BBI2421_7 PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT (1).ppt

7/26/2019 BBI2421_7 PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT (1).ppt

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PARAGRAPHDEVELOPMENTBBI2412 WRITING FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES


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Three parts !

para"raph# Tp$% se&te&%e '$t has a %&tr(($&" $)ea* S+pprt$&" se&te&%es

C&%(+)$&" se&te&%e


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Tp$% Se&te&%e

The ,st $,prta&t se&te&%e $& the para"raph-

It states the tp$% a&) the %&tr(($&" $)ea! thepara"raph-

Three $,prta&t p$&ts t .e re,e,.er a.+t a tp$%

se&te&%e#1-A tp$% se&te&%e $s a %,p(ete se&te&%e

2-It %&tr(s r "+$)es the /h(e para"raph- Whe& 0+rea) the tp$% se&te&%e 0+ &/ /hat t e3pe%t $& apara"raph-

-Tp$% se&te&%e %&ta$&s tp$% a&) %&tr(($&" $)ea-4-The ,st "e&era( state,e&t $& the para"raph .e%a+se

$t "$5es &(0 the ,a$& $)ea-

6-A ") tp$% se&te&%e $s &t t "e&era( &r tspe%$7%-


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Tp$% Se&te&%e

A ") tp$% se&te&%e $s &t t "e&era( &rt spe%$7%-

E-"-

Tea $s )e($%$+s 8 TOO GENERAL Gree& tea has ,a&0 hea(th .e&e7ts 8 GOOD

tp$% se&te&%e-

B0 the th$r) %e&t+r0 AD ,a&0 str$es /ere

.e$&" t() a&) s,e /r$tte& a.+t tea a&) the.e&e7ts ! tea )r$&$&" .+t $t /as &t +&t$(the Ta&" D0&ast0 '91: AD ; s &at$&a( )r$& a&) the /r)ch'a/as +se) t )es%r$.e tea- 8 TOO SPECIFIC


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C&tr(($&" $)ea

A ") tp$% se&te&%e has %&tr(($&" $)eas8/r)s r phrases that he(p "+$)e the ?/ ! $)eas$& the para"raph-

C&tr(($&" $)ea ($,$ts the tp$% t a spe%$7% area

t .e )$s%+sse) $& the spa%e ! a s$&"(e para"raph E3a,p(e#

Deceptive advertising can cost consumers boththeir money and their time.


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C&tr(($&" $)ea

C&5e&$e&%e !)s are eas0 t prepare-

Ma($ $s pp+(ar )+e t se5era( reas&s-

A +&$5ers$t0 e)+%at$& he(ps $& %areera)5a&%e,e&t-


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C&tr(($&" $)ea

The .est seas& !r $)s $s /$&ter

; the rea)er e3pe%ts the para"raph t "$5ereas&s a&) e3a,p(es /h0 /$&ter $s the .estseas& !r %h$()re&-

Ft.a(( $s pp+(ar !r ,a&0 reas&s-

;the rea)ers e3pe%ts the para"raph t "$5e a5ar$et0 ! $&!r,at$& a.+t !t.a(( a&) /h0 $t $s

pp+(ar ar+&) the /r()-


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S+pprt$&"

Se&te&%e@P$&t S+pprt$&" se&te&%es are the !a%ts a&) $)eas thate3p(a$& r pr5e the tp$% se&te&%e r the ,a$&$)ea-

It prese&ts )eta$(s !a%ts e3a,p(es +tes a&)ar"+,e&ts that s+pprt the ,a$& $)ea-

I& ea%h s+pprt$&" se&te&%e@p$&t there are)eta$(s that s+pprt the se&te&%e-


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Tp$% Se&te&%e# A&$,a(s ($5$&" $& ,)er& s e&0e)se5era( a)5a&ta"es-

S-S- 1 # The 7rst a)5a&ta"e $s that a&$,a(s are separate) !r,

the$rpre)atrs-

Deta$(8 The0 are prte%te) s the0 ($5e /$th+t r$s ! .e$&"

atta%e)-

S-S- 2# A&ther a)5a&ta"e $s that s,e&e !ee)s the, re"+(ar(0s the0

) &t ha5e t h+&t !r !)-

Deta$(8 A(s the0 ) &t s+er t$,es /he& !) $s har) t 7&)-

S-S- # A th$r) a)5a&ta"e $s that 5eter$&ar$a&s "$5e a&$,a(s re"+(ar

%he%+ps-

Deta$(8 S$% a&$,a(s "et pr,pt ,e)$%a( atte&t$&-

C&%(+)$&" Se&te&%e#

I& %&%(+s$& .e%a+se a(( the$r &ee)s are tae& %are ! ,st a&$,a(s are hea(th0 a&) %&te&te)-


