Bedford Union Armory Report Final

1907

BEDFORD

ARMORY UNION

THE BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY:VISION OF A NEIGHBORHOOD ANCHOR

Patrick HessAaron MeyersonEmily OsgoodJoanna ReynoldsLisa Roberts

May 7, 2012

Prepared for the Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz

THE BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: VISION OF A NEIGHBORHOOD ANCHOR PREPARED FOR THE BROOKLYN BOROUGH PRESIDENT MARTY MARKOWITZ May 2012 PREPARED BY NYU CAPSTONE TEAM

Patrick Hess

Aaron Meyerson

Emily Osgood

Joanna Reynolds

Lisa Roberts

SPECIAL THANKS TO:

Marty Markowitz, Brooklyn Borough President

Carlo A. Scissura, Senior Advisor, Brooklyn Borough President’s Office

Andrew Steininger, Director, Brooklyn Borough President’s Office

P a g e 4 | 0 . 0 Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s

0.0Table of Contents1. ExEcutivE Summary

2. acknowlEdgEmEntS

3. ProjEct ovErviEw

4. Background and ExiSting conditionSa. armoryB. community

5. comParaBlE PlacE-BaSEd rEvitalization EffortSa. nEw york cityB. othEr u.S.c. intErnational

6. comParaBlE armoriESa. nEw york cityB. othEr u.S.

7. community EngagEmEnta. oPEn houSE & town hall mEEtingB. StakEholdEr intErviEwS

8. guiding PrinciPlES for thE rEdEvEloPmEnt ProcESS

9. rEcommEndationSa. oPErationSB. uSESc. additional

10. dEvEloPmEnt PotEntial

11. immEdiatE nExt StEPS

12. concluSion

13. EndnotES

14. BiBliograPhy

15. aPPEndicES

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P a g e 5 | 1 . 0 E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1.0Executive Summary

The Bedford-Union Armory in Crown Heights,

Brooklyn, was constructed by the United

States government at the turn of the twentieth

century as part of a nationwide network of urban

armories. As a response to Civil War draft riots

and labor unrest, armories built in the decades

before and after the turn of the century initially

provided space for local military units. Since

then, they have served a range of functions for

the National Guard, from storage facilities to

emergency response command centers. Like

many other armories, the Bedford-Union Armory

is an architectural gem. Over time, however, these

impressive buildings became less necessary for

the military, and many were left abandoned or

unused. In recent years, a number of municipalities

nationwide have reinvented their armories as

civic assets, providing space for commercial

and community activity.

The Bedford-Union Armory has the potential to

become a revitalizing force for the communities

and neighborhoods of central Brooklyn. Despite

Brooklyn’s renaissance over the past decade,

parts of central Brooklyn still suffer from chronic

poverty, high unemployment, and low educational

attainment. The Brooklyn Borough President’s

Office is currently conceptualizing a new initiative to

provide comprehensive support services to central

Brooklyn residents, with the goal of catalyzing

community development through improved

access to resources within the neighborhood.

The Borough President’s Office envisions the

Bedford-Union Armory as an anchor for this

initiative.

Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz

initiated the Bedford-Union Armory redevelopment

analysis project and enlisted the NYU Wagner

Capstone Team to gather a set of visions for the

future of the Bedford-Union Armory. The report

first reviews the history of the Armory and the

P a g e 6 | 1 . 0 E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

surrounding neighborhood context. Second, it

explores comparable armory redevelopments

and community revitalization initiatives. Third,

the report presents an overview of and findings

from the community engagement undertaken

by the Capstone Team. Finally, through these

comparisons and analyses, the Bedford-Union

Armory redevelopment analysis identifies best

practices and provides a set of visions for the

redevelopment of the Armory.

The Bedford-Union Armory: Vision of a Neighborhood

Anchor is the result of background research,

community outreach, stakeholder interviews,

public meetings, and technical research regarding

the feasibility of future possibilities for the Armory.

The recommendations, outlined below, seek

to balance the wealth of suggestions the NYU

Wagner Capstone Team received from community

stakeholders with the realities and constraints of

refurbishing and operating a large facility of this

kind. In the primary recommendation, Scenario

1, the Armory would be transformed into a

multipurpose community facility offering space

for athletics and recreation, arts programming,

and social services.

The Bedford-Union Armory: Vision of a Neighborhood

Anchor is the essential first step towards

redevelopment – a vision of what is possible.

It also suggests steps to begin the process of

making this vision a reality. Realizing the Armory’s

potential will require broad collaboration among

stakeholders from the local to the city and state

levels, within the public and private sectors, and

it will require sustained community engagement.

Ultimately, a sustainable financial structure for

this community asset is likely to come from a

mix of public and private resources, which will

present exciting opportunities as well as possible

challenges. The Bedford-Union Armory holds

enormous potential to be the centerpiece of

an inclusive, healthy, and dynamic future for

central Brooklyn.

P a g e 7 | 2 . 0 A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

2.0Acknowledgements

P a g e 8 | 2 . 0 A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

AcknowledgementsThank you to the many people whose knowledge and input made this report possible:

Office of the Brooklyn Borough PresidentMarty Markowitz, Brooklyn Borough PresidentCarlo A. Scissura, Senior Advisor, Brooklyn Borough President’s OfficeAndrew Steininger, Director, Brooklyn Borough President’s OfficeAnn Marie Adamson, Housing Policy LiaisonRichard Bearak, Land Use, DirectorNan Blackshear, Community Services/Seniors, DirectorLuke DePalma, Policy & Planning/Transportation, DirectorKai Feder, Capital Budget/Economic DevelopmentItalia Guerrero, Health & Food Initiatives Policy LiaisonJon Paul Lupo, Communications, DirectorKevin Parris, Land Use CoordinatorXamayla Rose, Youth Policy LiaisonMark Zustovich, Press Secretary

NYU Wagner Capstone AdvisorsKei HayashiSteven Jacobs

Community Stakeholders and Subject Matter Experts Kwayera Archer-Cunningham, President and Chief Executive Officer, IfetayoSowonee Duworko, Medgar Evers CollegeAmy Ellenbogen, Director, Crown Heights Community Mediation CenterMichelle George, District Manager, Brooklyn Community Board 8Rabbi Jacob Goldstein, Chair, Brooklyn Community Board 9Chris Grove, NYC Department of Citywide Administrative Services Jesse Hamilton, Office of State Senator Eric AdamsScott Hobbs, New York UniversityNeil Irvin, Executive Director, Men Can Stop RapeAllen James, Program Manager, S.O.S. Crown HeightsHon. Letitia James, City Council Member, District 35Andrea Lenhart, DesignerMartin Maher, Chief of Staff, NYC Parks DepartmentGretchen Maneval, Director, Center for the Study of BrooklynNina Melendandri, Crow Hill Community Association Pearl Miles, District Manager, Brooklyn Community Board 9Dr. William Pollard, President, Medgar Evers CollegeFelix Ramos, NYS Division of Military and Naval AffairsPatricia Rock, Vice President, CRA Division Manager, Sovereign Bank Joe Samalin, Coordinator of Training and Technical Assistance, Men Can Stop RapeEligio Santiago, Superintendent, NYS Division of Military and Naval AffairsJoe Santiago, NYS Division of Military and Naval AffairsKen Wilcox, Director, Athletic Department, ASA CollegeKristin Zecher, University of Hartford

An additional thank you is extended to Medgar Evers College for hosting the Town Hall Meeting on January 9, 2012 and to all the community members who attended the Town Hall Meeting and Armory Open House. Feedback from these events was invaluable to this report.

P a g e 9 | 3 . 0 P r o j e c t O v e r v i e w

3.0Project OverviewIn September 2011, the Brooklyn Borough

President’s Office (“BBPO”) invited an NYU

Wagner Urban Planning Capstone Team (“the

Capstone Team”) to explore future options for

the Bedford-Union Armory (“the Armory”). At

the time of publication, the New York State

National Guard was in the process of transferring

ownership of the Armory to the City of New York.

The Armory is located in central Brooklyn and

is well positioned to provide comprehensive

services to the residents of the area. Over the

past ten to fifteen years, central Brooklyn has not

seen the same dramatic changes as some other

neighborhoods. Revitalizing the Armory for the

community’s benefit is an opportunity for New

York City government to show its commitment

to this neighborhood’s future.

From September 2011 through April 2012,

the Capstone Team conducted research and

organized outreach efforts to determine what

kinds of community resources can best be

housed in the Bedford-Union Armory, and how

the space may be transformed to provide these

services. The Capstone Team reviewed place-

based, multifaceted community redevelopment

programs in New York City, elsewhere in the

United States, and around the world, for

insights and best practices. The team surveyed

community assets, interviewed stakeholders,

and compiled data on demographics, crime,

health, and available resources, among other

neighborhood statistics. To understand the

Armory’s physical condition, the Capstone

Team visited the site, toured the facility, and

analyzed the building’s zoning, history, and

redevelopment potential.

The Capstone Team organized a community

Open House of the Armory held on January

P a g e 1 0 | 3 . 0 P r o j e c t O v e r v i e w

Bedford-Union Armory

nearby residents had been granted access

to the Armory, and over one hundred guests

attended and received tours of the facility. The

evening of the Open House, the Capstone Team

facilitated a community Town Hall at Medgar

attended. Borough President Marty Markowitz

and other local leaders in attendance listened

as community members had the opportunity

to share in a formal manner their ideas for the

Armory’s future.

At the conclusion of the study, the Capstone

for the Bedford-Union Armory revitalization

President on April 25, 2012.

P a g e 1 1 | 4 . 0 B a c k g r o u n d a n d E x i s t i n g C o n d i t i o n s

4.0Background and Existing Conditions

Location

The Bedford-Union Armory, originally named the Troop C Armory, is located at 1579 Bedford Avenue at

the intersection of Union Street in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. A formidable presence in the neighborhood,

the 105-year-old building covers nearly eighty percent of the block bounded by Bedford and Rogers

Avenues on the west and east sides, and Union and President Streets to the north and south. The Armory

is situated within the boundaries

of Brooklyn Community District

9 (“CD 9”) and the 71st Police

Precinct. Nearby neighborhoods

include Prospect Heights, Flatbush,

Prospect-Lefferts Gardens, and

Bedford-Stuyvesant, and multiple

bus and subway routes pass in

close proximity to the Armory.

A. Bedford-Union Armory


BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

History

The Bedford-Union Armory was constructed at

the turn of the twentieth century, an era when

New York City’s built environment was expanding

rapidly and the National Guard was becoming

increasingly active. New York’s construction

industry boomed with private investment; between

1902 and 1913, the Flatiron, the Metropolitan

Life, and the Woolworth buildings added their

grand silhouettes to the Manhattan skyline.

Public investment in infrastructure was equally

transformative; during this time the Manhattan

BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

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View of the drill hall showcasing the high-vaulted ceiling and domed roof. Source: Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn Collection

Interior of Armory: now a small gym. Source: Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn Collection

and construction of Grand Central Terminal

began. New York State was also investing in

the construction of numerous National Guard

armories.

Armory development proliferated throughout

the United States after the passage of the 1903

Dick Military Act, which consolidated state

militias into single state National Guard entities.1

Safety and policing were key policy priorities in

the post-Civil War era, as protests, riots, and

violence were common. The National Guard

played a civic peacekeeping and law-enforcement

role during this time.2 Armories provided

space for troops to train, store equipment,

and spend off-duty time, and their imposing

physical presences conveyed the importance

of protecting community safety.3 Between the

late eighteenth and the middle of the twentieth

centuries, the New York State National Guard

built approximately 120 armories, including the

Troop C Armory and six other large armories

in New York City.4

Troop C

The Troop C Cavalry Unit has a long history in

central Brooklyn. Organized as an official militia

unit in 1895, Troop C’s officers and enlisted

men fought in Puerto Rico during the Spanish-

American War and participated in the suppression

of riots during the Croton Dam Strike in 1900.5

In 1906, the Unit, then known as Squadron C,

was incorporated into the New York National

Guard.6 Squadron C merged with other New

York City cavalry units in 1911, becoming the

First Regiment of Cavalry. By 1921 the Unit had

been fully absorbed into the 101st Cavalry.7


1901: Site acquired at 1579 Bedford Avenue, Crown Heights, Brooklyn

1903: Construction begins shortly after architectural firm Pilcher and Tachau wins armory design contest and has design approved by the Armory Board

1904: Troop C expands and becomes Squadron C

1906: Squadron C is incorporated into the New York National Guard

1907: Construction of the Armory is completed, and Squadron C takes over operations of Armory

1911: Squadron C merges with other New York cavalry units as part of the 1st Regiment of Cavalry

1921: As part of the 1st Regiment of Cavalry, Squadron C is fully absorbed into the 101st Cavalry division

1961: Armory becomes Headquarters for Troop, Co. A, 101st AR

1986: Armory becomes the 42nd Supply and Transfer Station

2000s: Film production and community events take place at A rmory

2011: Borough President, Markowitz commissions study of the Armory and National Guard evacuates the premises

2012: Borough President Markowitz announces $1million gift towards redevelopment of the Armory

History of tHe Bedford-Union arMory

Troop C at Camp Alger before going to Puerto Rico to fight in the Spanish-American War (1898)

The Armory with original tower

Bedford-Union Armory today


Design and Usage

In 1901, with Troop C and other New York State

National Guard units growing, the City of New

York acquired the land for an armory in Crown

Heights. In 1903, the decorated architectural

to design and build the Armory. Lead architect

Lewis Pilcher also designed the Kingsbridge

Armory in the Bronx, one of the largest armories

York State Architect from 1913-1923.

Built using state-of-the-art technology and

engineering expertise of the period, the Armory

covers 2.8 acres and has approximately 138,000

8 The building measures

approximately 500 feet on its south side, 450

feet on its north side, and 255 feet on its east

and west sides. It has a footprint of just over

122,000 SF.9 The structure consists of three

main pieces:

• A drill hall (~ 58,000 SF)

• A head house and storage facilities located

on the west and south sides of the drill

hall (~ 50,000 SF)

• A parking facility and maintenance garage

located on the east side of the drill hall

(~ 30,000 SF)

The Armory pre-dates zoning but is located within

what is now an R6 Residential zoning district.

Please refer to page 75 for additional zoning

information and Appendix I for full schematics

and room information.

Upon its completion, the Bedford-Union Armory

won instant acclaim in architectural journals for

being a “radically new type of armory.”10 Armory

design of the nineteenth century frequently Zoning Map. Source: NYC Department of City Planning

Bedford-Union Armory: Zoning Map

ARMORY

Source: NYC Planning Comission

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evoked European castles, but in a departure

from tradition, the Bedford-Union Armory is

“non-castellated.” A multi-story tower originally

anchored the southwest wing, but it has since

been removed.11 Architects Pilcher and Tachau

also sought to distinguish the Armory’s interior

by using stylistic ornamentation and highly

detailed craftsmanship. In 1906, The American

Architect and Building News praised the Armory

as the first building of “L’Art Nouveau” style to

be built in Brooklyn.12

The historic Armory was comprised of two main

sections, the drill hall and the head house, and

a third section, the parking facility, was added

at a later date. The architects designed the

drill hall to accommodate the practical needs

of a cavalry unit; built-in horse troughs, a high,

vaulted ceiling, and long narrow stables all

served as spaces to house, train, and feed the

Unit’s horses.13 Bleachers, some still intact,

line the second floor balcony above the drill

hall floor and were used by spectators during

training exercises and formal presentations.

Left: Bedford-Union Armory showcasing the non-castellated style

Below: Park Avenue Armory,with the castellated design style

Source: New York Architecture Online Image Archives


The head house contains offices, classrooms,

a bar or reception room, a small gym, and

other miscellaneous spaces. The basement,

level with President Street, originally held a one

hundred-yard long rifle firing range, as well as

boiler, locker, engine, and storage rooms.14 The

basement and the head house are equipped

with heating systems; the drill hall is not. Most

rooms in the head house have telephone jacks

and Ethernet connections. Overall, the Armory

is in moderate to good physical condition.

Although armories were originally built to

accommodate National Guard military activities,

by 1920 the National Guard commonly allowed

civilians to use the spaces during times of

peace. They became forums for athletic events,

dances, and other community gatherings.

During the holiday mail rush of 1924, the Postal

Service even used the Park Slope Armory as

a mail-processing center.15

Over the course of the twentieth century,

changes in military training and technology

lessened the National Guard’s need for cavalry

units and their armories. Various entities across

the country, including local governments,

community organizations, private developers,

and the National Guard itself, have explored a

variety of new uses for these sizable historical

buildings. In recent years, the National Guard

has opened the Bedford-Union Armory for a

variety of civic functions, including events for

the local Caribbean and Jewish communities.

