Beach Road, Porous Pavement and Then Some

Beach Road – Warren County, Lake George, NY

Integrating Green Infrastructure and Heavy Duty Porous Pavement ….and Then Some

NYS County Highway Superintendents Association 2013 Winter Conference &

Trade Show

January 23, 2013

…Background

Multi-lane, 1-mile long Collector Road

Southern end of Lake George

Multi-Modal

…Background

Funded for full-depth Reconstruction

Federal, State and Local Funds

Improvements in Drainage and Subbase, Mobility

No Environmental Objectives in Original Scope

…Background

Roadway drains directly to the lake

Impaired Water – Chlorides, Road Pollutants

Silt & Sediment from Urban Runoff & Erosion

Constraints

• Little to no opportunity to obtain ROW

• Virtually flat roadway

• Elevation 4’ above Lake Level

• High Water Table

• Curbed Section

…Proposed

Maintain Existing X-Section

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Plan_of_Fort_William_Henry_on_Lake_George.jpg

Delta Formation – English Brook – Lake George

Sediment

ROADWAY POLLUTANTS

Photo credit: Jeremy Walker, Science Photo Library

Pollutants and Sources of Highway Runoff

Pollutant Source

Particulates Pavement wear, vehicles, atmospheric deposition, maintenance activities.

Nitrogen, Phosphorus Atmospheric deposition and fertilizer application.

Lead Tire wear.

Zinc Tire wear, motor oil, and grease.

Iron Auto body rust, steel highway structures such as bridges and guardrails, and moving engine parts.

Copper Metal plating, bearing and brush wear, moving engine parts, brake lining wear, fungicides and insecticides.

Cadmium Tire wear and insecticide application.

Chromium Metal plating, moving engine parts, and brake lining wear.

Nickel Diesel fuel and gasoline, lubricating oil, metal plating, bushing wear, brake lining wear, and asphalt paving.

Manganese Moving engine parts.

Cyanide Anti-caking compounds used to keep deicing salts granular.

Sodium, Calcium, Chloride

Deicing salts.

Sulphates Roadway beds, fuel, and deicing salts.

Petroleum Spills, leaks, antifreeze and hydraulic fluids, and asphalt surface leachate.

Trash/Litter Items discarded or fallen out of moving vehicles found alongside roadways (e.g., paper/plastic cups, food containers, etc.)

Source: Stormwater Management Planning Guide for Transportation Projects, NYSDEC, 2005

Targeted Pollutants and Their Sources

Automobile By-Products Chlorides – Salt

Targeted Pollutants and Their Sources

Automobile By-Products

Chlorides - Salt

Sediment

Three Segments of the Corridor

West End

East End

Ponds – No Swales – No Sheet Flow - No Sand Filters – No Rain Gardens – No Green Roofs – No Stormwater Planters – No Infiltration – Yes Proprietary Structures – Yes

NYSDEC

Porous Pavements

• Parking areas, access roads, walkways, driveways, cul-de-sacs, urban and suburban roads, etc.

Porous PCC Porous HMA

Porous Pavements

• Parking areas, access roads, walkways, driveways, cul-de-sacs, urban and suburban roads, etc.

Porous Pavers

If We Can …Where Can We Install

Porous Pavement?

East End

Sediment Formed Delta

NYSDEC Forest Preserve

Off-Site Sand and

Salt

East End Profile

12.75%

5.75%

East End

Sediment Formed Delta

NYSDEC Forest Preserve

Off-Site Sand and

Salt

SWTS

Downstream Defender

Downstream Defender 10 ft. Diameter Proprietary Structure – 25 CFS Capacity, 8.5 CY Sediment Storage

– NYSDEC – Says Need 80% TSS Removal & NJDEP Approval – However,…NJDEP Tests at 50% TSS Removal Approved DD => 7 CFS…….(10’ Unit) (8’ unit = 4.4 CFS) – No NJDEP Tests at 80% – WQv Treatment (0.22 ac-ft) for contributing Area = WQv Flow Rate of 4.0 CFS

--->…At 7.0 CFS we have 50% TSS Removal, Then at 4.0 CFS we must have more

Manufacturers Spec’s claim 95% TSS Removal @ 4.0 CFS.

Test Results from NJDEP Testing rated the DD at 70% Removal Efficiency using the following Equation where Q=gpm, D= feet.