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S+pprt$&"

Se&te&%e@P$&tWr$te s+pprt$&" se&te&%es !r ea%h ! the tp$%se&te&%es .e(/#

1-O/&$&" a s,a(( %ar has se5era( a)5a&ta"es-

2-A ") !r$e&) has three $,prta&t +a($t$es--A %((e"e e)+%at$& $s $,prta&t !r s,e reas&s-


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C&%(+)$&" Se&te&%e

It s$"&a(s the e&) ! para"raph

It $s the (ast se&te&%e ! the para"raph-

It sh+() s+,,ar$e /hat has a(rea)0 .ee& sa$)a&) (ea5es the rea)er /$th the ,st $,prta&t

$)eas t re,e,.er-

C&%(+)e the para"raph .0 s+,,ar$$&" the ,a$&p$&ts ! the para"raph r repeat$&"@paraphrasethe tp$% se&te&%e $& )$ere&t /r)s-


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C&%(+s$& s$"&a(s

I& %&%(+s$&

I& shrt

T s+,,ar$e

T %&%(+)e

I& .r$e!

I& s+,,ar0

T s+, +p

It $s %(ear that


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Topic Sentence:________________________________________________.

Supporting Sentence:A._______________________________________.

Supporting Detail: 1._________________________. Supporting Detail: 2._________________________.

Supporting Sentence:B._______________________________________.

Supporting Detail: 1._________________________.

Supporting Detail: 2._________________________. Supporting Sentence:

C._______________________________________.



Concluding Sentence:___________________________________________.


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Ca+se a&) Ee%tCa+se a&) Ee%t

Para"raphPara"raph Ca+se@ee%t para"raphs "e&era((0 !((/ .as$%para"raph !r,at-

The0 .e"$& /$th a topic sentencea&) th$sse&te&%e $s !((/e) .0 supporting sentences.

A %a+se a&) ee%t para"raph %a& .e r"a&$e) $&three /a0s#

1-I)e&t$!0 the ee%t $& the tp$% se&te&%e a&) /r$tea.+t $ts %a+ses r

2-Wr$te a.+t the %a+se $& the tp$% se&te&%e a&)/r$te a.+t $ts ee%ts-

-Ta( a.+t %a+ses !((/e) .0 the ee%ts ! ea%h%a+se-


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Ca+se@Ee%t Para"raph

Wr$t$&" B(% Or"a&$at$&; A shrt para"raph !te& separates &e ,ar

se%t$& !r, a&ther ,ar se%t$&-

Cha$& Or"a&$at$&

; Ca+ses a&) ee%ts are ($&e) t ea%h ther $&a %ha$&-

; O&e e5e&t %a+ses the se%&) e5e&t a&) s &-; Cha$& r"a&$at$& /rs .etter /he& the

%a+ses a&) ee%ts are t %(se(0 ($&e) t .eseparate)-


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Bas$% Para"raph O+t($&eBas$% Para"raph O+t($&e

S+pprt$&"S+pprt$&"Se&te&%e 2Se&te&%e 2

S+pprt$&" Se&te&%e 1S+pprt$&" Se&te&%e 1

S+pprt$&"S+pprt$&" Se&te&%e Se&te&%e

TopicTopic SentenceSentence

ConcludingConcluding SentenceSentence


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Ca+se a&) Ee%t Para"raphCa+se a&) Ee%t Para"raphO+t($&eO+t($&e Wr$t$&" a.+t CAUSES

Ca+se 2Ca+se 2

Ca+se 1Ca+se 1

Ca+se Ca+se

Tp$% Se&te&%e# State,e&t ! the ee%tTp$% Se&te&%e# State,e&t ! the ee%ta&) 5er5$e/ ! the %a+sesa&) 5er5$e/ ! the %a+ses

C&%(+)$&" Se&te&%e# Restate,e&t !C&%(+)$&" Se&te&%e# Restate,e&t !ee%t s+,,ar0 ! a(( %a+sesee%t s+,,ar0 ! a(( %a+ses


