 7.32 m (24 ft)
Subplot 2
Subplot 3
Subplot 4
Subplot 5
Subplot 1
Distance between subplot centers
is 36.6 m (120 ft)
• All species measured within plots • 15 plots established
![Page 16: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Field measurements
• Basal area
• Live crown ratio
• Foliage transparency & density
• Crown dieback
• Light exposure
• Vigor
• Crown class
• Up to 3 damages
• Beech scale on NESW sides of tree
![Page 17: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BBD in Wisconsin
• Beech scale first detected in Door County, 2009
• Beech scale found in 9 counties, 54% of plots
• No detection of Neonectria perithecia
![Page 18: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Current beech scale
distribution in Wisconsin
Photo courtesy of Bill McNee, WI DNR
![Page 19: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Plot locations & beech scale presence by County
County # plots total # plots w/ scale % plots w/ scale
Dodge 1 1 100
Door 30 20 67
Fond du Lac 1 0 0
Forest 3 1 33
Langlade 1 0 0
Manitowoc 4 2 50
Marinette 5 1 20
Menominee 22 8 36
Oconto 5 5 100
Ozaukee 6 4 67
Sheboygan 1 1 100
![Page 20: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Impact of BBD on tree health in Wisconsin
• Beech makes up 5-47% of stands sampled
• Most scale populations very low
• Door County, Nicolet National Forest
– Highest beech scale populations
– Highest % trees/stand with beech scale
– Highest beech mortality (Door County)
![Page 21: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
BBD-Resistant trees
• 1-5% American beech resistant
![Page 23: Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud€¦ · Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin Holly A Petrillo Associate Professor of Forest Entomology & Pathology University of Wisconsin-](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070112/605792257c9731745f609987/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ongoing work
• Data analysis, risk assessment of uninfected areas
• Apply for more funding to continue sampling in the future
• Development of guidelines for decreasing scale movement & impact