In 2010, the Armory served as a collection

point for canned goods and other emergency

supplies in the wake of the earthquake in

Haiti. Beyond serving the community as a civic

gathering space, non-National Guard activities

at the Armory have had an impact on the local

economy. For example, several movies have been

filmed in the Armory, including The Sorcerer’s

Apprentice starring Nicolas Cage.

Park Slope Armory during Christmas mail rush of 1924. Source: National Postal Museum. Smithsonian Photography Initiative.


B. Crown Heights

History

Prior to World War II, Crown Heights was a

predominantly white community with a large

Jewish population. By the mid-twentieth century,

the racial composition of the area was becoming

more diverse, in large part due to the Great

Migration of African-Americans from southern

to northern states and an influx of Caribbean

immigrants. In Crown Heights, as in many

urban areas around the country, changes in

demographics corresponded with a variety of

social and political events, from federal housing

policy and transportation funding, to real estate

broker steering and “white flight.”16

During President Lyndon Johnson’s administration

(1963-1969), the federal government declared

Crown Heights a primary poverty area on

the basis of widespread poor nutrition, a low

level of job skills, and high rates of crime and

unemployment in the neighborhood.17 While

there has been much improvement in the area

over the past several decades, several of the

poverty indicators recognized by the Johnson

Administration are still affecting the Crown

Heights community today.

Culture and Community Diversity

Crown Heights is home to people with diverse

racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds.

As with many diverse places, the unique

contributions of different communities make

the area a rich, multicultural neighborhood,

but at times, these differences have also been

associated with tensions in the community.

Perhaps the most well known instance of conflict

is the Crown Heights riots. In 1991, the death

of a black child hit by a Hasidic Jewish driver

sparked three days of riots between black

and Jewish people in Crown Heights, during

which two people were killed.18 Racial tensions

continued through prolonged legal trials in the

years following the riots.19 The Brooklyn Borough

President at that time, Howard Golden, initiated

research and reporting on racial concerns in

Crown Heights. He also formed the Crown

Heights Coalition of elected officials and local

community representatives to address residual

conflict after the riots.20

Community members and public entities have

continued to demonstrate a commitment to


multicultural acceptance and cooperation in

recent years. For example, the James E. Davis

Peace Museum opened in Crown Heights in

2010, encouraging and celebrating cooperation

between diverse groups in the neighborhood,

and the Crown Heights Community Mediation

Center has worked to decrease violence in

the area for over a decade. In 2009, African-

American, Caribbean, and Jewish residents

began cooperation on a “Safe Streets” initiative

as well as in a community volunteer police patrol.

Supporting trusting relationships and providing

inclusive community space for all groups is

especially important in this community, and the

challenges this brings to the redevelopment of

the Armory should not be underestimated.

BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: COMMUNITY DISTRICTSBEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: COMMUNITY DISTRICTS


Population and Neighborhood Statistics

This report presents statistics on the neighborhood

around the Armory at the most precise geographic

level possible, typically the census tract level.

However, because some data from New York

City government sources and the Center for the

Study of Brooklyn are summarized at the CD

level, there are times the report uses CD level

data. In those cases, because the Armory is

situated in CD 9 but very close to CD 8, we use

data aggregated from both CDs 8 and 9.21

It is also important to remember that, in the future,

the Armory may serve people in parts of central

Brooklyn beyond the immediate surrounding

blocks. The population characteristics presented

here describe people who currently live near

the Armory, but the relevant neighborhood

characteristics may change over time.

According to the 2007-2009 American Community

Survey, approximately 150,000 people live in

the census tracts within a one-mile radius of

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey 2010

AGE OF RESIDENTS WITHIN 1 MILE OF ARMORY


Source: Center for the Study of Brooklyn, 2011

the Armory. Compared to the rest of Brooklyn

and New York City as a whole, the area near the

Armory has a significantly higher percentage of

people of black, African-American or Caribbean

descent (67%, compared to 33% in Brooklyn and

18% citywide), and there are more women (54%)

than men (46%). The most common languages

in the area are English, Spanish, Caribbean/

French Creole, Yiddish, and Hebrew.22

Within a quarter-mile radius of the armory,

eighty-nine percent of the population rent their

homes, rather than own. Nearly one-third of

households (30%) have children under eighteen

years old, and close to half of families (47%) are

headed by a single mother. Twenty-four percent

of households in this area have a resident over

the age of sixty-five.23

The community also faces economic challenges.

Annual household income is more than twelve

percent below the borough median of approximately

$44,000; the median household incomes of CD

8 and CD 9 are about $39,500 and $37,900,

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME

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“We need a mentoring program for children

without fathers. We need positive

male role models.” - Lennox Jeffrey, Crown

Heights resident

respectively. Twenty-two percent of the population

in those community districts and thirty-three

percent of children live below the poverty line,

and these percentages grew between 2000

and 2010.24

Youth and Education

A substantial amount of “disconnected youth,”

defined as those between the ages of sixteen

and twenty-four who are neither in school nor

part of the workforce, live near the Armory.25

In CD 8, seventeen percent of people in this

age group are disconnected, compared to


DISCONNECTED YOUTH

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thirteen percent in Brooklyn overall. In CD 9,

only eleven percent of youth are disconnected.

It is important to note that the neighborhood’s

high school graduation (59%) and dropout

rates (11%) are close to the average rates in

Brooklyn, but college readiness, as defined by

the New York City Department of Education,

is much lower in this area of central Brooklyn

(10%) than the borough on average (18%).

Crime and Safety

The community near the Armory has concerns

about crime and safety; some stem from residual

racial tensions related to the Crown Heights Riots


“I hate seeing young men idle on the streets. Just because they don’t

go to college doesn’t mean they have to

wither on the vine.” - Abigail LaBord, Crown

Heights resident

INCARCERATION RATE PER 1,000 ADULT POPULATION (2009)

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(see page 19 for further explanation), and others

from local gang activity. Local organizations such

as the Crown Heights Community Mediation

Center and Save Our Streets focus primarily on

reducing gun violence in the area. Violent and

property crime have fallen significantly since

2000, but in their feedback to the Capstone

Team, residents still noted concern about hate

crimes, gun violence, stop and frisk policies,

and incarceration rates. Notably, although

these crime rates have decreased over the

past decade to close to the borough averages,

incarceration rates are still higher; in CD 8, the

rate is 4.5 incarcerations per one thousand

people, in CD 9, it is 2.3, whereas in Brooklyn

overall the rate is 2.0.

Neighborhood Health and Recreation

Although the Armory is located just two blocks

east of Prospect Park, one of the borough’s largest

parks, Crown Heights residents have limited

access to year-round recreation and exercise

spaces in the immediate neighborhood. In a

2003 survey by the New York City Department

of Health and Mental Hygiene, almost half (47%)

of central Brooklyn residents reported doing

no physical activity at all.26 Limited access

to affordable facilities for physical activity

could be a contributing factor to the higher

rates of obesity and diabetes in the Armory’s

neighborhood.

Source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2006

DIABETES RATES

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Source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 200627

OBESITY RATES

Arts Investment and Cultural Assets

There are different concentrations of arts and cultural funding in the area near the Armory. In CD

9, south of Eastern Parkway, there is a significantly lower than average investment in the arts, and

fewer people are employed in these fields. In CD 8, spending on arts and culture is higher per capita,

which may be due to the presence of key Brooklyn cultural assets such as the Brooklyn Museum,

the Brooklyn Children’s Museum, and the Jewish Children’s Museum.

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“We see finded programs like CAMBA and Promise Neighborhoods elsewhere in Brooklyn, but they don’t come far enough into our neighborhood.”

- Kwayera Archer-Cunningham, Ifetayo


ARTS & CULTURE FUNDING PER CAPITA


BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: CULTURAL ASSETS

Sources: see endnote 28

BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: CULTURAL ASSETS

P a g e 2 8 | 5 . 0 P l a c e - B a s e d C o m m u n i t y R e v i t a l i z a t i o n

5.0Place-Based Community RevitalizationFaced with challenges ranging from gun violence

and low levels of early childhood literacy to

obesity and lack of employment opportunities,

some communities have utilized comprehensive

revitalization efforts that seek to address multiple

issues at once. The City of New York has the

opportunity to pursue such a multifaceted

initiative in the Bedford-Union Armory as part

of the Central Brooklyn Initiative.

Historical precedents for contemporary community

revitalization efforts include the settlement houses

of the late nineteenth century, an outgrowth of

the era’s progressive movement that helped


reform education, recreation, health care, and

conditions in housing and the workplace, and

the fight against juvenile delinquency in the

1950s, in which government agencies and

community partners emphasized prevention and

rehabilitation.29, 30 During the 1960s, President

Johnson’s War on Poverty, legislation like the

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, and the

rise of community development corporations

(CDCs) sought to address systemic, structural

issues through comprehensive community

redevelopment.31

Since the 1960s, a series of laws and programs

have been established at the local, state, and

federal level to support the development of

community revitalization efforts, including the

Housing and Community Development Act

of 1974 which shifted decision making for

community development activities from the

federal government to local communities.32

In 2010, the federal government established

the Promise Neighborhoods initiative to fund

organizations that established or enhanced “cradle

to college to career” continuum programs. In

FY 2010 there were twenty-one neighborhood

recipients in nineteen cities, twelve states, and

the District of Columbia. With their comprehensive

approach and mix of funding sources, these Promise

Neighborhoods may offer key strategies for the

CBI in general and the Armory in particular.

Broad-based community development programs are often further subcategorized based on their

central approach to community revitalization. Subcategories include:

1. Those that emphasize building human capital, i.e., improving outcomes for individuals

and families, which has traditionally been carried out by social service agencies and schools;

2. Those that emphasize building neighborhood capital, i.e., improving the

physical and economic infrastructure of the neighborhood, which has traditionally

been carried out by CDCs and other local development organizations; and

3. Those that emphasize building social capital, i.e., strengthening what is variously called civic

life, social fabric, sense of community and the like, which has traditionally been accomplished

by local religious, cultural, civic, and recreational organizations or by community organizers.33


Founded in 1975, the St. Nick’s Alliance is a

not-for-profit community-based organization

in Williamsburg and Greenpoint, Brooklyn. St.

Nick’s Alliance serves nine thousand low- and

moderate-income residents a year and seeks to

preserve the vibrant and diverse character of these

neighborhoods.34 St. Nick’s Alliance originally

focused on affordable housing issues but, given

the area’s high unemployment rate and lack of

social services, the organization has expanded

to offer a comprehensive array of programs and

services, including the following:

• Health care

• Elder care

• Workforce development

• Economic development

• Youth services

• Arts classes35

In 2011, St. Nick’s Alliance opened the Renaissance

Center, a new 4,500 SF headquarters and

community arts center, on the former Greenpoint

Hospital campus. The opening of the Renaissance

Center is part of a thirty-year community plan for

the entire site of the former Greenpoint Hospital

campus led by the Greenpoint Renaissance

Enterprise Corporation (GREC), a consortium

of local organizations that was formed to

repurpose, renovate, and develop the hospital

campus after it closed in 1982. The GREC plan

for Greenpoint Hospital reflects the community’s

primary needs for healthcare, affordable housing,

and community space.

While securing financing has proven challenging

during the economic downturn, the hospital

campus redevelopment plan makes strides

towards building human and neighborhood

capital in the area. In combination with a new

arts and cultural community center to the

public, the Renaissance Center offers a good

example of community-oriented adaptive reuse

as the focal point of neighborhood revitalization

efforts.37

A. New York City Examples

St. Nick’s Alliance & Greenpoint Hospital Campus Revitalization

Greenpoint, Brooklyn, NY

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Center for Family Life

Sunset Park, Brooklyn, NY

Center for Family Life Sunset Park (Center for

Family Life) is a neighborhood-based social

services organization founded in 1978. The

Center for Family Life serves more than thirteen

thousand people per year and is sponsored and

overseen by SCO Family of Services (formerly

St. Christopher-Ottilie Family of Services), one

of New York’s largest social services agencies.

The Center for Family Life promotes positive

outcomes for children, adults and families in

Sunset Park through a comprehensive range

of services:

• Family counseling

• Foster care

• Educational programs

• Youth and adult employment

• Food pantry

• Thrift shop

• Tax filing services

Much as the Bedford-Union Armory could, the

Center for Family Life serves both as a home

base for administrative activities and as a

space where the community can participate in

programming and receive services.38

Renaissance Center, Greenpoint, BrooklynSource: Jason Lam, Blogger


S.O.S. Crown Heights Rally, Brooklyn, NYSource: The Brooklyn Ink

Save Our Streets Crown Heights

Crown Heights, Brooklyn, NY

Save Our Streets Crown Heights (S.O.S.) is a

not-for-profit committed to ending gun violence

in the community. Coordinated by the Crown

Heights Community Mediation Center and

its parent organization the Center for Court

Innovation, S.O.S. works with local clergy,

residents, and business owners to create a network

of stakeholders committed to the prevention

of violence throughout the neighborhood.39

S.O.S. trains outreach workers, often people

with direct experience of violence, to work with

the most at-risk community members to find

alternatives to violence and to respond when

violence does occur.40 An example of an issue-

specific grassroots human capital development

program, S.O.S. seeks to prevent violence

directly before it starts by empowering local

residents through public gatherings, education,

and one-on-one case management.

THE POINT

Hunts Point, Bronx, NY

THE POINT Community Development Corporation

(THE POINT) is a not-for-profit organization

dedicated to youth development and the

cultural and economic revitalization of the Hunts

Point, a distressed neighborhood in the South

Bronx where more than fifty percent of children

live below the poverty line.41 THE POINT has

taken a multifaceted approach to asset-based

community development by offering arts, culture,

and education programming that especially

targets youth since 1994.42


THE POINT, Hunts Point, BronxSource: Latin Jazz Alive

THE POINT’s facilities include:

• Youth development programs

• Small business incubator and marketplace

• 4,500 SF black box performance space

• Dance and music studios

• Radio station

• Dark room

• Computer lab

• Weather station

• Therapeutic counseling center43

THE POINT provides youth with social, emotional,

and academic support while engaging them as

active participants in the development of their

community. THE POINT’s effective programming

and multifaceted approach offer a strong model

for possible youth services at the Bedford-

Union Armory.

