Bed Bugs Are Back - Contra Costa Countycchealth.org/homeless/pdf/bedbugs_presentation.pdf · •...
Transcript of Bed Bugs Are Back - Contra Costa Countycchealth.org/homeless/pdf/bedbugs_presentation.pdf · •...
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Bed Bugs Are Back!
Tanya Drlik, IPM Coordinator Contra Costa County
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1700s: Colonists bring bed bugs to Americas 1800s: Rich & poor alike are plagued Early 1900s: 1/3 of all residences infested in some cities; in low income areas nearly all have been infested at some point 1970s: Practically eliminated in Western cities 1990s: Worldwide resurgence
A Little History
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Why the resurgence?
One reason is that we’ve changed the way we control pests in homes.
– We more often use baits instead of sprays. • Baits are safer, but regular baseboard spraying
may have kept bed bugs in check.
– Bed bugs are now resistant to many of our insecticides.
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Global travel has increased tremendously and bed bugs were never eliminated in
many parts of the world.
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Urban living increases the likelihood and speed of spread.
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We have too much stuff!
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Impact on workplaces and public spaces is growing
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Impacts can be severe: Stress and Insomnia
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Desperation leads to DIY.
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The Myths of Bed Bugs,
Cleanliness and Poverty
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Bed bugs are a pest of exposure.
Anyone can get them!
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No correlation between cleanliness and bed bugs
But…
• Clutter provides huge amounts of harborage
• Clutter makes it hard to inspect for bed bugs
• Clutter and filth make it very hard to treat for
bed bugs
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Poverty doesn’t cause bed
bug infestations But…
Low income households are most
likely to face serious infestations
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This affects the spread of bed bugs because
• Low income households can’t afford treatment • May be afraid to tell landlord • May not know they have bed bugs
– Elderly, mentally ill, disabled • Most landlords lack knowledge and unwittingly
contribute to spread • Fear, ignorance, lack of funds = severe infestations
• Severe infestations = greater likelihood of spread
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Medical, Social & Emotional Effects of Bed Bugs on
Society
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Bed Bug Bites
Feed on blood with piercing/sucking mouthparts
Both adults and nymphs feed on blood.
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Bed Bug Bites • Bite is similar to a mosquito bite • Allergic reaction to injected saliva
– Reaction varies – Many people do not react at all
• No one can identify a bed bug bite from looking at it.
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Bed Bug Bites
• Most common on exposed skin
• Potential for secondary infection from
scratching
• Mainly feed at night, but will feed in the
day
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Currently, there is no evidence that bed bugs vector disease.
But they can cause…
• Severe psychological stress
• Economic stress
• Insomnia that impacts workers
• Dangerous exposure to pesticides from self
treatment
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Psychological Stress • Sleep deprivation
• Anxiety about going to bed
• Paranoia about tiny specks
• Hypersensitivity to itching
• Sense of shame, and fear of reporting
• Isolation—fear of travel and socializing
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Financial Stress for Homeless Care Provider
• Monitoring & cleaning consume staff time
• Treatment is very expensive & disruptive
• Furniture may have to be replaced
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Bed Bugs Can Compound Other Stressors Homeless
Individuals Face
–Transportation –Food –Housing –Health needs
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Bed Bug Biology
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Cimex lectularius Common Human Bed Bug
• Feeds primarily on humans but will attack chickens, bats, rabbits and other mammals
• Worldwide distribution
• Ancestor probably a bat parasite that utilized cave dwelling humans
• Earliest record c.1350 BC in Egypt
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Bed Bug Nymphs Nymph emerging from an egg capsule
Nymphs beside the head of a pin
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Nymphs Feeding
A nymph becoming engorged with blood.
A fully engorged nymph.
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Adult bed bugs next to a dime
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• No wings—cannot fly • Cannot jump • Can walk very quickly • When sense danger: freeze and drop to floor
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• Adults can survive 3 to 5 months without feeding
• Bedbugs hide in confined spaces often with many
other bedbugs
• Usually nocturnal
• Can travel long distances for a blood meal but
usually found near host
• Heat is immediately lethal at 118oF for adults
(122oF for eggs)
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Behaviors that Make Bed Bugs Hard to Control
• Small and hard to find • Hide in cracks and crevices; inside walls • Easily move through walls to adjoining rooms • Easy to accidentally transport • Can live long periods without feeding • Eggs are very small and glued to surfaces
(also resistant to pesticides)
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Bed Bug Signs
Staining and live adults on sheets.
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Bed Bug Signs
Fecal Stains on wall
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Bed Bug Signs
Fecal stains on bed frame
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Cast skins, fecal spots, empty egg cases
Eggs
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Bed Bug Signs
• Live Bugs
• Cast skins and/or eggs
• Stains on bedding, furniture or walls
• Bites
• At high population levels: sickly sweet odor
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BED BUG PREVENTION and CONTROL
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Prevention First
• Follow County bed bug management
procedures
• Engage clients to help w/the problem
• Seal cracks and crevices
• Beware of used furniture & clothing!