Q=502 (D/4) ^2.5 = 11 CFS at 70% TSS Removal

NYSDOT Specifications – ITEM 604.5102nn15 (Serialized by Max Flow Rate)

• 80% TSS Removal for WQv Storm • Pass the Design Year Storm = 10 Year, 24-hour => 13.7 CFS (100 yr = 19.6 CFS) • Use 10’ Diameter Unit = 25 CFS Capacity, Sediment Storage • Manufacturers Specs – 50% TSS Removal at 25 CFS

80% TSS Removal Rate at 15 CFS

Stormwater Treatment Structures

West End

East End

West End

NYSDEC East End

West Brook

West Brook Sediment Formed

Delta

Stream Day-lighting & Sediment Removal

Existing Culvert 225’ Feet Long

West Brook

Proposed Culverts 2 x 70’ Feet Long

Low Flow (90%) Channel High Flow Channel

West Brook

January 14, 2013

West Brook

Looking West

West End - Porous Pavement

West End

NYSDEC

East End

Porous Asphalt Pavement

“The Year of Porous Asphalt: Salem, Oregon Proves Trend -- Water-absorbing Pavement is Vogue in 2012” LANHAM, Md., Oct. 15, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire

“Water Absorbing Porous Asphalt Pavement Use Increases in 2012” – Too many to list

“Pavement That Actually Drinks Water? “ | YNN

“It was all absorbed into the pavement “

• Groundwater recharge augmentation

• Runoff Reduction

• Effective pollutant treatment for solids, metals, nutrients, and hydrocarbons

• Safety Improvements – Glare, Road Spray

• Reduced Hydroplaning – Friction when wet

• Reduced de-icing Materials – Reduced Black Ice

• Less Susceptible to Frost – No Capillary Action

• Noise Reduction

• Little to No Closed Drainage System Needed


• Typically Parking areas, Low Volume, Low Speed Roads, Driveways

Porous Asphalt Pavement US EPA


Similar to Open Graded Asphalt Courses used by NYSDOT (10FX) -

Not Successful However, It was not a Porous

Asphalt SYSTEM

University of New Hampshire Model

Choker Course: 4”-8” (10 – 20 cm) minimum thickness of ¾” crushed stone

Pervious pavement: 4-6” (10 - 15 cm) of porous asphalt

Filter Course: 8” - 12” (20 - 30 cm) minimum thickness of subbase (aka. bank run gravel or modified 304.1)

Native materials

Filter Blanket: intermediate setting bed: 3” (8 cm) thickness of 3/8” (1 cm) pea gravel

Reservoir Course: 4” (10 cm) minimum thickness of 3/4” (2 cm) crushed stone for frost protection, 4-6” (10-15 cm) diameter perforated subdrains with 2” cover

Optional-Liner for land uses where infiltration is undesirable (e.g., hazardous materials handling, sole-source aquifer protection)

Research: Maine Pilot Project

• 4-lane arterial in South Portland

• Installed in Fall of 2009 – ARRA Funded

• 20,100 Design AADT, 5% Heavy Trucks (3.0 M ESALS

• Highly developed retail and commercial corridor

• No signs of rutting or deterioration In July, 2012

• Custom mix designed for test section, NAPA, UNH

• Warmer Temperatures than Lake George (5-100 F )

December 2010 – Porous Asphalt Feasibility Study – Warren County, Lake George Association (LGA), County Soil and Water Conservation

Porous Asphalt Pavements

Maine Mall Road (Portland, Maine) Photo Credit: Maine DOT

Maine Mall Road (Portland, Maine) Photo Credit: Maine DOT

New Heavier Duty Applications

Maine Mall Road – Portland Maine

850’ feet Long

60,000 SF of Porous Asphalt

Photo Credit: Maine DOT

The Maine DOT Section

9” Asphalt, 15” Reservoir Course, Variable Sand Layer

60,000 SF of Porous Asphalt

Beach Road Design Considerations • Infiltration Tests – 3”/ hr and up

• Design Traffic Loading 1.05 M ESALS - 8600 AADT, 5% Trucks

• Heavy Duty Pavement System

• Sand Layer – (in UNH and Maine design) May Not Be Feasible

• Frost Penetration With high Water Table and Lake

• Constructability Requirements – Economic Impact to Area

• Targeted Primary Pollutants

• Lake Backflow – Irene and Lee

• Contamination from offsite – Irene and Lee

• Extreme Storm Planning – Irene and Lee

• Redundant Drainage System – FHWA Funded, GIGP Grant

• Parts of Existing Drainage System permanently underwater

Consensus Building

• WORK CLOSELY WITH Owner and Agencies • Warren County and Warren County Board of Town Supervisors

– Lake George Association, Warren County Soil and Water Conservation District, NYSDEC,

– EFC – GIGP, EPA - $415,000 from GIGP Grant

• FHWA involved at the onset – Experimental status, Requested testing and monitoring – Should project not function as intended, repairs will be reimbursed

(prorated) by FHWA during time frame of 8 yrs.