Harlem Children’s Zone

Harlem, NY

The Harlem Children’s Zone (HCZ) provides

innovative programs aimed at breaking the cycle

of generational poverty for children and families

in central Harlem. HCZ offers education, social

services and community-building programs for


youth and adults.44 The HCZ model designates a

“zone” within the neighborhood where a blanket

of comprehensive services is concentrated to

reach a specific population effectively. HCZ

serves over twenty thousand people a year by

enhancing central Harlem’s human and social

capital, and the organization has been used as

a national model for comprehensive community

revitalization.45

HCZ uses a “cradle to college” model that provides

wrap-around services from birth to adulthood

for all children in the designated ninety-seven-

block zone of central Harlem. HCZ focuses on

afterschool programs, asthma care, pre-college

advice, and “Baby College” for new parents to aid

in family planning and support. The major aspect

of HCZ programming is its charter schools, which

offer an alternative learning experience for local

youth.46 HCZ has been criticized for the high cost

of delivering its programs—it has received over

$100 million to finance its approach—and some

cite this as a reason the HCZ is not applicable as

a national model.47 However, others argue that

the cost is essential to bridging the gap between

the experience of low income families and the

experience that middle class families are able to

take for granted. Given the investment in HCZ’s

“cradle to college” model, the replication of some

Geoffrey Canada, CEO, Harlem Children’s Zone Source: HCZ Website

B. Other U.S. Examples

Carver Park

Yuma, AZ

In Yuma, Arizona, the City’s Department of

Planning and Neighborhood Services facilitated

the revitalization of the Carver Park neighborhood,

a one-half square mile area that was plagued

with high poverty and unemployment. A group

of grassroots organizations, residents, and

religious institutions initiated the project in the late

1990s. A task force established the scope and

geographic parameters for redevelopment, and

a broad coalition of stakeholders implemented

the plan. To date, public and private partners

of these programs within the Armory could serve

to bolster the social, human and neighborhood

capital in the Crown Heights community.


development, operates the youth career center

in a partnership model that could be considered

at the Bedford-Union Armory.50

Visitacion Valley Community Center

San Francisco, CA

During the mid-twentieth century, the Visitacion

Valley neighborhood in southeastern San

Francisco felt sharply the closure of the local

shipyard and the segregating effects of housing

discrimination. Overall, public disinvestment

and the decline of local economic opportunity

left the area with few jobs, poor social services,

and decaying infrastructure. Communities of

Opportunity, an initiative started by Mayor Gavin

Newsome in collaboration with local foundations

and the national consultants Bridgespan Group,

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Neighborhood Center, Yuma, AZ. Source: City of Yuma, AZ website

have invested more than $27 million in the human,

neighborhood, and social capital of Carver

Park.48

A centerpiece of the coalition’s work, the Martin

Luther King, Jr. Neighborhood Community Center

is a state-of-the-art facility whose offerings

include:

• Computer lab

• Office space for local not-for-profit organi-

zations

• Rentable event space

• Youth career center49

The facility’s youth career center supports youth

with job searches, resume writing, interview skills,

and GED preparation. The Yuma Private Industry

Council, a not-for-profit that specializes in workforce



works to coordinate multifaceted efforts to

reinvigorate the area through projects as varied

as housing construction and the extension of

the light rail system.51 At the heart of the efforts

are community centers like the Visitacion Valley

Community Center (VVCC), an environmentally

sustainable multiservice center established in

1922.52 “Cradle to college to career” services

at the VVCC include:

• Childcare and early childhood education

programs

• Afterschool programs that are often presented

in collaboration with local partners, such as

the San Francisco Conservatory of Music

• Family resource center

• Afterschool, summer employment, and job

training for youth ages fourteen to eighteen

• Senior center53

Agape Community Center

Milwaukee, WI

The communities of northwest Milwaukee face

intertwined challenges of poverty, low educa-

tional attainment, and poor access to jobs.54

To combat these issues, the Agape Community

Center (“Agape”) leverages a small staff to facili-

tate the work of many volunteers. An 18,000 SF

facility located at the center of nine neighbor-

hoods, Agape focuses on youth, seniors, and

intergenerational efforts, especially with regards

to individual and community health, and serves

nearly 25,000 neighbors annually.55 Much like

the Harlem Children’s Zone, Agape offers a

broad selection of human and social capital

services, from parenting classes to nutrition

and exercise programs to informal community

gatherings.56 The 18,000 SF center includes:

Visitacion Valley Community CenterSan Francisco, CA


Agape Community Center, Milwaukee, WI Source: Cross of Life

• Commercial kitchen

• Dining facility and recreation center

• Family resource center

• Youth activity rooms

• Technology center

• Conference room

• Rentable space

• Administrative offices57

C. International Examples

Broughton Community Hub

Salford, England

The Broughton Community Hub is the landmark

feature of Salford’s recent revitalization under

the New Deal for Communities (NDC).58 From

1998 to 2011, NDC was a national program of the

English government designed to help revitalize

low-income neighborhoods by focusing on issues

ranging from crime prevention to environmental

health to educational achievement.59 In Salford,

local residents, government agencies, and

private partners achieved improvements in

community involvement, local crime rates,

educational programming, public health, affordable

housing, and workforce and business capacity

development.60 The Broughton Community Hub,

a 40,000 SF facility opened in 2011, provides

local residents access to needed services and

facilities that include:


Higher Broughton Community Hub, Salford, England. Source: Urban Visions

“The Hub is more than just a building - it is the culmination of tremendous efforts in the overall regeneration of Higher

Broughton and acts as a focus to the grand scheme - a hub. It offers wider community benefits by bringing the community

together and offering all of the services in one location.” - Urban Visions

• Adult and children’s libraries with eighteen

free public access computers

• Rentable space

• Café

• Centers for children and high school aged

youth

• Nursery

• Sports facilities, including a trampoline hall61

RDM Campus

Rotterdam, Netherlands

The RDM Campus (Dutch for Rotterdamsche

Droogdok Maatschappij), the former site of the

Rotterdam Drydock Company in the center of

city’s ports, is a collaboration between Albeda

College, University of Rotterdam and the Port

Authority of Rotterdam.63 The site consists of

several industrial-scale buildings formerly used

for building ship engines. Opened in 2009, the

renovated facility brings together students and

manufacturers by linking cutting-edge research,

education, and apprenticeship programs. The

students often find employment at businesses in

the many surrounding buildings after completing

their apprenticeships.


The centerpiece of RDM Campus is Innovation

Dock, a historic industrial building with an area

of approximately 250,000 SF. Originally a space

dedicated to building ship engines, Innovation

Dock consists of two parts: a business section,

with over 120,000 SF available for small and

innovative companies, and a learning/work

area, where Albeda College and University

Rotterdam have their classrooms and work

spaces. This combination of human capital

and workforce programs could be examined

further for best practices in adaptive reuse at

the Bedford-Union Armory.

RDM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Source: RDM Campus

Carolina for Kibera

Nairobi, Kenya

Founded in 2001 by an American college student

and two local Kenyans, Carolina for Kibera (CFK)

is a not-for-profit organization based in Kibera,

a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. In

the absence of official recognition from the

Kenyan government, the area is underserved

by government agencies; CFK helps to fill

that gap, especially on public health- and

youth empowerment-related issues.64 The

organization believes that community problems

are best solved by local solutions.65 CFK,

operating with the assistance of numerous local

and international volunteers, offers services

including the following:

• Medical clinic

• Sports programs

• Girls’ center

• Waste management program

The medical clinic alone serves over 40,000

Kibera residents each year. The community

center seeks to minimize violence in the area

through annual events and other programming.66

In response to widespread violence after the

disputed 2008 elections, CFK and community

members formed an initiative called “Community

of Kibera” or “Jamii Ya Kibera” in Swahili. Youth

leaders trained by CFK coordinated a peace

campaign through logos, posters, billboards,

t-shirts, stickers, and radio commercials.67

Today, these youth leaders continue to facilitate

forums on ethnicity, conflict resolution, and

violence prevention.

P a g e 4 0 | 6 . 0 C o m p a r a b l e A r m o r i e s

6.0Comparable ArmoriesIn addition to surveying placed-based community

revitalization efforts for possible service delivery

models, the Capstone Team reviewed comparable

armories that serve as community hubs within

their neighborhoods. Armories around the country

originally provided facilities for training National

Guard troops and storing their equipment and

munitions, but today those functions are no longer

relevant. Municipalities across the country have

sought, however, to preserve the historical value

of these buildings while also transforming them

into modern community assets. The Capstone

Team researched the current state of armories in

New York City, around New York State, and across


the United States to inform recommendations

for the Bedford-Union Armory. In this report, we

look closely at armory redevelopment efforts in

which the size and structure of the buildings,

the way architects reimagined the space, and

the kinds of programs the armories house may

provide guidance for the future of the Bedford-

Union Armory.

A. New York City Examples

There are many armories across New York City’s

five boroughs. The following armories have been

transferred from state or federal government

ownership to the City and are now operated

by third parties. Public and private investment

has revitalized these armories into valuable

community assets, providing public services,

art spaces, and athletic facilities for regional and

national events. Two other notable armories,

the Bedford-Atlantic and Kingsbridge armories,

are currently going through redevelopment

processes and should be further reviewed as

planning efforts proceed.

Park Slope Armory

Brooklyn, NY

The Park Slope Armory in Brooklyn was built in

1895 for the Fourteenth Regiment of the New

York State Militia.68 Since the 1990s, the Park

Slope Armory has housed a Women’s Mental

Health Shelter, which provides transitional

Park Slope Armory YMCA, Brooklyn, NY.Source: YMCA of Greater New York


housing for one hundred women suffering from

homelessness and mental illness. After being

underutilized for years, this armory reopened in

2010 as a YMCA after its drill hall underwent a

$20 million renovation financed by the Office of

the Mayor, the City Council, and the Brooklyn

Borough President.

The drill hall, a space of approximately 70,000

SF, is now a multi-use recreational facility with

a one-half mile track, exercise equipment, and

basketball, soccer and volleyball courts.69 The

City selected the YMCA of Greater New York

to operate and maintain the center, and as part

of their agreement, local schools may use the

facility during school hours. The YMCA generates

revenue to operate the space through donations,

government contracts, sponsorships, sliding

scale membership fees, and rental charges for

events in the track area and other spaces.70

The surrounding neighborhood sees the Park

Slope Armory as a great success, and, because

it offers multiple community services in one

space, it may serve as a model for the Bedford-

Union Armory project.

Harlem Armory

Manhattan, NY

The Harlem Armory was built in 1933 for the 369th

Regiment, known as the “Harlem Hellfighters,”

which was the first black Regiment to fight in

World War I.71 Harlem Children’s Zone now

operates the Harlem Armory, an approximately

50,000 SF facility that has been transformed

into a state-of-the-art sports, fitness, and

performing arts facility. Sports experts at the

armory provide youth with free, high-quality

opportunities to improve their fitness and learn

how to maintain a healthy lifestyle.72 The armory

houses elementary through high school afterschool

programs, tennis, gymnastics, dance, track and

field, senior citizen walking clubs, English for

Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) classes,

computer labs, teen groups, youth weight loss

groups, basketball, and golf.73

In 2010, HCZ took on a five-year lease of the

armory, although the facility is still owned by

the New York State Division of Military and

Naval Affairs. The Police Athletic League (PAL)

was in charge of operations and management

of the armory but because of financial barriers

decided to pass on management to HCZ. In

addition to the health and fitness options offered

by the armory, there is a museum housing


a collection of photographs and artifacts of

the 369th Regiment soldiers from WWI to the

present.74

Park Avenue Armory

Manhattan, NY

Completed in 1881, the Park Avenue Armory

long housed the 7th Regiment of the National

Guard and is on the National Register of

Historic Places.75 Since opening as an art

venue in 2007, the approximately 55,000 SF

drill hall has held numerous performances and

visual art exhibitions that could not be housed

in traditional settings.76 A not-for-profit arts

organization, also called “Park Avenue Armory,”

operates the building and raises revenue by

renting rooms for private events. The armory

is also home to the Knickerbocker Greys, an

afterschool leadership-development program

for boys and girls ages six to sixteen, and the

53rd Army Liaison Team of the New York Army

National Guard.77

Fort Washington Avenue Armory

Manhattan, NY

Built as a training center for the National Guard

in 1909, the Fort Washington Avenue Armory

has a nearly 60,000 SF drill hall and housed

a homeless shelter in the 1980s. Founded in

1993, the Armory Foundation, a not-for-profit

organization dedicated to activating the armory,

rehabilitated the building and now serves local

youth through a variety of programming.78

Athletic programs are largely related to track and

field; non-athletic programs include computer

classes, college preparation, cultural events,

Park Avenue Armory Reception Room, Manhattan, NY. Source: Park Avenue Armory


Fort Washington Armory, Manhattan, NY. Source: The Armory Foundation

Main Street Armory, Rochester, NY. Source: Strathallen Hotel

and school-coordinated educational programs.79

The updated facility is now the premier indoor

track and field center in the U.S., with an arena

that seats more than four thousand people. It

houses the National Track and Field Hall of Fame

and serves as the track for local high schools

and the surrounding community.


Main Street Armory

Rochester, NY

The Main Street Armory was built in 1905

as headquarters for western New York’s 3rd

Battalion. The military used it until 1990, and

then it sat vacant until the state sold it at auction

in 2005 to a private real estate developer. Since

2006, the armory has functioned as a major

event space. The main arena was restored

to accommodate up to five thousand people.

Part of the basement has been converted into

a paintball facility, and plans for a full arcade

and private gun club are underway. Banquet

rooms, catering facilities, and office space are

all planned or existing on the second floor.80


Museum of Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY. Source: The Business Council of New York State

Portland Center Stage Armory Event Space, Portland, OR. Source: Portland Center Stage

Jefferson Street Armory

Syracuse, NY

Built in 1876, the Jefferson Street Armory originally

housed offices and depositories for arms and

equipment. It is currently home to the Museum

of Science and Technology (MOST), which has

permanent and rotating exhibits, an IMAX theater,

and a telecommunications center with an amateur

radio station, a planetarium, and space gallery.

As the heart of the redeveloped Downtown

Syracuse Armory Square entertainment area,

MOST also hosts a five-county Greater Syracuse

Scholastic Science Fair and offers traveling

science programs and demonstrations.81

Portland Armory Annex

Portland, OR

The Portland Armory Annex initially served

as an auxiliary space for the Oregon National

Guard to supplement their main armory nearby.

Troops used the Annex for drill maneuvers and

the firing range for all-season target practice.

Given its significant size, it also provided space

for public events. The building is now home to

Portland Center Stage, a not-for-profit theatre

organization, which includes a six hundred-seat

theater, a smaller studio theater, a café, and a

multi-story lobby with the original brick walls

and massive ceiling trusses. The redeveloped

building is LEED Platinum certified.82

P a g e 4 6 | 7 . 0 C o m m u n i t y E n g a g e m e n t

7.0Community Engagement

On January 9, 2012, the Capstone Team, in

collaboration with the Borough President’s Office,

held an all-day Open House at the Armory and a

Town Hall Meeting at Medgar Evers College. To

engage neighborhood residents, the Capstone

Team and Borough Hall staff distributed over

1,000 flyers to local residents and businesses

during three days of door-to-door canvassing and

mailed over 1,500 letters prior to the meeting.

The Capstone Team established Facebook

(facebook.com/bkarmoryproject),

Twitter (@bkarmoryproject), and email

([email protected]) accounts for

the Bedford-Union Armory Revitalization Project

in order to make the project accessible to

community residents. Social media networks

maintained by the Capstone Team reached over

1,700 people and kept the public updated on

the project’s progress.

From 8:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m., the Open House

provided many residents with access to the Armory

A. Armory Open House and Town Hall Meeting


Top right and left: Community Town Hall meeting

for the first time, with tours available continuously

throughout the day. Over one hundred local

residents attended and many remarked at the

wonder they experienced exploring the various

rooms that the facility has to offer.

The Town Hall Meeting was an opportunity for

attendees to share their ideas with community

members, BBPO and the Capstone Team.

Over 250 people attended and more than forty

people spoke about their hopes, concerns, and

suggestions for the Armory redevelopment.

The Capstone Team collected more than eighty

feedback forms and recorded community input

from official comments, direct interviews, and

informal conversations.

Community suggestions for the future of the

Armory included a recreation center, senior

center, and a small-business incubator for food

production.83 Contact information was collected

for all those who attended the meeting, and over

seventy attendees expressed interest in serving

on future Bedford-Union Armory planning task

force efforts. The Open House and Town Hall

events were covered by the Wall Street Journal,

NY 1 News, Brooklyn Independent Television,

the New York Post, and a number of other news

outlets and local blogs. See Appendix II for

additional press.


Visitors tour the Armory during the January 2012 Open House.

“Our first priority should be the young people.

Our youth need a safe, reliable place to be taught, developed and challenged.”

- Community Resident

Findings

The top five areas of interest reported by the

community were recreation, youth, multipurpose

community center, job creation and training, and

health and wellness. Many community members

stressed the need to have additional options for

youth and a shared community space that is free

and open to all members of the neighborhood. The

overarching takeaways were that Crown Heights

lacks sufficient multicultural, multigenerational,

and recreational community spaces.

The least desired uses for the Armory were a

homeless shelter, retail and corporate businesses,

and a nightclub. A handful of attendees expressed

a desire not to use the space inside the Armory

for apartments. The biggest concern in reference

to operating the Armory was an unsustainable

business model, meaning there must be adequate

funding and a reliable and experienced entity

in charge of operations and maintenance of the

facility once in use.


COMMUNITY FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT

From Town Hall Testimony, Feedback Forms, Email,

Facebook and Interviews

Recreation Subtopics Youth Subtopics


“We need to increase literacy rates and decrease unemployment and idleness of young people in our community.”

- Hon. Letitia James

“Most important is creating a multipurpose space that is

accessible to community.” - Community Resident

The Capstone Team conducted interviews with

a variety of stakeholders ranging from prominent

community members to local not-for-profit

organizations. Many of those interviewed are

key members of the community with great

knowledge of the history, strengths and current

needs of Crown Heights. Interviewees included

Councilwoman Letitia James, representatives

from Community Boards 8 and 9, leaders at

local not-for-profit organizations, and additional

community stakeholders. These interviews gave

the Capstone Team greater insight into what the

specific needs of the Crown Heights community

are as well as where potential partnerships could

be formed as the project proceeds. See Appendix

III for stakeholder interview questions.

The main concerns and suggestions cited

from the stakeholder interviews were issues

of safety, office space for local not-for-profit

organizations, indoor athletic facilities, and a

need for more activities and programming for

youth. The biggest challenges cited were finding

adequate funding and ensuring that community

space at the Armory is safe and accessible to

all members of the racially-, ethnically- and

religiously-diverse community.

