Becoming Familiar With Options Becoming Familiar With Options Objectives: Define options Understand...

Becoming Familiar With Options

Becoming Familiar With Options Objectives:

Define optionsUnderstand puts and callsDefine strike price and premiums and understand how options are tradedDescribe intrinsic value and time valueUnderstanding how options are tradedUnderstand various option strategies and how they can be utilized for hedging crops or livestock

Objective 1

Define Options

Objective 1: Define Options

Is like purchasing an insurance policyIt protects you from the unexpected market rise or drop You are charged a premium for the serviceYou are only financially liable for the premium and not margin calls unless the option is exercised in which it becomes a futures contract and all the rules for futures appliesAn option is not necessarily the most profitable method of price protection; however, it does expose you to the least amount of risk.

Objective 2

Understand Puts and Calls

Objective 2: Understanding Puts and Calls

Puts Gives you the right but not the obligation to sell futures contractP is close to S so it means to sell

CallsGives you the right but not the obligation to buy a futures contract

C is close to B so it means to buy

Objective 3

Define Strike Price and Premiums

Objective 3: Define Strike Price

The price at which a holder of an option may exercise itThese are set prices from the broker

Objectives3: Define Premiums

Are traded by open cry in the trading pits

Two componentsIntrinsic Value

Time Value

Objective 3: Define Premiums

Intrinsic ValueIs the amount of money, if any, that could be realized if the option is exercisedAn option is in the money (ITM) if the option has intrinsic valuesIf the strike price is below the current futures priceExample: a soybean call with a $7.00 strike price and the current futures price is $7.50 this call would be ITMExample: a Soybean put and the current futures price is $7.50 then the put would be ITM if the strike price is $8.00An option is out of the money (OTM) if the option has no intrinsic values


o Intrinsic Value (cont.)If the strike price is above the current futures priceExample: A soybean call with a strike price of $7.00 and a futures price of 6.50 the call is OTMExample: a soybean put with a strike price of $7.00 would be OTM if the current futures price is $7.50An option is at the money (ATM) if the there is no intrinsic value and the strike price and future price are equalExample: a soybean call with a $7.00 strike price and the current futures price is $7.00 the call is said to be ATM


Time Value• Time and Volatility primarily make up the time

value component

Four Factors

Actual length of time remaining until expiration

Volatility of the underlying futures price

Whether the option is ITM or OTM

Short term risk free interest rates

Objective 4:

Describe intrinsic value and time value

Objective 4:Intrinsic value

Is the amount of money, if any, that could be realized if the option is exercisedAn option is in the money (ITM) if the option has intrinsic values

o If the strike price is below the current futures price

o Example: a soybean call with a $7.00 strike price and the current futures price is $7.50 this call would be ITM

Objective 4:Intrinsic value (cont)

o Example: a Soybean put and the current futures price is $7.50 then the put would be ITM if the strike price is $8.00An option is out of the money (OTM) if the option has no intrinsic values

o If the strike price is above the current futures price

o Example: A soybean call with a strike price of $7.00 and a futures price of 6.50 the call is OTM

Objective 4:Intrinsic value (cont)

o Example: a soybean put with a strike price of $7.00 would be OTM if the current futures price is $7.50An option is at the money (ATM) if the there is no intrinsic value and the strike price and future price are equal

o Example: a soybean call with a $7.00 strike price and the current futures price is $7.00 the call is said to be ATM

Objective 4: Time Value

Time and Volatility primarily make up the time value componentFour Factors

Actual length of time remaining until expirationVolatility of the underlying futures priceWhether the option is ITM or OTMShort term risk free interest rates

Objective 5:

Understanding how options are traded

Objective 5: Understanding how options are traded

Gives you the option but not the obligation to deliver, take delivery or let it expire(offset)

With an option you pay a premium to have the option to deliver or take delivery if you chose to exercise it or you can let it expire and just pay the premium.

Think, Pair, Share

Objective 6:

Understand various option strategies and how they can be utilized for hedging crops or livestock

Objective 6: Various option strategies and how they can be utilized for hedging crops or livestock

Farmer Jim has a target price of $3.00 for his upcoming wheat crop. Options are more appealing to Jim because he knows the cost of the price protection in the beginning and will not have to worry about margin calls. When determining an expected price from using options to hedge, it is exactly the same as when doing it for futures except we also include the premium. So the expected price or minimum floor price for a put would be found by option strike price – premium +/- basis.


For example, if Jim is looking at a put with a strike of $3.50 and option premium of of 20 cents and he expects the basis to be 30 cents under, his floor price on the option would be the following:

Option Strike Price $3.50- Premium $0.20- Basis $0.30= Minimum Floor Price $3.00

Jim knows, therefore, that in order to reach his target price of $3.00 on his wheat, he will have to probably look at a put strike price of $3.50 or higher.


Today’s date is May 1st and the following option strike prices and premiums are available for August KCBOT HRW wheat contract:

Strike Price Premium Basis Min. Floor Price

$4.00 $0.80 -$0.30 2.90

$3.80 $0.65 -$0.30 $2.85

$3.50 $0.20 -$0.30 $3.00

$3.20 $0.10 -$0.30 $2.80

Objective 6: Various option strategies and how the can be utilized for hedging crops or livestock

Jim chooses the $3.50 strike price at a premium of $0.20. This option will cost $1000 in total for 5000 bu wheat contractANY QUESTOINS??


Jim has 3 alternatives with his option:

Let it expire if the current market price is below his strike priceSell a put option equal to the one he currently holds and collect the premium Exercise the option into the underlying futures contract


On July 10th Jim is ready to sell his wheat crop. The August KCBOT HRW wheat contract is now currently trading at $3.30. We’ll assume the basis is exactly as he expected of 30 cents under, so the cash price for wheat is currently $3.00


The following are the options and their premiums available

Strike Price Premium

$3.50 $0.15

$3.30 $0.02

$3.00 $0.01


Note the change is premium since May. We know there are two parts to the premium: time value and intrinsic value and the time value is comprised heavily on actual time until expiration and volatility. The time value was much greater in May because of the length of time until August. Now since we are nearing expiration, the time value is little and volatility makes up the balance


Jim decides to exercise his $3.50 option. Jim calls his broker and tells him his intentions of exercising his option into a futures contract. After the option is exercised, Jim then immediately buys back the futures contract at $3.30. This nets Jim a gain on his option of 20 cents, but the Option costs him 20 cents premium.


Jim sells cash wheat @ $3.00Gain on Option $0.20Minus the Option Premium$0.20Net Price Received $3.00

This is a Perfect Hedge

ANY QUESTIONS

Stand up an turn around three times if you understand.

Then sit back down in your chair.

Becoming Familiar With Options Becoming Familiar With Options Objectives: Define options Understand...

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