• Don’t bring in items found on the street
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Most Important for Prevention:
• Follow & enforce bed bug mgmt. procedures (cchealth.org/services/homeless)
• Inspect daily (a small infestation is much easier to control)
• Be vigilant!
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Don’t take bed bugs home!
• Wear white coveralls or light-colored clothing when doing bed bug work
• Inspect yourself and your belongings if you suspect you’ve been near bed bugs
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Components of Successful Control for Shelters
• Using the County’s management
procedures (cchealth.org/services/homeless)
• Thorough inspection/continual monitoring
• Cleaning and clutter control
• Continued monitoring
AND… did I mention Monitoring?
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Inspection and Monitoring
• Necessarily painstaking
• Time consuming
• Difficult to be 100% sure either way with a small infestation
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But, without an inspection
you DEFINITELY CANNOT
be sure of anything.
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Inspecting for Bed Bugs
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Canine Assisted Inspections
Detection by scent
Can be very effective
Is much faster than human
inspection
Has its shortcomings
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Problems with Canine Inspection
• Poor training of dog or handler Caveat emptor! – Dogs unable to distinguish old from current
infestations – Cross training that makes alerts unclear – Handlers lacking knowledge of bed bugs
• Handler failing to visually confirm alert • Air currents moving scent around
Dog alerting its handler to a possible find
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Physical Controls • Targeted vacuuming
• Clutter Control
• Heat treatments
• Mattress encasement
• Traps
• Soapy water for drowning
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Targeted Vacuuming Great for quickly reducing large populations
– Cannot eliminate an infestation – Bed bugs cling tightly to rough surfaces – Eggs are extremely difficult to dislodge – Vacuums can become infested & spread bugs – Use soapy water in bottom of shop vac to drown bugs
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Clutter Control • Clutter makes it so hard to inspect • Makes it so much harder to treat
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“Dry” Steam Treatments • Will kill all stages, including eggs • Need a commercial machine with low
vapor flow and high temperature • Surface being treated should measure
160º F to 180º F • Applicator must be diligent and meticulous
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Problems with Steam • No residual control, and slow process
• Only kills bed bugs directly impacted by steam
• Can moisten articles enough to cause mold
• Can raise humidity in room and cause mold
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Heat “Fumigation” • Can treat whole room, apartment unit, house • Some mobile units available
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Heat “Fumigation” A heat chamber works really well.
This “hot box” is made from sheets of rigid insulation taped together. A fan and an oil heater are placed inside along with an indoor/outdoor thermometer.
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Clothes Dryer • Extremely effective • 30 minutes on ‘high’ heat • Can put all kinds of things into a dryer, as
long as they go in dry – Shoes – Wool suits, sweaters – Backpacks – Stuffed animals
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Metal Beds • Metal beds will not prevent bed bugs but,
– They can be easier to clean and – Provide very few hiding places
• Beds should NOT be tubular. (1000’s of bugs can hide in the tubes.)
• Beds should be welded rather than held together with bolts or screws. (Bed bugs will hide in screws and bolts.)
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Mattress Encasements
• Can’t prevent bed bugs
• But do keep bed bugs out of the mattress
• Make the mattress easier to inspect and clean
This mattress is fully enclosed in vinyl.
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Passive Traps/Monitoring Devices
ClimpUp® Insect Interceptor
•ClimpUp® Interceptors are inexpensive.
•They can work under or beside furniture.
•Interceptors can protect beds.
•Interceptors can provide an early warning system.
They can be used to detect low level infestations
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ClimbUps WON’T protect the bed here.
Properly deployed ClimbUps—nothing is touching floor or walls
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Soapy Water • Bed bugs caught with the fingers can be
placed in soapy water to drown • Soapy water in a spray bottle can be used to
slow down a bed bug so it can be picked up
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Cleaning Solution
• You can use your regular cleaning solution to wipe down beds and mattresses
• Don’t use alcohol--too flammable!
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Insecticides
• No insecticides work very well on bed bugs.
• Insecticides should be one component of many in a professional treatment program.
• Employees should not use insecticides.
• If it gets out of control, call a professional.
• Encourage residents to alert you immediately: a small infestation is much easier to combat.
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Don’t throw everything away!
• Most furniture can be inspected and treated. • If you throw anything away that is infested,
destroy it or mark it as infested.
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Supplies and Equipment • Small packages of laundry detergent • A good vacuum cleaner with a disposable bag
(or a shop vacuum) • Commercial steam machine (Steamax®-STM-
BASIC) • Coveralls and latex gloves • Clean solution in spray bottle
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What you can do:
• Educate yourself.
• Use the County’s Bed Bug Management Procedures: cchealth.org/services/homeless
• Be vigilant!
• Encourage clients to report sightings.
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You can contact me for
• Reporting infestations
• Bed bug questions
Tanya Drlik Integrated Pest Management Coordinator