B. Stakeholder interviews

P a g e 5 1 | 8 . 0 G u i d i n g P r i n c i p l e s f o r t h e R e d e v e l o p m e n t P r o c e s s

8.0Guiding Principles for the Redevelopment Process

P a g e 5 2 | 8 . 0 G u i d i n g P r i n c i p l e s f o r t h e R e d e v e l o p m e n t P r o c e s s

In the process of reviewing feedback and conducting research, several guiding principles stand

out for consideration in the redevelopment process. These guiding principles may serve as a

strategic direction for the project and can be used to test certain assumptions and decisions

in the future. These guiding principles for the redevelopment of the Bedford-Union Armory are

separate from the recommendations laid out in this report. The redevelopment process should:

1. Ensure that the entire central Brooklyn

community is welcome in the process.

Central Brooklyn is home to a diverse population

representing many cultures, language groups,

religions, and generations. The success of the

Armory redevelopment process will be contingent

on a transparent planning process that includes

the whole community.

2. Build on current neighborhood assets

and be informed by exemplar models of site

development and service delivery.

Successful community centers build synergies

through strategic partnerships to leverage expertise

and capacity in fundraising, programming, and

community engagement.

3. Generate a vision of the neighborhood’s

future and an implementation process for

realizing that vision.

The redevelopment of the Armory will likely be

a joint effort between the City of New York, the

community, and a third party. Cities typically

issue requests for proposals (RFPs) to attract

bids for the redevelopment of an armory from

real estate developers and/or public and not-for-

profit organizations. To the extent possible, the

operation of the site should be coordinated by

a not-for-profit entity relevant to the selected

programming. If a private developer is selected,

the City should partner with a not-for-profit or

community advocacy organization to ensure that

redevelopment efforts proceed in the community’s

best interest.

P a g e 5 3 | 9 . 0 R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s

9.0RecommendationsBased on the history, research, and outreach detailed in this report, the Capstone Team has

developed recommendations for the future operation and uses of the Bedford-Union Armory. These

recommendations reflect the desires of the community and incorporate site- and program-related

research. The Capstone Team hopes that these recommendations will serve as a framework for future

Armory planning and redevelopment efforts.

In the following section, we first present guidelines for the operation of the Armory going forward, then

detail our recommended uses for the space, separated into drill hall and head house categories. We

provide three possible scenarios for the drill hall, but the first, a multipurpose recreation center, is our

primary recommendation because it most directly addresses community feedback. In all scenarios,

we suggest that the head house accommodate community-focused services.


In order to ensure that the Armory becomes and remains a vital community asset throughout the

development process and beyond, the Capstone Team recommends the following actions. A successful

community-serving space will require careful selection of an operator, flexibility in accommodating

different uses, and continued attention to the needs and perspectives of the people it serves.

A. Operational Guidelines

1. The Armory will require a primary

operator, a role often played by not-for-profit

organizations.

As not-for-profits, operating organizations can

receive grants and other funding sources not

available to private institutions. Private developers

often find large armories unattractive as business

ventures because they require significant capital

investment for redevelopment and ongoing

maintenance and their large spaces limit the types

of appropriate programming. Armories used as

private banquet halls, event spaces, and theaters

need constant programming and bookings in

order to turn a profit, which is not a simple task.

Not-for-profit organizations tend to be mission

driven and seek to reach the largest amount of

patrons possible by providing a variety of services

at differing levels of affordability. An additional

option is to partner with a local university that

is already invested in the neighborhood, and

that is likely to have resources and the technical

capacity to engage in a development project

of this nature. While we recommend a single-

operator model, some other sites are managed

by multiple entities (see Greenpoint Hospital

campus consortium example, p. 30).

2. Programming should be flexible, financially

sustainable, balanced, and affordable to

secure the Armory as a long-term community

resource.

Redeveloped armories often serve the communities

around them by providing public or community

resources. Because operating and maintaining an

armory can be costly, we recommend making the

Bedford-Union Armory redevelopment proposal

flexible enough to attract and accommodate a

diverse set of uses. Varied programming creates

more revenue streams and helps to engage a

larger audience of patrons. For example, the

drill hall could be home to athletic facilities, a

roller-skating rink, a large performing arts venue,

or film studio facility. The head house could be

used for office space, counseling services, and


The Bedford-Union Armory’s physical space essentially consists of two main areas, the drill hall and the

head house. Our recommendations for uses of the Armory fall into these two categories, because there are

possibilities for different types of uses in each one. For example, we recommend that the head house be

a space for community organizations to offer local activities and services, whether the drill hall is used for

community recreation (our primary recommendation), or run as a private sports-specific complex or event center.

B. Use Recommendations

other community resources. Revenue could

be earned through several avenues, including

ticket sales, sliding scale membership fees,

and capital campaigns.

3. Ensure the Armory is a safe, welcoming

space for all members of the community.

The Armory should be guided by the community,

for the community, and rely to the extent possible

on local hiring and leadership. Creating a

community center that meets the needs of various

ethnic and religious groups and is a welcoming

and safe place may prove challenging, but by

engaging all potential stakeholders in the planning

and implementation process, the Bedford-

Union Armory will better reflect and serve the

diversity of needs within the community. There

are committed and experienced not-for-profits,

community, and religious organizations in the

area whose guidance could prove invaluable

in this process.


B.1.1 Multipurpose Community Recreation Center

See also: Broughton Hub, Salford, UK(p. 20); Park Slope Armory, Brooklyn, NY (p. 42); Harlem Armory, Manhattan, NY (p. 43)

“We need a multipurpose,

multigenerational, multicultural facility with

services made free of charge by the borough and

greater city.” - Community

Resident

Multipurpose community recreation centers offer an array of

services, activities, and spaces that help enrich the lives of

local residents and strengthen the communities around them.

Often developed in response to insufficient local recreation

opportunities and social services, these multifunctional centers

provide amenities such as gym facilities and exercise classes,

in addition to classroom space, arts spaces, and offices for

social service providers. The benefits to neighborhood capital

range from improving public health, to filling services gaps, to

stimulating local art scenes, to enhancing the overall quality

of life.


A multipurpose recreation center is an optimal

use for the Armory’s drill hall. It would allow

for sports such as basketball, volleyball, indoor

soccer, badminton, street hockey, and tennis,

among others, to take place in the same space

without dividing the drill hall. Through diverse

programming, strategic partnerships, and creative

design, a multipurpose community recreation

center could target multiple populations and

enhance neighborhood capital. It has the

potential to be a safe space where individuals

gather to learn, share skills, and do activities

together. Large, underutilized buildings such

as armories are ideal places for multipurpose

centers and, once activated, can become

transformative community assets.

The multipurpose community center would

address many of the issues and satisfy many

of the needs of the surrounding community

including:

• Lack of access to physical recreation

facilities

• Physical inactivity, obesity, and type 2

diabetes concerns

• Inadequate community services, specifi-

cally youth and seniors programs

• Concerns about lack of safe community

spaces

• Need for youth development services


Rendering of Armory as multipurpose recreation center

Current Armory

Multipurpose community recreation

centers aim to provide services and

amenities to as many subsets of

the local population as possible.

Within the Bedford-Union Armory,

programming can and should be

designed to meet the needs of

children, teenagers, families, and

seniors.


Rendering of Armory exterior

If Armory programming is concentrated on any one of these populations, additional services and

activities that benefit other groups should also be provided. Sports facilities in the drill hall should

be designed and use materials to allow for maximum flexibility; courts for one sport should be easily

converted into space for another, or for events involving large gatherings of people. Ideally, the

programs, services, and activities offered will be utilized by and beneficial to various populations

while simultaneously addressing one or more areas of concern within the community.


B.1.2 Sports-Specific Complex

See also: Fort Washington Avenue Armory, Manhattan, NY (p. 44)

A sports-specific complex would operate as

a for-profit recreation space dedicated to one

activity throughout the entire drill hall. Under this

scenario, the redeveloped Armory could also

offer recreation opportunities to the community

but it would primarily serve as a catalyst for

economic development through job creation,

business attraction, and revenue generation

to adequately operate the facility. Sports-

specific complexes that have been executed

in similar spaces include roller-skating rinks,

roller derby facilities, rock climbing gyms, and

skateboarding & BMX parks. Some of these

examples are open to the public at set times,

reserved for local schools or organizations at

others, and periodically closed for competitions

and other events.

The only example named above that was explicitly

mentioned by members of the Crown Heights

community at the Town Hall meeting was the

roller-skating rink and roller derby option. The

Empire Roller Skating Center, the last large-

scale roller rink in Brooklyn, closed in 2007 and

it is sorely missed by many within the Crown

Heights community and beyond.84 At the Town


Hall meeting, community members expressed

their desire for roller-skating facilities to return

to Crown Heights by way of the Armory. The

drill hall is large enough to fit a skating rink with

space for seating, party space, concessions

and skate rental and cleaning facilities, leaving

the remaining 20,000 to 30,000 SF for other

recreation purposes.85

The benefits of this model include its potential

to stimulate the local economy by attracting

non-residents to the neighborhood. In addition,

the revenue produced by the operation of the

sports-specific complex could help maintain

the Armory or subsidize community programs

located in the head house or elsewhere in the

neighborhood as part of the overarching CBI

initiative. A private complex could also be utilized

for summer camps and afterschool programs for

local youth. Depending on design and layout,

this model could allow for alternative uses on a

small scale in sections of the Armory not used

for the main sporting activity.

While the benefits are enticing, the narrow

market niche may pose business risks and is

unlikely meet the needs of the local community.

Furthermore, significant investment may be

required to create a competition venue with

ample seating space as the Armory has limited

seating capacity at the moment. Other issues

to consider when pursuing this model would

be the need for parking and an experienced

venue operator. Finally, the zoning changes

and permits described in this report may

not necessarily apply for this use, limiting its

financial feasibility.

Implementing a sports-specific complex would

be a unique economic development strategy

for the Crown Heights neighborhood. The

redevelopment and initial financing of such


B.1.3 Event-Entertainment Venue

See also: Portland Center Stage Armory, Portland, OR (p. 32); Park Avenue Armory, Manhattan, NY(p. 44); Main Street Armory, Rochester, NY (p. 45)

As already noted, the Armory is a unique facility with ample

space. A viable third option for the drill hall could be as a

space for special events and entertainment.

As described above, the drill halls at many comparable

armories have been transformed into performance venues,

art exhibition spaces, and rental facilities for special events.

A venue for events and entertainment could begin to address

“I would like to see the

continuing use of this armory

as a site for film production.” - Community

Resident

a project could be complicated, but a for-profit operator might offer a sustainable approach to

maintaining the facility. However, the community uses and services in such a complex would be

secondary to the main mission of the facility; therefore, any programming would likely have minimal

impact on the community.


concerns about a lack of jobs voiced by the

Crown Heights community. It was also noted

by current New York State Division of Military

and Naval Affairs staff that companies filming

movies at the Armory are seen by the community

as welcome support of the local economy. In

addition, some locals derive pride from having

their local armory featured in a blockbuster

movie.

Converting the drill hall into an event or

entertainment space could create the revenue

necessary to support more community-focused

services housed in the head house portion of the

Armory. The benefit of this model is that different

organizations, local and otherwise, could utilize

the facility for a variety of uses, expanding the

exposure and potential customer base of the

site. Depending on the programming developed

on site, the community may have access to new

art forms and exhibits that normally might not

come to this area of Brooklyn. Entertainment

or event-specific uses could include:

• Visual art exhibitions

• Musical or theatrical performances

• Movie productions

• Career/job fairs

• Conventions, conferences and ceremonies

• Trade shows

• Markets (art fairs, green markets, flea

markets)

Converting the Armory for entertainment or event-

specific uses could require significant capital

investment as permanent structures such as stages,

seating, and other venue infrastructure may be

necessary. These capital expenses would require

consistent programming to generate enough

revenue to cover long-term maintenance and

the amortization of the development financing.

Some revenue-generating operations, such

as trade shows and markets, would require

less capital investment and the drill hall could

be used more or less as is. However, many of


B.2 Head House

The Armory’s 50,000 SF head house is divided into many rooms of different sizes, over three

floors (including the basement). These rooms have the potential to house a variety of uses, and

it is our recommendation that the head house space is used to provide community services.

Studio space for the arts, as well as office space for community organizations could be located

in the head house. There are spaces conducive to being flexible, shared spaces for gatherings,

these uses are infrequent, which would often

leave the drill hall vacant and reduce potential

revenue generation.

A simplified event/entertainment space could

be pursued by making modest improvements

to the drill hall’s heating and insulation and

ensuring compliance with fire code and the

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These

general improvements are necessary no matter

what the Armory’s final use. By programming

the space for several types of events, such as

a flea market and community movie viewing,

different clients could occupy the Armory

during different times of the day, maximizing

use of the space and helping to create the

revenues necessary for long-term operational

stability.


parents and caregivers, as well as residents

and youth advocates who are troubled by

seeing young people spending the afternoon

and evening hours on the streets. Space and

activities for youth can be particularly valuable in

the area near the Armory, where nearly one-third

of families are headed by single parents.87

Afterschool programs can take different forms

and have a variety of specializations, depending

on the age of the children, the kind of support

and services that are needed in the community,

and the kinds of resources available to provide

them. Programs often focus on physical skill

development or art and creative activities,

though those are by no means the only types.

Ifetayo Cultural Arts Academy in Brooklyn, for

example, offers dance, cultural heritage, and

financial literacy courses.

recreational classes, and the like. There is also space for rooms to house more constant,

permanent uses, such as arts facilities with materials, furniture, and storage, and office and

program space for community service organizations. For additional information on many of

the services listed below pleasesee Appendix IV.

B.2.1 Youth Services

Mentoring

Mentoring is a form of one-on-one instruction

that aims to empower youth participants by

providing role models and opportunities for

positive life experiences that help address any

unmet needs in a child’s life. For youth who

may have problems at home, in school or in

their personal lives, mentoring has been known

to have profound impacts on social skills,

decision making, academic performance, school

attendance, likelihood of attending college,

self-esteem, and generally improve the lifetime

opportunities of participants.86 The Armory’s

accessible location and the expressed desire

of community members for positive role models

and alternatives for youth make it a promising

space for basing mentoring programs.

Afterschool Programs

Providing afterschool programs for youth in the

Armory’s community is important to working


“People, especially youth, need jobs and places to go. The corner is not a good place for our young people to grow up.”

- Community Resident

B.2.2 Senior Services

From Meals-on-Wheels to seniors’ recreation, the

aging population makes use of a wide variety of

specific activities and services. Eleven percent

of residents in CDs 8 and 9 are over sixty-

five, whereas in Brooklyn twelve percent are.

However, the senior population of CDs 8 and 9

has increased by eleven percent over the past

ten years, much faster than it has in Brooklyn

(2%) or New York City as a whole (6%).88

Apart from housing organizations that offer

in-home support or transportation for the

elderly, senior space in the Armory is likely most

suited to recreation, health and wellness, and

education. These purposes could be served by

engaging organizations or individuals that offer,

for example, senior exercise classes or health

and wellness counseling. Flexible and shared

spaces in the building may also provide a place

for intergenerational education and skill sharing,

such as knitting, cooking, and music.

B.2.3 Workforce Development

Services

Career and workforce development initiatives

are often essential components of neighborhood

revitalization efforts. Frequently requested by

the community (11% of community feedback),

career and workforce development programs

vary in their composition and generally provide

a suite of services aimed at linking individuals

with job training and placements. While such

programs exist in central Brooklyn, some are

open by appointment only and there is unmet

demand for the services they provide. Locating

in the head house could extend the reach of

established organizations like the NYC Department

of Small Business Service’s Workforce1 or the

Center for Professional Education at Medgar

Evers College. The Armory could also house

job training programs targeted specifically for

youth. There is a strong network of youth training

programs in New York that could act as models

and/or partners in developing this component

of the Armory.

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88


B.2.4 Community Services

Community Kitchen

Community kitchens operate in a variety of

settings and can be designed to accommodate

a range of community needs. A 1,480 SF kitchen

already exists within the Armory, providing a

compelling opportunity to create a cooking space

accessible to all. A community kitchen could offer

a variety of programs on health, nutrition, and

food preparation and allow residents of different

cultures to learn and experience the food of their

fellow neighbors.89 Additionally this space could

be rented in conjunction with events that take

place in the Armory, providing needed kitchen

facilities for community functions. Should the

kitchen be upgraded, it could also be used as a

catering facility or be linked with programs like

the 3rd Ward culinary incubator creating local

jobs and affordable cooking space.

Work Share

The Armory is centrally located within a residential

neighborhood, making it an ideal location to house

time-share and skill-share programs. These kinds

of work share programs allow local residents to

teach others unique skills, from basket weaving

to investing, while strengthening community

connections and expanding knowledge.

