BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27%...

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BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting)

Transcript of BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27%...

Page 1: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer

FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting)

Page 2: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Un citometro a flusso è essenzialmente costituito di:

•  Sistema fluidico per il trasporto del campione e la sua focalizzazione idrodinamica

•  Sistema ottico •  Circuito di rilevazione •  Elettronica per l’acquisizione, elaborazione e

presentazione dei dati.

Page 3: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Sample

Sheat pressure regulator

waste Sheat fluid

Air pump

Flow chamber

Air filter

Sample pressure regulator

Filter

The fluidic system

Page 4: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Hydrodynamic focusing

High sample flow rate 60µl/min

Laminar Flow

Laminar Flow

Sheath Sheath Sheath Sheath Sample Sample

Low pressure High pressure

Sample core

Low sample flow rate 12µl/min

Page 5: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic
Page 6: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

LIGHT SCATTER

FSC

SSC

Incident light

source

Diffrazione Proporzionale all’area della cellula. Rilevata lungo l’asse della luce incidente 0°.

Rifrazione e Riflessione proporzionale alla granularità cellulare e alla complessità. Rilevate a 90° rispetto la luce incidente

LASER

Page 7: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Discrimination of different cell populations in human blood based on light scattering

Sid

e S

catte

r Forward Scatter

lymphocytes

granulocytes

monocytes

Lysed whole blood

Page 8: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Characterization of unstained cells using light scatter

Page 9: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

The fluorescence phenomenon

E’ il fenomeno per cui una molecola colpita da una radiazione luminosa di definita lunghezza d’onda (λ) ne emette un’altra a λ maggiore e ad energia inferiore.

Page 10: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

FLUOROCROMI

Molecole fluorescenti che assorbono energia dal laser e rilasciano l’energia assorbita per:

-  Vibrazione e dissipazione del calore -  Emissione di fotoni di una lunghezza d’onda più lunga. Sono coniugate a ligandi o anticorpi monoclonali specifici per

molecole biologiche con significato antigenico o recettoriale posizionate sulla membrana cellulare, nel nucleo o nel citosol; altri “colorano” direttamente altre sostanze (DNA, RNA, proteine, ioni citoplasmatici).

Anche le cellule non marcate con alcun fluorocromo presentano una debole fluorescenza di fondo, l’autofluorescenza, misurabile.

Page 11: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Absorption and emission spectra of a fluorochrome (Stokes shift)

Ogni fluorocromo presenta una caratteristica banda di λ per l’eccitazione e per l’emissione

Page 12: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

I fluorocromi attualmente più usati in citofluorimetria sono:

•  FITC •  PE •  Fluorocromi tandem •  APC •  PI (Propidium Iodide) •  PerCP

Ciascun fluorocromo è caratterizzato da una particolare BRILLANTEZZA.

Page 13: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Absorption and emission spectra of different fluorochromes

RPE APC FITC PerCP PI

400 450 500 550 600 650 700

1000

800

600

400

200

0

400 450 500 550 600 650 700

RPE APC FITC PerCP PI

Wavelenght (nm)

Absorption spectra Emission spectra

Page 14: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Tandem fluorochromes

767 650 APC-Cy7 (PharRed)

670 488 PE-Cy5 (Cy-chrome)

695 488 PerCP-Cy5.5

Composti fluorescenti costruiti unendo fra loro molecole con proprietà fotofisiche complementari, atte a sfruttare il principio di trasferimento dell’energia.

Page 15: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

FITC FITC

FITC

FITC

FITC

FITC

FITC

FITC

FITC

FITC

Fluorescence intensity

Num

ber o

f eve

nts

Emitted fluorescence intensity ∝ binding sites

Correlation between number of binding sites and fluorescence intensity

Page 16: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Staining of cells with fluorochrome conjugated antibobies specific for surface antigens

Antigen A

Antigen B

anti-B Antibody

anti-A Antibody

fluorochromes

Page 17: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

washing Incubation

acquisition

Incubation washing

acquisition

Single and three colours staining

Page 18: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Acquisition and

Analysis

Incubation

washing

Second antibody Goat Anti-Mouse Ig FITC

First unconjugated mouse antibody

Incubation

washing

Indirect staining

Page 19: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Optic system of a flow cytometer

FITC

SSC

PE / PI

PerCP 7-AAD PE-Cy5 FSC

Page 20: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

460 500 540 460 500 540 460 500 540

SP 500 LP 500 BP500/50

Longpass Shortpass Bandpass

Optical filters

Page 21: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

FL1

SSC

FL3

FL4

670LP

661/16

585/42

488/10

90/10 Beam Splitter

DM 560SP

Fluorescence Collection Lens

DM 640LP

Half Mirror

488/10

. FSC Diode

Focusing Lens

FL2

530/30

Beam Combiner Flow Cell

Flow Cell

Optic system of a BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer, equipped with two lasers

I segnali di fluorescenza emessi dalla cellula vengono raccolti da lenti poste ortogonalmente al fascio di eccitazione, selezionati con opportuni specchi separatori di fascio, specchi dicroici e filtri ottici e portati ciascuno ad un diverso PMT.

Page 22: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS

Page 23: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Generation of an electrical pulse

Time

Volta

ge

Time

Volta

ge

Time Vo

ltage

Sensori denominati PMT o detectors trasformano i segnali ottici in intensità di corrente elettrica, oltre ad amplificare lo stesso segnale in maniera lineare o logaritmica.