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Sa,p(e Para"raph 1Sa,p(e Para"raph 1

There are several reasons why cities have grown so large thatnow aout !"# o$ the %arth&s population lives in uran areas- a'(irst) theincreasing industriali*ation o$ the nineteenth century resulted in thecreation o$ +any $actory ,os) which tended to e located in cities. 'These ,os) with their pro+ise o$ a etter +aterial li$e) attracted +anypeople $ro+ rural areas. c'Second) there were +any schools estalishedto educate the children o$ the new $actory laorers. d'The pro+ise o$ aetter education persuaded +any $a+ilies to leave $ar+ing co++unitiesand +ove to the cities. e'(inally) as the cities grew) people estalishedplaces o$ leisure) entertain+ent) and culture) such as sports stadiu+s)

theaters) and +useu+s. $'(or +any people) these $acilities +ade city li$eappear +ore interesting than li$e on the $ar+) and there$ore drew the+away $ro+ rural co++unities- -n short) !"# o$ %arth population live inthe city ecause o$ etter ,os) etter education and etterentertain+ent.


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Ca+se a&) Ee%t Para"raphCa+se a&) Ee%t Para"raphO+t($&eO+t($&e Wr$t$&" a.+t EFFECTS

Ee%t 2Ee%t 2

Ee%t 1Ee%t 1

Ee%t Ee%t

Tp$% Se&te&%e# State,e&t ! the %a+seTp$% Se&te&%e# State,e&t ! the %a+sea&) 5er5$e/ ! the ee%tsa&) 5er5$e/ ! the ee%ts

C&%(+)$&" Se&te&%e# Restate,e&t !C&%(+)$&" Se&te&%e# Restate,e&t !%a+se s+,,ar0 ! a(( ee%ts%a+se s+,,ar0 ! a(( ee%ts


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Sa,p(e para"raph 2Sa,p(e para"raph 2

The are +any things that cause a person to drin alcohol/however) there are three negative e0ects that derive $ro+ diningtoo +any alcoholic everages. ' (irst o$ all) alcohol causes liverda+age ecause your ody cannot constantly epel all the toinsthat alcohol contains. c' (or ea+ple) +y uncle was an ecessivedriner) and he died $ro+ liver $ailure. The doctors said his livergave out $ro+ all the alcohol. d'Another e0ect o$ alcohol is rainda+age. Alcohol ills rains cells) which decreases your +e+ory.e' (or instance) +y $riend3s $ather is an alcoholic o$ over 2" years.

4ell) his $ather always $orgets people3s na+es and conversationsthat he ,ust had.$' (inally) alcohol destroys relationships ecause itcan e+otionally and so+eti+es physically hurt the people who arearound the driner. g' To illustrate) - watched a +ovie aout a +anwho drin so +uch that he would co+e ho+e and eat his wi$e andids.. h' To su+ up) liver da+age) rain da+age) and relationshipda+age are the three negative e0ects o$ drining alcohol.


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Ca+se a&) Ee%t Para"raph 'Cha$&Ca+se a&) Ee%t Para"raph 'Cha$&Or"a&$at$&*Or"a&$at$&*

Topic SentenceTopic Sentence

Cause 1Cause 1

%0ect 1%0ect 1

Cause 2Cause 2

%0ect%0ect22

Cause 5Cause 5

%0ect 5%0ect 5

Concluding SentenceConcluding Sentence


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Ht WeatherHt Weather

CAUSE# h$"h .)0 te,perat+re

EFFECTS# the .)0 s/eats the .)0 (ses /ater

CAUSE# ,+s%(e pa$&

EFFECTS# ,a&0 pep(e !ee( t$re) /ea

CAUSE# (ss ! .)0 /ater !ee($&" t$re) /ea

EFFECTS# ser$+s $((&ess


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Ca+se@Ee%t S$"&a( /r)s a&)Phrases 'Re!er t te3t .

pa"e 1=1 1=2*!r as a res+(t.e%a+se as a %&se+e&%es$&%e there!reas th+st res+(t !r, %&se+e&t(0t .e the res+(t ! he&%e)+e t s

.e%a+se ! t res+(t $&the ee%t ! t %a+sethe %&se+e&%e ! t ha5e a& ee%t &as a res+(t ! t ae%tas a %&se+e&%e ! the %a+se !

the reas& !rthere.0

BBI2421_7 PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT (1).ppt

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