Computer and Multimedia Facility

Currently, few options for public computer

access exist in central Brooklyn. Given the

shortage of publicly available computers in the

area and the increasing importance of computer

literacy in educational and workplace settings,

the Armory could provide an essential service

through the addition of a computer lab and

multimedia facility. Linking the computer lab to

the work share system described would add value

and be a great amenity for the neighborhood.

Additionally, computer and multimedia facilities

at the Armory could develop capacity among

local youth in computer sciences and information

technology. Classes and training programs

could span a range from basic computer and

Internet literacy to programming and multimedia

production. Classes could supplement and extend

what is currently available in area schools and

prepare participating youth for internships and

employment in the growing field of information

technology.


B.2.5 Community Arts

Programming

The Armory could offer a variety of programs in

art, music, theater and dance for adults, youth

and seniors. The addition of studio, performance,

and gallery spaces could facilitate the growth

of the local arts community in central Brooklyn.

Partnerships with local art organizations and

neighborhood artists, similar to THE POINT in

the Bronx, could further enrich the Armory’s

programming.90

B.2.6 Day Care

The Armory could be an appropriate place to

house a day care center for young children.

There are multiple day care centers in the area,

but considering that nearly one-third of family

households within a mile of the Armory are

headed by single parents, providing space for

day care could offer on-site childcare options to

parents and caregivers while they utilize other

community services within the Armory.91

C. Additional

Recomendations

The following additional recommendations

are useful considerations for any possible

development scenario of the Armory. While not

necessarily use-specific, they are important and

should be considered and integrated where

possible. The following concepts—of rentable

space for revenue generation, high-tech/wifi

capacity for nearby access, green infrastructure

improvements, and sliding scale service

pricing—could be incorporated into any future

revitalization efforts of the Armory. For additional

information on some of these items please see

Appendix V.

C.1 Rentable Space

Identifying ways in which the Armory can

generate revenue is key to its long-term fiscal

sustainability. One such mechanism by which

to generate revenue is to provide space within

the Armory that is available for short-, long-term

and event specific rental. Many armories in New

York and elsewhere rent out spaces for office

use and private events. Renting out the kitchen

in conjunction with other spaces could boost

the competitiveness of the Armory as an event

location, as well as provide affordable kitchen

facilities for community events. Especially if

the kitchen is upgraded, the space could be

used as a hub for caterers and large events


such as those that the Jewish community has

previously held at the Armory. Depending on

the ultimate functionality of the Armory, space

rentals to individuals and groups based in the

community could help achieve the goals of the

Armory and CBI while providing needed revenue

for the facility’s operations. In addition, there

could be significant value to the community in

offering free rentals of Armory space for civic

events such as graduations and town hall

meetings. Additionally, renting space within

the Armory could also be a temporary use until

development plans are solidified.

C.2 High-Tech Capacity

Internet connectivity is increasingly a requirement

for socioeconomic inclusion.92 In New York

City as across the country, a clear gap exists

between those with broadband Internet access

and those without. A number of companies,

public agencies, and not-for-profit organizations

work to bridge the “digital divide” by extending

Internet service to previously under-connected

areas.93 Given the lack of public connectivity in

the area, the Armory could become a wireless

Internet hub in similar fashion. Outfitted with

distribution hardware, it could serve a valuable

role by projecting wireless Internet out into the

surrounding community.

C.3 Solar Capacity

Many parts of New York City are embracing

greener technologies that help capture the

power of nature and create more sustainable

homes and businesses, less reliant on dirty

energy sources. With a roof area of over 55,000

SF, the solar potential of this roof is unrivaled

by any in the area. According to some rough

calculations from the National Renewable Energy

Laboratory’s (NREL) calculation tool, the roof

has the capacity to produce 1,588,475 kWh of

electricity per month, or nearly $275,000 worth

of electricity, based on current electricity rates.

These projections are only estimates and have

a range of +/- 30% due to weather patterns,

snow cover, shadows, energy rates, and other

external factors.95 While the exact production

is unknown, the potential is encouraging.

This power production could help support the

electricity demands of operating the Armory

and serve as an example of renewable energy

at work in the community.


green roofs, which are meant for more human

interaction and require ongoing maintenance.96

The thought of using this space to harvest

produce was raised by the community, but ruled

out due to roof access and safety concerns at

these sites.

Rainwater harvesting is another way to reduce

operating costs and further set an example

of sustainable practices in the neighborhood.

Rainwater harvesting systems collect rainfall

and store it for subsequent use, which reduces

runoff and provides an alternate water source.

To store the water captured from runoff, plastic

barrels or cisterns are placed at the base of a

roof and are connected to drainage pipes. This

water is then treated and purified and can be

used onsite instead of or as a compliment to

normal plumbing. Given the size of the Armory

C.4 Green Infrastructure

In addition to energy production, “green”

infrastructure also includes modifications to the

current operations and structure of the building

that may create energy savings and reduce waste.

Several options of green infrastructure described

by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

were considered, but green roofs and rainwater

harvesting were determined to be the most viable

and useful for this site. Green roofs, which consist

of planting vegetation on roofs in order to collect

rainwater runoff, provide insulation, and reduce

heat generation caused by black tar roofs. The

head house may be able to utilize a green roof

infrastructure; but due to a lack of safe access

to the smaller roof areas, extensive green roofs,

which consist of natural grasses and require little

maintenance are recommended over intensive

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Solar Panels on Brooklyn Heights Building Source: The Epoch Times

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roof and strength of the structure to support a

large cistern for collection, including a rainwater

harvesting system may be an appropriate

environmentally sustainable practice for the

facility.

C.5 Sliding Scale Pricing

To the extent possible, community programs

and services at the Armory should be affordable

to a wide range of local residents. A number

of community facilities around the country

accomplish broad affordability through a “sliding

scale,” allowing for variation in price based

on the local residents ability to pay. While not

necessarily enough to cover expenses or realize

a profit, this cost structure allows a facility

to earn some revenue and supplement other

funding sources while providing opportunities

to as many people as possible and fostering an

inclusionary community. The Parks & Recreation

Department in Durham, NC charges on a sliding

scale for its afterschool programs at their many

recreation centers;97 the Jamestown Community

Center in San Francisco, CA does the same for

a range of activities from sports to camping to

performing arts.98 Local affiliates of national

organizations sometimes offer sliding scales

as well, as the Boys & Girls Club in Bristol, TN

does for summer programs and many YMCAs do

for memberships.99

P a g e 7 2 | 1 0 . 0 D e v e l o p m e n t P o t e n t i a l

10.0Development Potential


In order to repurpose the Armory into any of the proposed recommendations above, the zoning

needs to be reviewed for its applicability to these new uses. Also, given the cost of redeveloping

such a large space, utilizing the full build-out potential of the Armory lot should be considered.

Bedford-Union Armory – Current Structure Bedford-Union Armory – Potential Build-out

Location: BoroUgH—BrookLyn, BLock: 1274, Lot: 1


As was previously noted, the Armory has a footprint of approximately 122,000 SF, contains nearly

138,000 SF of space and consists of several sections, the drill hall, head house, and parking garage.

Please refer to Appendix I for detailed schematics and room index.

Before discussing the build-out potential of the Armory, it is first necessary to briefly discuss its

current zoning. All of New York City is divided into zones that dictate the type (residential, commercial,

manufacturing, etc.) of development allowed and the requirements/ limitations for buildings in those

areas. The Armory is currently located in an R6 Residential zoning district.100

Source: NYC Planning Commission

The zoning code consists of many regulations,

some of which include: the Floor Area Ratio

(FAR), the ratio of total building floor area to

the area of its zoning lot; the Open Space Ratio

(OSR), the amount of lot area that must remain

open; and the required amount of parking per

dwelling units.101 The Armory pre-dates New York

City’s zoning code, but the district in which it is

located has a FAR dependent on use, such as

residential, residential with community facility, or

all community facility. When multiplied by the lot

area, the FAR produces the maximum amount

of floor area allowable on that zoning lot.

The Armory is built to significantly less than the

permitted floor area (see “Permitted Zoning”

table, p. 76). The site has been evaluated to

determine the appropriateness of optimizing the

available floor area potential. Since the Armory

is in good condition, especially in comparison

with other armories throughout New York City,

we recommend keeping the drill hall and head

house sections of the building. We also propose

replacing the existing parking facility with new

development.


The parking facility is a one-story extension

at the eastern end of the site that was added

many years after the original construction. The

interior and exterior aesthetics of this parking

facility are not congruent with the rest of the

structure. Using the remainder of development

rights to build new construction on this section

of the site would create an additional revenue

source for the Armory redevelopment project.

Any project on this site should be residential to

maximize revenues and match the zoning on

the site and with the surrounding neighborhood

context. However, all parties involved in such

a project should be sensitive to the concerns

of community residents and neighbors; large-

scale development and new construction can

change traffic volumes and patterns, interfere with

existing light and shadow balances for nearby

buildings, increase noise levels, and otherwise

alter people’s experiences of their homes.

The site is currently zoned R6, but to maximize

potential revenue sources to support community

uses in the Armory, we further recommend an

up-zoning be pursued to increase zoning to R7-1.

Such an increase has local precedents; Tivoli

Towers and Crown Heights Gardens are R7-1

Residential districts nearby with taller apartment

buildings. [See Appendix VI for a land use map of

the area.] This up-zoning from R6 to R7-1 would

increase residential development potential from

approximately 300,000 SF to over 420,000 SF.


Zoning Modifications Recommended

*Exceed limitation according to flexibility provided by Special Permit**Total buildable lot will be based on accommodating height-factor

and light and air regulations

Given that the Armory’s drill hall would be

retained, the area of the drill hall structure itself

would exceed the open space requirement for

residential development. In order to capture the

available development rights, we recommend

pursuing a special permit using the Large-Scale

General Development zoning tool (NYC Zoning

Code, Section 74-74). The special permit would

allow modification of standard regulations in

addressing the open space requirements and

deviation from the standard sky exposure plane

and rear yard regulations. Without this special

permit, the Armory would need to be removed

to accommodate additional development. In

order to accomplish this rezoning and special

permits, the Armory must go through a Uniform

Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP). The

ULURP is a public review process mandated

by the City Charter, which sets a timeframe for

public participation for all changes in zoning

and special permit requests.


Development Potential

The potential residential property of approximately 420,000 SF could be built on the former lot

area of the parking facility and could provide more than four hundred residential units (assuming

1,000 SF units) and an ongoing funding mechanism for the community center housed in the

Armory. There are many ways this building could be constructed in a manner consistent with

contextual conditions in the surrounding area. Please see Appendix VII for a detailed analysis

of this development scenario.


Bedford-Union Armory Potential Build-out

View of potential Armory Build-out from corner of Bedford Ave. and Union St. looking east


Financing

A full examination of possible Armory redevelopment scenarios is beyond the scope of this report.

There are numerous options for how to divide, sell, finance, and develop this new property. Providing

affordable housing in the residential development could be considered though it will be necessary to

balance the proportion of housing types with the financial feasibility and profitability of the project.

A full evaluation of possible financial and operational structures should accompany any planning

for the Armory’s redevelopment. However, there are several development options worth noting that

could support funding the revitalization of the Armory itself; these are presented below.

Sale of the Entire Lot for Redevelopment

The sale for redevelopment of the parking facility

lot could help directly fund the revitalization of the

Armory. While the Armory is in good condition,

considerable investment is still necessary in

order to bring it up to current building standards

and create the quality community facility the

neighborhood needs. These funds must come

from somewhere. As of the writing of this report,

Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz has

pledged $1 million to the Armory redevelopment

efforts. It is certain that a considerable amount

more will be necessary. Public funds could be

sought from other agencies and government

sources, but selling the lot is a straightforward

and viable option for this project.

The one-time earnings from such a sale may not

fully cover total development costs associated

with planning, implementing, and operating a

community facility. Such proceeds would need to

be supplemented with other streams, including

funds from municipal agencies or by a contracted

private operator (e.g. the YMCA, as at the Park

Slope Armory).

Modified Sale of Parking Facility Lot, with

Conditions

An alternate option involves selling the parking

facility lot for lower than market value with the

condition that the buyer must pay an annual fee

towards the operations of the adjoining community

facility. This transactional structure guarantees a

revenue stream for the Armory, reducing the need

for public financial involvement. Also, with lower

upfront costs, the developer may be able to build

the project faster, bringing needed economic

development and a new community facility to

the area more quickly. In addition, by paying an

annual fee towards the upkeep of the Armory,


the developer is making a promise to stay

connected with the community, a necessary

component for this project’s success.

Payment In Lieu of Taxes

Similar to receiving payments on an ongoing

basis, the City may want to pursue a financial

mechanism called Payments in Lieu of Taxes

or PILOTs. PILOTs are agreements between

property owners and the City whereby the

property owner makes payments to a specific

entity in lieu of taxes paid to the city.102 Growing

in popularity among municipalities around the

country, PILOTs are often used to raise funds

for a specific program or project.103

Brooklyn Bridge Park uses this same model

to fund the operations of the park. Under their

agreement, real estate taxes from residential

buildings within the Brooklyn Bridge Park Project

Area are not paid to the City’s general fund but

are earmarked for the park’s maintenance and

operations.104

This type of financial structure could assist in the

ongoing maintenance of the Armory community

facility, while allowing residential development

on the adjacent lot. However, given New York

City’s current financial constraints, the City may

be hesitant to allow PILOTs on new development,

essentially giving up real estate tax revenue to

fund the operations of the site. This system is

more likely to work if the Armory is used for

community centered purposes and the operator

is a not-for-profit entity, thus providing a public

service to the community.

P a g e 8 1 | 1 1 . 0 I m m e d i a t e N e x t S t e p s

11.0Immediate Next StepsThe redevelopment of the Bedford-Union Armory

is likely to take many years to complete and

require coordination among many entities. The

full potential won’t be realized until ownership,

zoning, and planning issues are appropriately

addressed. While these topics will take time to

tackle, there are other items that can begin in the

interim and should be considered the first steps

towards the Armory’s future. We recommend

utilizing the Armory for temporary uses that

require minimal improvements, surveying the

building and making any necessary upgrades

for any future development, and starting a task

force that can carry the planning and community

outreach efforts forward.

1. Secure the transfer of the

Armory from the State to the

City

The Armory is currently owned and operated by

the New York State National Guard. While it is in

the process of being transferred from the State

to City ownership, this transfer is necessary to

begin any redevelopment effort. The City will take


ownership of the property under the Department

of Citywide Administrative Services (DCAS), who

will process the property and decide which avenue

or agency is best to manage the redevelopment

process. No matter which agency is eventually

tasked with the redevelopment process, this

transfer of ownership is essential to begin the

visioning process.

2. Temporary Uses

The Armory should be open in some form

before redevelopment is complete. Increasingly

considered as an interim step in the activation

of vacant lots and underutilized buildings,

temporary uses can add immediate neighborhood

amenities such as greenmarkets and performing

arts spaces or act as short-term incubators for

innovative businesses.105 The DeKalb Market

offers an example of the strategy at work in

nearby downtown Brooklyn. Temporary uses of

the Armory could offer benefits to the community

and the City while giving time for fundraising

and redevelopment planning process. The City

or Borough could try to market the facility as

a film location, especially given its previous

use for this purpose. Community open houses

and tours would give stakeholders additional

opportunities to see the space and envision its

future use.

3. Survey of Building

Condition

Once open, the Armory could present safety

and security challenges depending on the

number and schedule of different groups using

its various spaces. The National Guard has

made capital improvements in recent years,

including updating the women’s locker room

and replacing two boilers. The latter represents

a significant investment that allows the Armory

to satisfy 2011 clean heating oil regulations

from the NYC Department of Environmental

Protection.106 However, the building does not

currently meet NYC Building Code for ingress/

egress or ADA standards for accessibility. In

addition, the basement-level firing range has

been closed due to asbestos leaks and would

require remediation. A comprehensive survey

of the facility is recommended to determine the

full set of modifications necessary to bring the

building up to code.

4. Task Force

It is our recommendation that the BBPO establish

a task force to continue evaluating redevelopment

possibilities for the Armory. This report outlines

the context of the Armory and possibilities for

its redevelopment; further research, outreach,

and public engagement will be required to


formalize next steps in the activation of the Armory. While the BBPO has extensive experience in

creating such groups, we highlight here a few key points that should help mobilize and inform an

Armory task force.107

1. Determine the mission, scope, and goals at the outset to build consensus among task force

members and the community.

2. Establish a process or processes to determine task force members. A mix of appointments and

self-selection could help balance the membership among community leaders and committed local

residents.

3. Select task force members that represent a full cross-section of stakeholders. The full

membership should reflect the demographics of the area and include active organizations, institutions,

community development experts, businesses, and local leaders.