• NYSDOT (Region 1 & Main Office) involved at the onset – Work w/B&L to develop testing and monitoring protocols

• KEY PLAYERS AND STAKEHOLDERS Involved EARLY ON

Design Criteria

• AADT – 8,600

• 5% Trucks

• 30 MPH Speed Limit

• DHV = 800

• Roadway Grade < 5%

• Minimize Traffic Control Devices and abrupt Speed Changes

Beach Road System

Beach Road Section

Beach Road System Safeguards

• Frost Penetration Requirements (FAA Design) Thicker Section

• Minimize contamination from offsite

• Accelerated Ground Stabilization – Sod, High Performance Blankets

• No intermediate Sand Layer

• Flanking Drainage Structures – Irene and Lee

• Regular Vacuuming

• Education – Public and Municipal

• Upgrade or Improve Other Nearby Systems – West Brook

No Sand Layer


VACUUM



Power Wash


Clogging Layer Lost Storage Capacity


Power Wash


Slower Infiltration Maintain Adequate Storage Capacity

Beach Road System Safeguards Offsite Contamination Protection

Flanking Structures


Flanking Structures

72” Existing Pipe

Stormwater Treatment System

Specifications

2.36 mm Typical Top Course - 16% Can pass the #8 Sieve

Typical Top Course - 100% Can pass the ½” Sieve

Beach Road Testing Protocol


Oxidation of the Binder Hydraulic Scouring /Stripping Improperly Stored or Overheated Binder

Choker Course

No Choker Course

Demonstration

Sample Cores

BASE or Binder Course

BASE COURSE

Top Course TOP COURSE

Demonstration

Water Quality

• Redevelopment Project with reduction in impervious

– From 94% impervious to 50% impervious

– WQv treatment and Water Quantity not actually required Since Greater than 25% reduction in Impervious

• Installing 3 Proprietary SWTS to treat runoff

• Biological activity within the asphalt layers – 98%

“Oil bio-degradation in permeable pavements by microbial

Communities” , A.P. Newman, C.J. Pratt, S.J. Coupe and

N. Cresswell

Water Quality

• Reduced Chlorides by Using Less UNHSC concludes that de-icing materials can be reduced by approximately 50%

• Metal Removal - Zinc, Lead, Copper, Cadmium

• Suspended Solids - Typically Sand, Metals Attached

• Digestion of Hydrocarbons by Aerobic Bacteria Oil bio-degradation in permeable pavements by microbial

Communities” , A.P. Newman, C.J. Pratt, S.J. Coupe and N. Cresswell

Franklin Institute

PDH Questions

• Of the following Roadway Grades, which would be considered acceptable for Porous Pavement Applications?

– 10%

– 2%

– 0%

– 0.5%

PDH Questions

• A Porous Asphalt roadway system Should NOT be described as:

– A Green Infrastructure practice

– An Infiltration Practice

– An Absorbent Roadway

– Part of a Recharge System

– All of the Above

PDH Questions

• A Porous Asphalt roadway system may not be advisable when:

– It is Adjacent to a “Brownfield” or contaminated soil site

– Operating Speeds are over 45 mph

– Proposed for use at a fueling station

– Installed along an Ocean Frontage Road

– All of the Above

PDH Questions

• True or False

– Quality Control throughout the project construction is of Paramount Importance?

PDH Questions

• At what ambient air temperature range is it recommended to place and finish Porous Asphalt?

– 75 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit


– 867 5309 degrees Kelvin

– 98.6 degrees Celsius


PDH Questions

• Applying a Choker Course Can help you accomplish which of the following:

– Get Arrested

– Win the WWF Wrestling Championship

– Keep your dog from biting your neighbor

– Stabilize the larger stone course or courses

Maintenance

Expect Continued Improvements in Maintenance Options and

Equipment

• Design Offsite Protection Systems into your project

• Maintain Vegetated Areas

• Vacuum 2 - 3 X / Year

• Slope Vegetated Areas Away from Roadway

• Use Sod to Establish Turf

• Education – Public and Municipal

• Deep Clean Promptly if Accident Occurs

Maintenance

Why is the Beach Road Project Significant ?

Higher Traffic and Traffic Loading Applications

Standardized Specifications – NYSDOT

Standardizes Protocols and Quality Control

Opens up the Practice to Thousands of miles of Roadways & where HD Pavement is Needed

High Water Table Application Next to a Lake

Thomas Baird, PE, CPESC

Barton & Loguidice

10 Airline Drive Suite 200

Albany, NY 12205 (518) 218-1801

[email protected]

Beach Road, Porous Pavement and Then Some

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