BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

How to plan for Nature?Communication and participation

Testing workshop

Camp Reinsehlen, 25 – 27 January 2012

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Presentation outline

Communication Participation Faciltiation Stakeholder analysis Key points to remember

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Communication – the basics

Why do we communicate? What happens when we communicate and what not? Types of communication

– Instrumental– Interactive

Organizational communication– External– Internal

Means of communication

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Communicating Nature Conservation

Why do people communicate? Communication is essential in life Communicate even if unaware of it Individuals and groups need to communicate for basic

life needs and to express identity Communication enables relationships between people

and therefore for society to function Groups communicate to maintain identity and to develop

knowledge within group

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Traditional communication model

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Instrumental communication

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Communicating Nature Conservation

What is Communication?

Oxford English Dictionary: “The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing or behaviour.”

The meaning is wide ranging can include discussion, a newspaper article, a letter, observing a red traffic light, body language, etc.

Wikipedia defines:

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Communication as an interactive process

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Participation

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Communicating Nature Conservation

Facilitation is“Helping others to have a discussion or reacha conclusion or consensus by:

– Creating the right ambience– Setting the right ground rules– Encouraging constructive behaviour– Discouraging destructive behaviour– Ensuring that everyone has their say– Not disrupting the flow of discussion and ideas (even if

you disagree!)– Steering the direction of discussion – not directing”

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Stakeholder participation

Who are the stakeholders? Why to involve stakeholders in BES planning? Stakeholder analysis

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Where are we now?

Where would we like to be?

Vision

Plans

Where have we come from?

Past Present Future

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

A stakeholder.. Who are directly involved in the project and who need

to carry out the practical decisions and actions in terms of planning, design and actual implementation in terms of protection, management, restoration or creation of habitat and associated work with species– Land managers, contractors, conservation NGOs and

volunteers, etc Who are directly affected by the plan or activity and

can influence it but who are not directly involved in the work – Landowners, local residents, hunters, birdwatchers,

recreational users, etc

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local BiodiversityA stakeholder..

Whose permission, approval or (financial) support will be needed– Regional and municipal authorities, local representatives of

ministries, agencies and state institutes, etc Who may participate in implementation via community

mobilisation efforts or by representing a particular segment of society– Environmental organizations, elected officials, chamber of

commerce representatives, neighborhood advisory council members, religious leaders, etc

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

A stakeholder..

Who may not be directly involved but who can influence opinions for or against the plan or activity– Local celebrities, local media, elected officials, business or

trade union leaders, environmental organizations, chamber of commerce representatives, teachers, neighborhood group members, religious leaders, etc

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Why stakeholder involvement?

Ownership Empowerment Sustainability Relevance Impact Effectiveness Efficiency Learning Synergy and collaboration

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Integration of different sectors..

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

TRADITIONAL APPROACH

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

PARTICIPATIVEAPPROACH

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Understanding stakeholders

Stakeholders have:– World views, values, norms,

cultural context– Interests– Power– Conflicts

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Institutions – organisations

Questions:– What are the important government, business

and NGO organisations?– How effectively are these organisations

performing?– How are the different organisations linked

together (power relations, communications, joint work, competitors)

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Participatory Tools and Techniques

Rich pictures Brainstorming Visioning Questionnaires and surveys Cause and effect mapping Historical analysis Locality mapping Focus groups Semi-structured interviewing Flow diagrams

Role plays SWOT analysis Institutional linkages Information tabulation and

graphing Matrix analysis Issue analysis Card technique Nominal group technique Action planning

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Stakeholder analysis

Methods:– Stakeholder maps– Institutional diagram– Secondary data

Questions:– Who are the key stakeholders?– How do different stakeholder groups interact?– What are the power relations between different

groups?

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Why do we need stakeholder analysis?

To empirically discover existing patterns of interactions To mobilise key stakeholders and to build up a common

awareness To target interventions and approaches As a management tool in policy making As a tool to predict and/or manage conflicts

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Important stages in stakeholder analysis

Before the situation analysis starts:– When defining the scope of the policy/project

During the problem identification and analysis:– to mobilise stakeholders & to analyse the stakeholders’

needs and interests, objectives, linkages and interactions, etc.

While designing the project strategy or policy:– to balance conflicting interests and to assure

commitment/participation in implementation

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Key questions in stakeholder analysis

Who are the stakeholders in a system, with regard to a certain project / programme?

What are their interests, views, objectives? How important are they? How are they affected? How do they affect / influence the project /

programme outcomes? What kind of relations? How should stakeholders participate or contribute?

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Conditions for successful stakeholder involvement Clear mandates and legitimacy for the process Engagement of all key stakeholders Incentives for participation Integration with existing institutions and processes Clear scope and boundaries of the content Co-ordination between different scales Effective facilitation and leadership Utilise a diversity of methodologies Establish and monitor performance questions and indicators

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Means of communication

Newsletters Magazines Manuals for employees Programmes for orientation Bulletin boards Meetings Staff day outs Awards

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Communication planning

Anaylse the situation Set targets Decide on action Implement Evaluate

                                                         

BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

Key skills..

Facilitation Moderation Interpersonal Commitment to the success Flexible Openness and transparency Honesty Positive attitude