4. Facilitate the task force’s work through logistical planning, technical assistance, and research

and analytical support.

5. Promote transparency and engagement with the community throughout the process by soliciting

additional input from stakeholders present at the Town Hall, interviewed in this report, or otherwise

interested in the Armory and CBI.

P a g e 8 4 | 1 2 . 0 C o n c l u s i o n

12.0ConclusionBrooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz has

identified a unique opportunity to establish the

Bedford-Union Armory as a keystone for central

Brooklyn. Crown Heights is a culturally rich and

diverse neighborhood working to overcome

significant social and economic challenges, and

the Armory can play a crucial role bringing the

community together.

To evaluate possibilities for the future of the Armory,

the NYU Wagner Capstone Team performed in-depth

research on comparable armory redevelopments

and multifaceted community initiatives from around

New York City and across the globe. Tasked with

gathering stakeholder input, we engaged the

community through an Open House at the Armory,

a Town Hall meeting, social media and email

communication, and stakeholder interviews.

The Capstone Team’s primary recommendation is to

convert the Armory into a multipurpose community

center that houses recreation facilities, social

services, and meeting and learning spaces for

people of all cultures, ages and backgrounds.

We recommend that the building be used to

provide space for new and existing community

organizations and institutions. The expansive

drill hall can offer the recreational and athletic

facilities community members desire, while the

rooms in the head house can provide space

for local organizations to have offices, meeting

places, and programming opportunities.

In order to be financially sustainable, the facility’s

operation may benefit from public-private

partnerships, and redevelopment opportunities

for underused parts of the Armory’s lot should

be explored. The Capstone Team strongly

recommends continued engagement with

dedicated community residents and organizations

as the redevelopment process continues. We

envision a bright future for central Brooklyn,

with the Bedford-Union Armory at the forefront

of this ongoing revitalization.

8 5

13.0Endnotes

1 Contemporary World Issues: U.S. Military Service: A Reference Handbook, s.v. “The Dick Act (1903).” Accessed December 15, 2011. http://www.credoreference.com/entry/abcusms/the_dick_act_1903. 2 Nancy Todd. New York's Historic Armories: An Illustrated History. Albany: State University of New York

Press, 2006. 3 Montrose Morris. "Walkabout with Montrose Morris: A Mighty Fortress, Part 2." The Brownstoner, May 19,

2009. Accessed November 20 ,2011. http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2009/05/walkabout-with-6/#troopcarmory-1.

4 Todd (2006), 189. 5 NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs. Spanish American War Troop C Roster. List of Troop C officers

and soldiers who fought in the Spanish American War. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://dmna.ny.gov/historic/reghist/spanAm/rosters/TroopCRoster_SpanAm.pdf

6 Adjutant General of New York State. New York in the Spanish- American War 1898: Part of the Report of the Adjutant General of the State for 1900. Vol. 1-3. Albany: James B Lyone, State Printer, 1900. Accessed January 10, 2012. http://dmna.ny.gov/historic/reghist/spanAm/cavalry/troopCCav/troopCCavMain.htm.

7 "Troop C Armory - NY Military Museum and Veterans Research Center." NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://dmna.ny.gov/historic/armories/TroopCBrooklyn.htm.

8 "Troop C Armory - NY Military Museum and Veterans Research Center." NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs.

9 New York City Department of City Planning 2011. MapPLUTO (Edition 11v2) New York City: NYC Department of City Planning.

10 Todd (2006), 191. 11 Todd (2006), 189. 12 “Squadron "C" armory, Brooklyn, N.Y.” The American Architect and Building News (1876-1908). (January

13, 1906):15. 13 Todd (2006), 218. 14 “Squadron "C" armory, Brooklyn, N.Y.” 15 Park Slope Armory, 1924. Smithsonian Photography Initiative, National Postal Museum. Accessed January

2012. http://photography.si.edu/SearchImage.aspx?id=5633. (photograph) 16 Kyle Crowder. "The Racial Context of White Mobility: An Individual-Level Assessment of the White Flight

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September 6, 1991, First A6 sec. 19 Joe Sexton. "Crown Hts. Tension Persists Despite Healing Effort." New York Times, January 27, 1994,

Late ed., Metropolitan sec. 20 Sexton, New York Times, January 27, 1994. 21 Special thanks to Gretchen Maneval and the staff at the Center for the Study of Brooklyn for providing the

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Districts 8 & 9. Accessed February 25, 2012. www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/pub/departments/csb/1659.htm 23 U.S. Census Bureau. "American Community Survey, 2007-2009 3-year Estimates." Accessed

March 28, 2012. http://factfinder2.census.gov

24 Center for the Study of Brooklyn. The U.S. Census Bureau defines poverty according by comparing a household’s income to a threshold, which is based on age, family size, and number of children. For further information on calculating poverty, see www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/methods/definitions.html.

25 Center for the Study of Brooklyn. 26 Olson E.C., Van Wye, G., Kerker, B., Thorpe, L., and Frieden, T.R. “Take Care Central Brooklyn.” NYC

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27 In their 2006 Community Health Profiles, the NYC DOHMH defines Central Brooklyn as Including Bedford-Stuyvesant, Crown Heights, Prospect Heights, and Brownsville.

28 Bedford-Atlantic Armory (Photograph). Face of Brooklyn Blog. Accessed March 06, 2012. http://faceofbrooklyn.blogspot.com/.

Brooklyn Botanical Garden (Photograph). INE Tours. Accessed March 06, 2012. http://inetours.com/New_York/NYCHm.html.

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http://gowanuslounge.blogspot.com/2007/10/brooklyn-public-library-fountains.html. Jewish Children's Museum (Photograph). Crown Height's Info. Accessed March 08, 2012.

http://www.crownheights.info/. 29 Ruth Crocker. Social Work and Social Order: The Settlement Movement in Two Industrial Cities, 1889-

1930. (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1992). 30 Jason Barnosky. "The Violent Years: Responses to Juvenile Crime in the 1950s."Polity 38, no. 3 (July

2006): 314-44. 31 Dale W. Jorgenson. "Did We Lose the War on Poverty?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, no. 1

(Winter 1998): 79-96. doi:10.1257/jep.12.1.79.; Randy Stoecker. “The Community Development Corporation Model of Urban Redevelopment: A Political Economy Critique and an Alternative.” COMM-ORG: The On-Line Conference on Community Organizing. August 1996. Accessed February 2012. http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers96/cdc.html; Norman J. Glickman and Lisa J. Servon. "More than Bricks and Sticks: Five Components of Community Development Corporation Capacity." Housing Policy Debate 9, no. 3 (1998): 497-539.

32 "Community Development Laws and Regulations/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)." U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/communitydevelopment/rulesandregs.

33 Anne Kubisch. "Comprehensive Community Initiatives: Lessons in Neighborhood Transformation," Shelterforce Online, National Housing Institute, January/February 1996. Accessed on March 25, 2012. http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/85/compcominit.html

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37 Juliet Linderman. "Greenpoint Hospital: Nearly Three Years and Counting." Greenpoint Gazette. December 24, 2009. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://www.greenpointnews.com/news/greenpoint-hospital-nearly-three-years-and-counting.

38 The Center for Family Life Sunset Park. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://www.cflsp.org. 39 "Crown Heights Community Mediation Center." Center for Court Innovation. Accessed February 29, 2012.

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42 Toni-Ann Martin. "Jamming with a Purpose at The Point." The Bronx Free Press, April 2011. Accessed February 2012. http://thebronxfreepress.com/archives/2011/0413/feature_story_4.html

43 THE POINT Community Development Corporation. Accessed March 2012. http://www.thepoint.org/mission.php.

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47 Grover J. Whitehurst and Michelle Croft. “The Harlem Children’s Zone, Promise Neighborhoods, and the Broader, Bolder Approach to Education.” July 20, 2010. The Brookings Institution: Brown Center on Education Policy at Brookings. Accessed March 21, 2012. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2010/0720_hcz_whitehurst/0720_hcz_whitehurst.pdf

48 T.M. Shultz. "Task Force Agrees on Preliminary Carver Park Redevelopment Map."Yuma Sun, February 8, 2003. Accessed January 7, 2012. http://www.yumasun.com/news/park-2098-carver-city.html.

49 "MLK Neighborhood Center." City Of Yuma. Accessed March 20, 2012. http://www.yumaaz.gov/12054.htm.

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54 Jeremiah Boyle. “Concentrated Poverty in Milwaukee,” Profitwise News and Views. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. (2009): 1-9.

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57 Agape Community Center. Accessed February 18, 2012. http://agape-center.org/. 58 “Higher Broughton Community Hub." Urban Vision Partnership Ltd. Accessed March 24, 2012.

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61 Karl Blockwell. "Key Salford Community Hub Takes Shape." Capita Symonds Website. August 15, 2011. Accessed March 24, 2012. http://www.capitasymonds.co.uk/news__events/news/key_salford_community_hub_take.aspx.

62 Urban Vision Partnership Ltd. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://www.urbanvision.org.uk/. 63 "RDM Nu." RDM Campus. Accessed February 1, 2012. http://www.rdmcampus.nl/rdm-campus/rdm-nu. 64 TIME Global Health Summit: More Heroes. Uncorrected Transcript from November 3, 2005. Proceedings

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65 "Building a Peaceful and United Kibera." Carolina for Kibera. Accessed February 20, 2012. http://cfk.unc.edu/whatwedo/communityofkibera/.

66 Carolina for Kibera website. 67 Nancy Coggins. "Reflections of Hope Winners Announced." Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum

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68 Kingsbridge Armory Task Force Report. Report. Accessed October 20, 2011. http://www.armoryonpark.org/index.php/about_us/history/, 117.


69 "Park Slope Armory Sports Complex." YMCA of New York. Accessed January 9, 2012. http://www.ymcanyc.org/park-slope-armory-ymca/park-slope-armory-ymca/facility/

70 "Park Slope Armory Sports Complex." YMCA of New York. 71 "369th Regiment Armory - The Harlem Armory, Central Harlem." Harlem One Stop: Music, Art, Historic

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72 "Family, Community, and Health." Harlem Children's Zone. Accessed February 29, 2012. http://www.hcz.org/-family-community-and-health/health.

73 “Family, Community, and Health." Harlem Children's Zone. 74 Makkada Selah. "Torch Passed to Harlem Children’s Zone, New Steward of Historic Harlem Armory." The

Uptowner, October 20, 2010. Accessed March 21, 2012. http://theuptowner.org/2010/10/20/torch-passed-to-harlem-childrens-zone-new-steward-of-historic-harlem-armory/.

75 "About Us: SOFA New York." Park Avenue Armory. Accessed January 10, 2012. http://www.armoryonpark.org/index.php/about_us/.

76 "About Us: SOFA New York." Park Avenue Armory.” 77 "53rd Army Liaison Team." New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs. November 24, 2008. Accessed

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79 "The Armory Foundation." Armory Track. Accessed December 10, 2011. http://www.armorytrack.com/Armory.

80 "Main Street Armory." Rochester Main Street Armory. Accessed January 2, 2012. http://www.rochestermainstreetarmory.com/history.

81 "Museum Information." Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science &Technology. Accessed December 15, 2011. http://www.most.org/.

82 "About the Armory." Portland Center Stage. Accessed February 29, 2012. http://www.pcs.org/about-the-armory/.

83 Joseph De Avila. "Armory in Brooklyn Regroups." Wall Street Journal, January 11, 2012. Accessed January 12, 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204257504577153230793518596.html.

84 Jennifer Bleyer. "The Last Lace-Up." New York Times, April 22, 2007, NY/Region sec. Accessed March 21, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/nyregion/thecity/22empi.html?_r=1.

85 "Roller Skating Rink Buildings." Southeastern Skate Supply on the Web, Inline and Quad Skates and Skating Rinks. Accessed January 9, 2012. http://www.seskate.com/build/building.htm.

86 Cantor, Eric. Orientation. Community Mentoring for Adolescent Development. Baylor University. Foundation, A. E. (2011). Children in single-parent families by race (Number) – 2010. Accessed March 2012, from Kids Count Data Center: http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/acrossstates/Rankings.aspx?loct=2&by=a&order=a&ind=107&dtm=432&ch=a&tf=133

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91 Please see the NYC Dept of City Planning’s Community District Profiles for complete lists of day care centers in CDs 8 and 9. Available at http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/lucds/cdstart.shtml

92 Dharma Dailey, et al. "Broadband Adoption in Low-Income Communities." Social Science Research Council, 2010, 37-48.


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94 "NREL PVWatts Viewer." National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Accessed March 2012. http://mapserve3.nrel.gov/PVWatts_Viewer/index.html.

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97 “After School Programs." City of Durham. Accessed March 28, 2012. http://durhamnc.gov/ich/op/prd/Pages/After-School.aspx. After School Programs." City of Durham. Accessed March 28, 2012. http://durhamnc.gov/ich/op/prd/Pages/After-School.aspx.

98 Jamestown - The Jamestown Community Center. Accessed March 21, 2012. http://jamestownsf.org/essentials.php?article=68.

99 See e.g. YMCA of Greater Hartford, CT http://www.ghymca.org/membershipForAll.cfm; YMCA of Greenville, SC http://www.ymcagreenville.org/membershipgit.php; YMCA of Greater Richmond, VA http://www.ymcarichmond.org/affordable/.

100 “NYC Zoning - Zoning Districts." NYC Department of City Planning. Accessed October 18, 2011. http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/zh_r6.shtml.

101 “NYC Zoning - Glossary." NYC Department of City Planning. Accessed October 18, 2011. http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/glossary.shtml.

102 "Bureau of Audit." Office of the New York City Comptroller John C. Liu. March 1, 2012. Accessed April 10, 2012. http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov/bureaus/audit/annual_FY11.shtm.

103 Daphne A. Kenyon, and Adam H. Langley. "Payments in Lieu of Taxes: Balancing Municipal and Nonprofit Interests." Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, November 2010.

104 Brooklyn Bridge Park. Accessed April 10, 2012. http://www.brooklynbridgepark.org/. 105 Chris Steins. "How Temporary Uses Can Revitalize Neighborhoods." Planetizen. December 28, 2007.

Accessed April 10, 2012. http://www.planetizen.com/node/29074. 106 Eligio Santiago. "Tour of Bedford-Union Armory." Interview by author. November 7, 2011. 107 Task force resources include: the Campaign for Community-Based Planning,

http://communitybasedplanning.wordpress.com/; US Department of Transportation, http://contextsensitivesolutions.org/content/reading/organizing/; US Department of Housing & Urban Development, http://www.huduser.org/publications/rbcpubs/creatinglocal.html.