Page 24: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Conversion of electrical pulses in digital values

Time (µSec)

Volts

Pulse area

Puls

e he

ight

pulse

width

40 0

1000

Channels

Analog to digital

converter 0

FSC

SS

C

FL1

FL2

FL3

I segnali provenienti dai PMT sono impulsi analogici, ossia proporzionali in maniera continua alle dimensioni del parametro misurato. Un convertitore “spezzetta” i valori continui rendendoli discreti a seconda del numero di canali a disposizione.

Page 25: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

1000 500 0

Num

ero

di C

ells

510 500 490

Incremento di intensità

Histogram plot

Il diagramma ad istogrammi rappresenta graficamente la misura di un singolo parametro. Gli eventi che si accumulano nei vari canali vanno a costruire un diagramma di distribuzione.

Page 26: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Histogram analysis

La statistica si basa sulla impostazione di cursori che definiscono le aree di interesse calcolando gli eventi che cadono al loro interno.

101 FL-1

even

ts

even

ts

101 FL-1

even

ts

even

ts

Unstained sample Stained sample

marker

Background fluorescence

Antibody + cells

Antibody - cells

Page 27: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

HISTOGRAM

Page 28: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Dot plot

400 800 1000 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0

200

400

600

800

1000

FL1

FL2

840

85

245 638 FL1

FL2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

200 600

Il diagramma di dispersione a punti o dot plot rappresenta la correlazione fra due parametri, in cui ogni punto rappresenta un singolo evento dotato di un particolare valore per ciascuno dei due parametri.

Page 29: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Dot plot analysis

UL

LR LL

UR

CD3 FITC

CD4

PE

UL CD3-/CD4+

UR CD3+/CD4+

LL CD3-/CD4-

LR CD3+/CD4-

Upper Left Single positive

Upper Right Double positive

Low Left Double negative

Low Right Single positive

quadrants

Page 30: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

DOT PLOT

Page 31: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Ficoll

stratification

blood centrifuge

erytrocytes +

granulocytes

Plasma +

platelets

PBMC

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells = PBMC

Ficoll

Isolation of PBMC by ficoll gradient centrifugation

Page 32: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Immunophenotyping technique for determining % of CD4 and CD8 T cells

CD45 PerCp

SSC

CD3 FITC

CD

4 A

PC

CD

8 PE

CD3 FITC

Page 33: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

SPT-specimen processing

Vortex Tube with beads

Acquisition and Analysis

50 µL whole blood (EDTA)

20 µL Antibody mix

450 µL FACS Lysing buffer (1x)

Vortex

15 Minutes @ Room Temperature, dark

15 Minutes @ Room Temperature, dark

Page 34: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

SPT-sample analysis

No. of events in the bright CD45 region

No. of events in the microfluorosphere region

Total no. of microfluorospheres added

Volume of blood added

X = Absolute no. of CD4

Microfluorosphere

CD3 FITC

CD

4 P

E

CD45 PerCP

Granulocytes

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Microfluorosphere

Sid

e S

catte

r

Page 35: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

ELISpot

Antigens

PBMC

MoAbAnti-IFN-γ

PBMC

Antigen

IFN-γ

Enzymatic reaction

Page 36: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Capture anti-cytokine

antibody

CYTOKINE

Detection anti-cytokine antibody

Chromogen Substrate

insoluble coulored product

ELISpot

Enzyme conjugated to the detection antibody

Page 37: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

ELISpot

Page 38: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Simultaneous phenotypic (naive/memory phenotype) and functional (IFN-γ production) characterization of antigen stimulated CD8 T lymphocytes

Naive CD45RA+CCR7+

Memory CD45RA-CCR7+

Pre-Effector CD45RA-CCR7-

Effector CTL CD45RA+CCR7-

CC

R7

CD45RA

CC

R7

CD45RA

IFN

-gam

ma

CD8

R1

R2

IFNγ-positive cells (R1) IFNγ-negative cells (R2)

Page 39: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Forward Scatter

Side

Sca

tter

CD3 APC

CD

8 Pe

rCP

Lymphocytes (R1)

1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 %

Perforin FITC

IFN

-gam

ma

PE

CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2)

Simultaneous phenotypic and functional (IFN-γ production and cytotoxic potential) characterization of antigen stimulated T lymphocytes

Page 40: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Class I MHC Tetramer

Page 41: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Analysis of proliferation by CFSE labelling

Page 42: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

CFSE PHA 1 µg/ml CFSE PHA 0,5 µg/ml

CFSE Not stimulated

No CFSE

Analysis of the proliferation of PHA stimulated CD8 T lymphocytes by CFSE labelling

Page 43: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

CD

4

CFSE (Fluorescence intensity FL1)

Proliferation (cell division)

Not stimulated Stimulated with PHA

Analysis of the proliferation of PHA stimulated CD4 T lymphocytes

Page 44: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

A B

Analisi del ciclo cellulare

Page 45: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Analisi del ciclo cellulare

Page 46: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Analisi dell’apoptosi (Ioduro di Propidio)

Page 47: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Analisi dell’apoptosi (Ioduro di Propidio + Annessina V)

Page 48: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

Analisi dell’apoptosi (Ioduro di Propidio + Annessina V)

Page 49: BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer FACS (Fluorescence ... · Lymphocytes (R1) 1,11% 0,05% 69,27% 29,56 % Perforin FITC IFN-gamma PE CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocytes (R1 and R2) Simultaneous phenotypic

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