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15.0Appendices

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APPENDIX I: SCHEMATICS AND ROOM INFORMATION

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Bedford-Union Armory Floor Plan Index

FLOOR ROOM #/NAME SQ/FT OCCUPANT/USE ROOM CONDITION LAN PHONE

1st 100 154 NONE FAIR, FLOOR NEEDS REFURBISH

NO NO

1st 101 304 RECRUITER GOOD YES YES 1st 102 NONE GOOD NO NO 1st 103 169 SWITCHBOARD ROOM FAIR, FLOOR NEEDS

RETILE YES NO

1st 103a 221 SUPERINTENDENT OFFICE GOOD, FLOOR NEEDS REFURBISH

YES YES

1st 104 1117 NCO CLUB FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 104a 119 NCO CLUB KITCHEN POOR, NEEDS REHAB NO NO 1st 105 4254 GYM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 105a 119 GYM LATERINE FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 106 1054 EMERGENCY OFFICE POOR, NEEDS REHAB YES NO 1st 107 604 STATE SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 108 1490 FEMALE LOCKER ROOM GOOD NO NO 1st 109 481 STATE STORAGE ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO 1st 110 1490 222 CHEM CO FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 111 480 222 CHEM CO FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO 1st 112 1490 MESS HALL FAIR, PAINT PEELING NO NO 1st 113 480 STATE STORAGE ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO 1st 114 1490 KITCHEN GOOD NO NO 1st 115 335 SALT ROOM POOR, NEEDS REHAB NO NO 1st 116 1490 222 CHEM CO MALE LOCKER

ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO

1st 117 480 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO 1st 118 1490 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 119 607 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM POOR, NEEDS REHAB YES NO 1st 120 1067 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO 1st 121 134 EMPTY ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE

CEILING NO NO

1st 122 134 EMPTY ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE CEILING

NO NO

1st 123 134 42 TAC 2 ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE CEILING

NO NO

1st 124 134 222 CHEM CO ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE CEILING

NO NO

1st 125 848 OLD OMS#12 STORAGE ROOM (EMPTY)

FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO

1st 126 4004 OLD OMS# 12 SHOP/OFFICE (EMPTY)

GOOD YES YES



1st CAGING AREA (EMPTY) FAIR, NEEDS FLOOR REPLACED

NO NO

1st EMPTY OMS#12 BATTERY ROOM NONE

GOOD NO NO

1st EMPTY OMS#12 BREAK, LOCKER & STORAG

GOOD NO NO

1st EMPTY OMS# 12 VEHICLE STORAGE AREA

GOOD NO NO

1st DRILL HALL FLOOR FAIR, STEEL GRIDDERS, WINDOWS, HEAT REPAIR

NO NO

2nd 201 1055 NONE POOR CEILING PAINT

PEELING & FLOOR REPAIR YES YES

2nd 202 360 222 CHEM CONFERENCE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES 2nd 202a 180 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO 2nd 202b 38 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A 2nd 204 338 222 CHEMICAL ADMIN

OFFICE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES

2nd 204a 181 222 CHEMICAL ADMIN STOR. SUPP

FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO

2nd 204b 41 222 CHEMICAL LATERINE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A 2nd 205 342 222 CHEMICALTRAIN & 1ST

SGT FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES

2nd 206 105 222 CHEMICALCMDR OFFICE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES 2nd 206a 44 222 CHEMICAL CMDR

LATERINE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A

2nd 207 270 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES 2nd 207a 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A 2nd 208 153 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO 2nd 208a 180 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES 2nd Balcony A 27 NO N/A N/A 2nd Balcony B 772 NO POOR CEILING NEEDS

REPAIR & AREA N/A N/A

2nd Balcony C 253 NO N/A N/A 2nd Balcony D 785 NO POOR CEILING NEEDS

REPAIR & AREA N/A N/A

3rd 300 375 NONE POOR CEILING FALLING &

AREA REPAIRS NO NO

3rd 301 175 FEMALE LATERINE GOOD N/A N/A 3rd 302 794 42 TAC 2 CONFERENCE

ROOM POOR CEILING FALLING & AREA REPAIRS

NO NO



3rd 302a 42 TAC 2 CONFERENCE ROOM SINK CLOSET

GOOD N/A N/A

3rd 303 415 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 304 435 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 305 410 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 305a 334 42 TAC 2 GOOD NO NO 3rd 305b 334 42 TAC 2 FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO 3rd 306 306 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 306a 306 42 TAC 2 FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A 3rd 307 258 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 307a 148 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 307b 148 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES 3rd 308 102 MALE LATERINE POOR NEEDS COMPLETE

REHAB N/A N/A

Basement B 1 214 STATE ROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE

REHAB NO NO

Basement B1a 213 STATE RM KITCHEN POOR NEEDS COMPLETE REHAB

NO NO

Basement B1b 194 STATE LOCKERROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE REHAB

NO NO

Basement B1c 930 STATE STORAGE ROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE REHAB

NO NO

Basement B2 66 ELECTRICAL ROOM GOOD N/A N/A Basement B3 3261 LOCKERROOM FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B3a 65 LOCKERROOM CLOSET FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B3b 488 LOCKERROOM LATERINE FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B3c 1623 LOCKERROOM REAR FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B3d 550 LOCKERROOM SHOWER FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B3e 51 LOCKERROOM CLOSET FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B4 107 BOILER ROOM LATERINE POOR NEEDS COMPLETE

REHAB N/A N/A

Basement B5 1454 BOILER ROOM GOOD N/A N/A Basement B5a 992 BOILER ROOM SUPPLY FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B5b 51 FUEL TANK ROOM 6OOD N/A N/A Basement B6 210 STATE STORAGE ROOM GOOD N/A N/A Basement B7 195 STATE STORAGE ROOM GOOD N/A N/A Basement B8 411 42 TAC 2 GOOD N/A N/A Basement B9 435 NONE GOOD N/A N/A Basement B10 215 222 CHEM CO GOOD N/A N/A


* Information provided by the New York State National Guard


Basement B11 104 EMPTY GOOD N/A N/A Basement B12 132 TELEPHONE ROOM GOOD N/A N/A Basement B13 133 ELEVATOR MOTOR ROOM GOOD N/A N/A Basement B14 600 NONE FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B15 295 NONE FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B16 312 EMPTY STORAGE RM FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement B17 1032 RANGE POOR NEEDS COMPLETE

REHAB N/A N/A

Basement B17a CIVIL DEFENSE ROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE REHAB

N/A N/A

Basement B18 518 STATE STORAGE ROOM FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A Basement GARAGE AREA FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A


APPENDIX II MEDIA COVERAGE Online & Print Publications Calder, Rich. "Markowitz Donating $1M Towards Reviving Crown Heights Armory."

New York Post, February 1, 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/brooklyn/markowitz_donating_towards_reviving_IMNsu4n1zobT5N0F0zEHOP.

COLlive Reporter. "2012 What To Do With the Armory?" January 10, 2012. Community

News Service. Accessed February 2012. http://www.collive.com/show_news.rtx?id=18111&alias=what-to-do-with-the-armory.

De Avila, Joseph. "Armory in Brooklyn Regroups." The Wall Street Journal, January 11,

2012. Accessed February 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204257504577153230793518596.html.

Durkin, Erin. "Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz Wants to Turn Two

Borough Armories into Rec Centers." Daily News, February 3, 2010. Accessed February 2012. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-02-03/local/27055157_1_homeless-men-markowitz-rec-center.

Magnus, Cynthia. "Markowitz Returns to Alma Mater For State of the Borough

Address." Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 2, 2012. Accessed April 2012. http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/markowitz-returns-alma-mater-state-borough-address.

"What to Do with the Bedford Armory?" The Real Deal, January 11, 2012. Accessed

February 2012. http://therealdeal.com/blog/2012/01/11/what-to-do-with-the-bedford-armory/.

Zawadi, Kaia. "Bedford Armory Revitalization Plans Draws Large Crowd and Ideas."

Our Time Press, January 14, 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://ourtimepress.com/2012/01/14/bedford-armory-revitalization-plans-draws-large-crowd-and-ideas/.


Video Bedford Union Armory Rehab: Brooklyn Review. Directed by Brooklyn Independent

Television. Brooklyn Review: BRIC Community Media. January 9, 2012. Accessed January 2012. http://briccommunitymedia.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/bedford-union-armory-rehab%EF%BC%9A-brooklyn-review/.

Community Ponders How To Use Old Crown Heights Armory. By Jeanine Ramirez. NY

1. January 9, 2012. Accessed January 2012. http://bronx.ny1.com/content/top_stories/153878/community-ponders-how-to-use-old-crown-heights-armory/.

Blogs B.H. TAL Real Estate. "Brooklyn News: Bedford Armory Town Hall Discussion Set for

Monday." B.H. TAL Real Estate Blog (web blog), January 6, 2012. Accessed January 2012. http://www.bhtalrealestate.com/2012/01/brooklyn-news-bedford-armory-town-hall-discussion-set-for-monday/.

Emily. "Meeting About Possible Uses for Crown Heights Armory." Brownstoner (web

blog), January 6, 2012. Accessed January 2012. http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2012/01/monday-community-meeting-on-the-bedford-union-armory/?stream=true#.

Ferrara, Lucas A. "Into the Bedford-Union Armory?: BP Markowitz to Present Open

House, Town Hall Meeting on Future of Bedford-Union Armory." New York Real Estate Lawyer's Blog (web blog), January 6, 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://www.nyrealestatelawblog.com/2012/01/into_the_bedford-union_armory.html.

Flatbed, Clarkson. "This Could Be Huge: Open House Monday." The Q at Parkside

(web blog), January 5, 2012. Accessed April 2012. http://theqatparkside.blogspot.com/2012/01/this-could-be-huge-actually-it-already.html.

Frances, Roberts, and Levine, Richard B. "New Uses for Old Buildings." Newscom

Focal Point (web blog), January 11, 2012. Accessed April 2012. http://blog.newscom.com/?p=5355.

Gabby. "Various Uses Possible for Bedford Armory." Brownstoner (web blog), January

11, 2012. Accessed April 2012. http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2012/01/various-uses-possible-for-bedford-armory/.


Levine, Richard B. "National Guard Armory to Get New Life." Levine-Roberts (web blog), January 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://levineroberts.photoshelter.com/image/I0000tcWBINGBesg.

Morris, Montrose. "Building of the Day: 1579 Bedford Avenue." Brownstoner (web

blog), September 16, 2011. Accessed February 2012. http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2011/09/building-of-the-day-1579-bedford-avenue/.

Oder, Norman. "State of the Borough: Markowitz's Overstuffed Tribute to Brooklyn,

with Only Mild Enthusiasm for the New Arena." Atlantic Yards Report (web blog), February 2, 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://atlanticyardsreport.blogspot.com/2012/02/state-of-borough-markowitzs-overstuffed.html.

Pringle, Jamila. "Brooklyn: A Developing Story." The Brooklyn Bureau (web blog),

February 14, 2012. Accessed April 2012. http://www.bkbureau.org/brooklyn-developing-story.

Schuh, Jamie. "Markowitz Unveils Plans, Invites Apple to Brooklyn, and More in

Address." Carroll Gardens Patch (web blog), February 2, 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://carrollgardens.patch.com/articles/markowitz-unveils-plans-invites-apple-to-brooklyn-and-more-in-address.

Worthy-Davis, Aja. "ATTENTION: Community Discussion on Bedford-Union Armory;

1/9." Team Tish Blog (web blog), January 4, 2012. Accessed February 2012. http://teamtish.blogspot.com/2012/01/attention-community-discussion-on.html.


APPENDIX III: STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY REVITALIZATION Key Stakeholder Interview Protocol

Name: ______________________________ Date: ________________________ Title/ Organization: ____________________ Team Member: ________________

1. [If applicable] Can you tell me a little about your organization and your role there? a. How long have you and/or your organization been working in central Brooklyn? b. What is the mission of your organization? c. What are the main issues you encounter and seek to resolve?/What community

issues are priorities for you? d. Who are your constituents?

2. How long have you been aware of/involved with the Armory? When did you learn about the Armory revitalization project?

3. What are your organization’s top priorities with regards to the Armory’s revitalization?

4. What new programming and services would best serve your interests and needs? Short term needs? Long term?

5. What programming and services would be complimentary to the services that you already offer?

6. What do you not want to see at the Armory? (e.g. types of programming, development)

7. In what ways are you and/or your organization interested in contributing to the Armory revitalization during the revitalization process and/or once the Armory is in operation? (e.g. programming, funding, personnel, access to constituents, classes etc.)

8. How would you define success for the Armory revitalization?

9. Are you aware of other community-based revitalization efforts, whether like the Armory or not, that we can learn from? These could be successes or failures.

10. What challenges do you think the Borough Presidents’ Office will face as the project proceeds? [Or: What challenges do you think the Armory revitalization project will face?]

11. Given the complexity and size of this initiative, it is clearly a long-term project--one that will need long-term involvement from community members, organizations, and leaders. Are you/is your organization interested in being involved with this initiative going forward? And if so, in what capacity?

12. Who are other individuals/organizations that you think we should be sure to reach out to regarding the Armory?

Thank you very much for taking the time to speak with us.


APPENDIX IV

HEAD HOUSE RECOMMENDATIONS B.2.1 Youth Services

Mentoring

Mentoring Resources

MENTOR Helps children by creating and providing resources for mentoring programs nationwide, and advocating for high quality mentoring through cutting edge tools and research-based standards.

Big Brothers/Big Sisters of NYC

Connects mentors with children in need of adult role models, with the goal of providing caring friends to enhance children’s futures. Also trains community organizations in creating their own mentoring programs.

One Hundred Black Men, Inc.

Directed towards African-Americans, seeks to improve quality of life, educational opportunities, and economic options; includes a mentoring program focused on the social, cultural, and emotional well-being of children eight to eighteen years old.

The Teen ACTION (Achieving Change Together in Our Neighborhood) Initiative

NYC Government Department of Youth and Community Development program. Involves seventh through tenth graders in designing and executing meaningful community service projects. This program promotes appreciation for service and civic engagement, life-skills and critical-thinking skills, supportive relationships with caring adults, academic achievement, and healthy behaviors.

Foundations of Successful Youth Mentoring: A Guidebook for Program Development

A resource published by the Hamilton Fish Institute on School and Community Violence & The National Mentoring Center at Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (2007).


http://www.mentoring.org/

http://www.bigsnyc.org/index.php?gclid=CnyRqO7H9q4CFYNo4AodOXrf0A

http://www.100blackmen.org/mentoring.aspx

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dycd/html/afterschool/teen_action.shtml

http://gwired.gwu.edu/hamfish/merlin-cgi/p/downloadFile/d/20699/n/off/other/1/name/foundationspdf/

Afterschool Programs

The New York City Department of Youth and Community Development sponsors a

handful of different types of afterschool programs, located in schools and in spaces

provided by partner organizations. Currently, there are nine city afterschool programs

in Brooklyn CDs 8 and 9, all of which are part of the “Out of School Time” (OST) and

Beacon programs. However, Mayor Bloomberg’s proposed 2012 budget cuts, if

passed, could eliminate seven of the Beacon programs citywide.1

Current programs in CD 8 and 9:

• Big Five Block Association

• Brooklyn Community Services

• CAMBA

• Community Counseling and Mediation

• Flatbush Action Community Day Care Center

• Friends of Crown Heights Educational Center

• Global Kids, Inc.

• Haitian American Day Care Center

• Research Foundation of CUNY2

1 Ruschell Boone, writer, "Parents Decry Cuts To Beacon After-School Programs," in Top Stories, NY1, March 23, 2012, accessed March 25, 2012, http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/158204/parents-decry-cuts-to-beacon-after-school-programs. 2 "Afterschool Programs," Department of Youth and Community Development, accessed January 12, 2012, http://www.nyc.gov/html/dycd/html/afterschool/programs.shtml.


http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/158204/parents-decry-cuts-to-beacon-after-school-programs

B.2.3 Workforce Development Services

New York City Agencies

Mayor’s Office of Adult Education

• Offer free classes open to all New Yorkers in basic reading and writing, English for Speakers of Other Languages (English/ESOL), preparing for the General Educational Development Test (GED), and job training

• Currently only two locations in Brooklyn

NYC Workforce1

• Program from NYC Small Business Services • Prepares and connects qualified candidates to job opportunities in New

York City • Three locations in Brooklyn, either downtown and/or appointment only

New York State Agencies

NYS Department of Labor – Career Development

• Offer a series of on-line tools that can connect New Yorkers with job training, employment searches, and skill development

• Support two career centers in downtown Brooklyn

Not-for-profit Organizations

Brooklyn Workforce Innovations

• Seek to empower low- and moderate-income people by creating living-wage employment opportunities and access to career paths

• Sectors range from woodworking to communications to commercial truck driving

• Based in Park Slope and affiliated with NYCHA and Fifth Avenue Committee, Inc., a South Brooklyn community development corporation

Career & Educational Consultants, Inc.

• Operates seven government funded training and job placement contracts

• Focuses on computer skills and preparing students for a career in a challenging technology-based workplace

New York City Employment & Training Coalition

• Provide training and connect people to jobs and training opportunities • Undertake advocacy efforts for effective workforce development

policies and funding

Non-Traditional Employment for Women (NEW)

• Prepares women for nontraditional careers in the construction, utilities, maintenance, green, and transportation industries

• Offices located in Manhattan

Seedco

• National organization founded in NYC • Manages an array of workforce development programs in New York

City, as well as a network of 22 community-based organizations that provide workforce and benefits access services to residents in need


http://www.nyc.gov/html/adulted/html/home/home.shtml

http://www.nyc.gov/html/sbs/wf1/html/home/home.shtml

http://labor.ny.gov/careerservices/planyourcareer/planningyourcareerindex.shtm

http://www.bwiny.org/

http://www.cecmetrotraining.com/pages/1/index.htm

http://www.nycetc.org/

http://www.new-nyc.org/

http://www.seedco.org/where-we-work/new-york/

The Hope Program

• Blend vocational, educational and social services • Focuses on work readiness training, job placement, job retention, and

career advancement for low-income New Yorkers • Based in downtown Brooklyn

Institutes of Higher Education

Medgar Evers College - The Center for Professional Education

• College degrees and to non-degree students needing courses in order to improve their skills or to upgrade their qualifications for job advancement or job change

• Include certificate programs in computer and multimedia technology, paraprofessional, and management and leadership

State University of New York Brooklyn Educational Opportunity Center

• Focus on access to higher education and promoting economic self-sufficiency

• Programs range from bookkeeping, IT support, and medical office administration

Youth-Specific Programs

Brooklyn Borough President’s Summer H.E.A.T. (Help Employ Ambitious Teens)

• Encourages Brooklyn businesses to invest in youth through employment.

• Includes a business etiquette workshop given by the Junior League of Brooklyn, where teenagers can learn about resumes and cover letters, dressing appropriately for the office, and job interview skills.

CAMBA – Next Step

• Provide occupational training, basic skills instruction and job readiness training for out-of-school eligible students, ages 18-21.

• Focus on health codes standards for food establishments/workers. • Participants receive Work Readiness Training that addresses various

employment necessities such as interview preparation skills, Job search techniques and resume writing.

• Program includes internships, volunteer opportunities and employment placement assistance, and GED exam and/or college admissions assistance preparation.

City University of New York - Young Adult Employment Program

• Provide customized vocational training, support, job development, placement, and retention services to disconnected youth age 18-24.

• Include hands-on experiential learning and industry-recognized credential programs.

NYC Department of Youth & Community Development – Out-of-School Youth Program

• For 16-21 year-old young adults who are not connected to school or work, or who need assistance upgrading their job skills.

• Funded through the federal Workforce Investment Act • Programs include occupational skills training, assistance with job and

college placement, GED preparation and support services.


http://www.thehopeprogram.org/

http://www.mec.cuny.edu/academic_affairs/profession_ed/professional_education.asp

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dycd/html/jobs/out_of_school_youth_program.shtml

http://www.nyc.gov/html/ceo/html/programs/cuny_adult_prog.shtml

http://www.camba.org/Programs/EducationYouthDevelopment/CareerDevelopment/NextStep/tabid/288/menuheader/1/submenuheader/6/Default.aspx

http://www.brooklyn-usa.org/pages/Summer_Heat/summerheat_employer.htm

B.2.4 Community services

Community Kitchen

All community facilities need a kitchen of some sorts in order to prepare and serve

food for the multitude of events that are held in those spaces, and a kitchen already

exists within the Armory. This offers a unique opportunity for the Crown Heights

community to utilize this space. The Armory’s kitchen, located on the first floor, is

reported to be in “good” condition and is 1,480 SF in size. Given the size of the Armory

and the expected variety of uses from large ballroom type catered events to

recreational facility concessions, a high-end kitchen will certainly be necessary.

To make best use of this space when events are not occurring, the kitchen could be

used as a community kitchen where cooking classes or specialty food classes could

be taught. The operations of such a program could vary from professional weekly

classes offered for a fee to informal meet-ups of cooking enthusiasts, using the

community kitchen to learn from one another and provide healthy meals to those at the

Armory. Additionally, a community kitchen could also offer CBI users of different

cultures opportunities to learn and experience the food of their neighbors. Programs

can be linked with after school programs and other populations to teach individuals

how to cook nutritious meals, how to budget better and develop shopping lists, and

how to reduce dependence on fast food or other unhealthy options.3

Types of uses

• Cooking and nutrition classes • Rented out for events taking place within the Armory • Teaching kitchen • In conjunction with after school programs • Parent-child after school cooking • Linked with kitchen incubator programs • Cross-cultural food exchange • Skill share

3 "Community Kitchens." Community Kitchens. Accessed January 3, 2012. http://www.communitykitchens.org.au/About/.


Benefits

• Social skills – communication and interpersonal skills • Teamwork and leadership skills – working with others, taking a leadership role • Budgeting – writing shopping lists, saving money, buying in bulk or on sale • Cooking – learning new recipes and cooking techniques • Shopping – saving money on food costs • Greater motivation to cook at home • Reduced intake of takeout and fast-food • Access to food – increased availability and variety of food • Literacy and numeracy • Confidence and self-esteem4

Key Questions

• Are there resources to buy and install necessary equipment? • Is there a community (or City) partner to help supply food at low or no cost? • Will a specific entity be in charge of operating the kitchen? • Are there conflicts around using the kitchen for for-profit events or services? • Should the kitchen space be enlarged and upgraded for large-scale uses?

Community Kitchen Resources

Community Cooking Club

Uses cooking to empower and improve the health of people in urban environments. Based in New York City.

Oregon Health and Science University Teaching Kitchen

Offers group classes and demonstrations of healthy eating and cooking skills. Based in Portland, Oregon.

Brooklyn Botanical Garden

Offers cooking classes in conjunction with youth gardening programs. Based at BBG, Prospect Park, Brooklyn.

Food For Life Partnership

Seeks to transform English food culture by improving access to local organic food and educating on the skills needed to grow and cook food. Based in Bristol, England.

Cook It Up! (Research Project)

Provides life skills and food literacy and applied cooking programming to vulnerable populations, including at-risk youth. Based in Ontario, Canada.

4 "Community Kitchens." Community Kitchens.


http://cargocollective.com/community-cooking-club

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/about/services/march-wellness/facilities/teaching-kitchen.cfm

http://www.bbg.org/

http://www.foodforlife.org.uk/

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/4/495

Work Share

The community meeting held in January of 2012 raised the idea of skill share or time

share, whereby community members could help teach or share their time in return for

other services form other community members. Several existing systems were

reviewed for viability of being housed at the Armory.

Time Bank, a national non-profit from Washington D.C., promotes the sharing of time

and talent to build caring community economies.5 Localities set up their own time

banks within their communities for people to voluntarily become members. Each

member can donate their time or talents and receive credits into a bank. Just as with a

monetary bank, members can withdraw credits for other services offered by other

member. For example, a lawyer that gives a few free hours of service to another

member in the community would receive credits in the bank for doing so. At a later day,

the lawyer could withdraw those credits in the form of babysitting services from

someone else in the system that is looking to earn some credits for another service.

Skillshare, another similar program, allows people to develop and teach classes that

share their talents or resources with other members in the community.6 These classes

can be free or cost up to hundreds of dollars, depending on the topic and timeframe

for each. The classes can range from sewing to checkbook balancing, all of which can

be developed and promoted on the Skillshare website. Since classes can be held

anywhere, the Armory could house these classes, helping the community share skills in

a central communal space.

5 TimeBanks USA. Accessed February 19, 2012. http://timebanks.org/about. 6 "Skillshare - What Is Skillshare?" Skillshare. Accessed February 12, 2012. http://www.skillshare.com/about.


Computer laboratory and multimedia facility

Exemplar Organizations

BDPA (Black Data Processing Associates)

• National professional organization that seeks to ensure minorities are adequately represented in the computer industry

• The New York chapter serves as partner on numerous community technology centers in the city

BRIC Community Media

• Community access television organization in Brooklyn • Provides free access to media production equipment and facilities and

to low-cost media education • Airs BRIC- and community-produced television programs

Cambridge Community Television (CCTV)

• Community media center in Cambridge, MA that provides training and access to audio and video production tools for local residents, businesses and organizations.

• Staffed by interns and community volunteers. • Partners with a wide variety of community institutions.

The National Urban Technology Center

• Not-for-profit based in lower Manhattan that develops technology-based products for building social, computer and academic skills among underserved youth.

• Has worked with community-based organizations to establish more than 750 computer-training centers

B.2.5 Community arts programming

Youth Art, Dance, and Theater

There are many organizations and programs in New York City that engage youth in

artistic and creative pursuits. Downtown Art, in the East Village, is a free theater and

music program in which teens work on all aspects of creating, performing, and

producing a show.7 The organization also publishes a comprehensive guide to youth

theater, music, film, visual arts, writing, and leadership programs in New York City.

Ifetayo Cultural Arts Academy, in Flatbush, Brooklyn, offers a range of community- and

culturally-focused art, music, dance, health, and educational programs for teens.

Organizations like these provide valuable youth services but often face funding and

space limitations.

7 Downtown Art. Accessed January 2012. http://www.downtownart.org.


http://www.bdpa-ny.org/

http://www.bricartsmedia.org/community-media

http://www.cctvcambridge.org/

http://www.urbantech.org/

http://www.downtownart.org/

Visual art programs (e.g. painting, drawing, photography, film) require dedicated studio

space with room to store and use equipment. Certain types of programs are more

flexible in terms of sharing space than others; for example, digital film and photography

editing requires computers and equipment with sufficient software, memory, and

security, while painting and drawing require table space and sinks for cleanup. These

studios would also be improved with the addition of lockable storage areas.

Theater programs also require dedicated space with specific affordances, such as a

stage, seating, audio and lighting capabilities, acoustic considerations, and workshop

space and storage for costume and set design.

Dance studio space may be more flexible than other arts spaces, depending on the

kind of dance offered and the providing organization. It may be possible to offer dance

classes in the same space, at different times, as certain exercise classes (e.g. yoga,

aerobics). When it comes to performances, however, dance programs will have similar

requirements to theater programs. Depending on schedules, it may be possible for

dance and theater to share performance spaces.


APPENDIX V

ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS

C.1 Rentable space

Previously, the Armory has been rented out for a variety of uses such as movie

production (e.g., filming of The Sorcerer’s Stone) and religious ceremonies. Both of

these uses involved the drill hall; depending on how the drill hall is ultimately

developed, these types of rentals may no longer be possible. However, the head house

contains approximately 50,000 SF worth of office and classroom space, and some

portion of this could remain available for rental for community organizations, small

businesses and not-for-profits.

Additionally, there is space immediately inside the Bedford Avenue entrance that could

be rented for events while remaining open at all other times for community gatherings

and meetings free of charge. Event rentals generally include staff assistance, chairs,

tables, set-up and breakdown fees, wi-fi access and audio-visual equipment. (See the

Park Avenue Armory for event space rental and Rochester Main Street Armory for

office rental.)

Types of Uses

• Office

• Community organizations

• Birthday parties and other community uses

• Banquets

• Religious ceremonies

• Studio space

• Civic uses

Key Questions

• Will the drill hall be available for rental? For how long?

• How much non-drill hall space will be available for rental? For what uses?

• Is versatile space needed or just office space?

• Will certain organizations, businesses or not-for-profits be prioritized?


• Will revenue generated be earmarked for particular uses? Who determines this?

• Who will manage leases, rent amounts, and tenant relations?

• Will access to the kitchen be allowed? Under what conditions?

• For large events, will parking be an issue? Can a relationship with a local garage

or lot be established to provide affordable parking to Armory users?

• Will Internet, utilities and other expenses be covered in the cost of rental?

C.2 High-tech capacity

In 2011, the Human Rights Council of the United Nations General Assembly, declared

access to the Internet to be a basic human right, placing special emphasis on the

Internet’s powerful role in the 21st century in increasing opportunity, transparency, and

citizen participation.1 Affordability remains a significant obstacle to universal availability

of Internet services and the companies, public agencies, and non-profit organizations

that follow work to bridge the “digital divide” by extending Internet service to

previously under-connected areas.

Potential Wi-Fi Partners

New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DoITT)

• Its Connected Communities Initiative plans to create 40 public computing centers that will provide free Internet access in low-income communities across the city.

• Partners with Time Warner Cable and Cablevision Systems. • Investing in libraries, public housing facilities, senior centers and

community centers.

NYC Wireless • Has built wireless networks in public spaces across the city and in

affordable housing developments in Brooklyn, the Bronx and Manhattan.

Digital Divide Partnership

• Works in collaboration with New York State's Chief Information Officer/Office for Technology.

• Focuses on providing broadband wi-fi access to New York City Housing Authority buildings, public schools, parks and playgrounds in New York City’s underserved, low-income communities.

1 United Nations General Assembly Seventeenth Session. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Frank La Rue. Human Rights Council. 2011.


http://www.nyc.gov/html/doitt/html/open/broadband.shtml

http://nycwireless.net/

http://ddpusa.org/

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APPENDIX VII: DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

1. Zoning Bulk Modifications Recommended

Current zoning under an R6 Residential zoning district would allow for 297,130 SF of residential development on the lot as long as the community facility remaining does not exceed 122,276 SF. Increasing the zoning to R7-1 as recommended would increase residential development potential to 420,629 SF.

The total permitted square footage under an R7-1 zoning district for a mixed community facility/ residential project is 542,904 SF (Residential Max of 420,629 SF + Community Facility Max of 122,276 SF). In order to maximize residential development, the section of the Armory that would remain must not exceed 122,275 SF (the maximum FAR for a community facility under R6 or R7 zoning, in a mixed use development). Currently, the Armory is 139,426 SF – more than 15,000 SF above the limit. With demolition of the parking facility (30,578 SF) to accommodate the new construction, combined with the fact that the basement section of the Armory (15,047 SF) is at least 75% below curb level and therefore exempt from inclusion in the floor area calculation, the Community Facility aspect of the redevelopment would only be 93,801 SF. This is below the 122,276 SF limitation, thus allowing the full 420,629 SF of residential development potential. Assuming an average unit size of 1,000 SF, this development could contain over 400 units. In order keep the drill hall and head house during redevelopment, it is recommended to pursue the Large-Scale General Development special permit zoning tool (NYC Zoning Code section 74-74) to allow for bulk modifications. 2. Parking

The proposed R7 zoning would require a 60% parking requirement for all residential units created. Based off of an average unit size of 1,000 SF, the total square footage required for parking would be approximately 80,761 SF, or 2.5 floors. To make the construction of the parking more economical, the number of spaces could be reduced by rezoning to R7-2, where the requirement for parking is only 50% of units. Another option to maximize residential development rights would be to place the parking

Armory Square Footage

Area Area (SF)

Current Built Square Footage 139,426

Demolition (parking facility) -30,578

Basement (not included in FAR) -15,047

Future Built Square Footage 93,801


underground and on the ground floor, where parking is exempt from floor area calculations. Finally, a developer could avoid the high costs associated with sub-cellar structures by pursuing a special permit that would allow parking on the 2nd floor to be exempt from floor area calculations. Keeping the parking above ground will reduce development costs as sub-cellar construction is expensive, but it will affect floor area calculations and therefore overall residential development rights above. Please see below for a detailed analysis of the development potential.

* Exceed limitation according to flexibility provided by Special Permit. ** Recommend matching street wall height of existing buildings. Special Permit needed. *** Consider reducing according to flexibility provided by Special Permit. **** Waive limitation in order to permit taller height nearer to the street line according to flexibility provided by Special Permit. ° Total buildable lot will be based on accommodating height-factor and light and air regulations.

Build Out Calculations R6 R7-1

Permitted Permitted Proposed

Note

FAR A. Community Facility Alone 4.80 4.80 NA FAR

B. Residential Max 2.43 3.44 3.44 FAR

C. Community Facility limit to allow for Residential 1.00 1.00 0.77 FAR

D. Mixed Residential/ Community Facility 3.43 4.44 4.21 FAR

Regulations Open space ratio 19% 24% * % of total lot covered by

building in excess of 23 ft Parking Required 70% 60% 60% % of total units

Permitted Street Wall Height 60 60 ** Feet

Required Narrow Street Setback 20 20 *** Feet

Required Narrow Street Sky Exposure Plane 2.7 to 1 2.7 to 1 **** Vertical to horizontal slope

ratio

Current Lot Size Lot Size 122,276 122,276 122,276 SF

Square Feet Allowed A. Community Facility Alone 586,924 586,924 NA SF B. Residential Max Allowed 297,130 420,629 420,629 SF

C. Community Facility limit to allow for Residential 122,276 122,276 93,801 SF

D. Mixed Residential/ Community Facility 419,406 542,904 514,430 SF

Buildable Lot Parking Facility Structure Lot Size 30,578 30,578 30,578 SF

- Open Space (99,896) (127,762) * SF (see above for % ratio)

Total Buildable Lot (69,318) (97,184) ° SF


Bedford & Union Armory Feedback Form In 2012 the Brooklyn Borough President initiated a study lead by a team of Urban Planning Students from NYU Wagner's School of Public Service to develop a plan to return the Bedford Union Armory to the Crown Heights and Brooklyn Community. Please use this form to contribute your ideas to the revitalization strategy of the Bedford & Union Armory in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, NY. What do you think is important to consider as we prioritize developments to the armory? (ex: jobs created, services provided, free vs. pay features) Please be as specific as you like. What would you like to see included in a revitalized Bedford & Union Armory? (ex: businesses, social services, recreational facilities) If you provided more than one suggestion, which is most important to you and why? What, if anything, would you not like to see included in a revitalized armory?

I would like to join in efforts to plan for the Armory’s future (ex: task forces, public events). Name: _____________________________ Address: ________________________________ Phone Number: ______________________ Email: __________________________________ Optional: Do you live in the neighborhood? Y N

If so, approximately how many blocks are you from the Armory? #_____

THANK YOU! Always feel free to write us if you have additional thoughts at: [email protected]

and follow us on facebook at: www.facebook.com/bkarmoryproject

APPENDIX VIII: COMMUNITY FEEDBACK FORM


Bedford Union Armory Report Final

Documents

Transcript of Bedford Union Armory Report Final