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The Bayt.com Middle East and North Africa

Salary Survey 2016May 2016

Objective

This research was conducted to gauge employee satisfaction levels with their salaries, but also pay raises and factors impacting their satisfaction, across countries, career levels, jobs roles and industries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

The study’s key objectives are as follows:§ Understand employee satisfaction levels with current salaries.§ Explore pay increases received in the past year and satisfaction with these.§ Assess pay increases expected in the coming year.§ Explore factors impacting pay increases/ decreases in each country. § Assess drivers of loyalty towards current employer.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYSection 1

Sample definition

Age and Gender:Working males and femalesAged 18+ years

Nationalities:

GCC Arabs, North Africans, Levantines, Western and Asian expatriates

Country of Residence

GCC: UAE, KSA, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain

Levant: Lebanon, Syria*, Jordan

North Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

*Small sampleData Collection

All data was collected online. Fieldwork was conducted between April 1st and April 15th

2016. The total number of interviews achieved was 8,158 interviews.

RESEARCH FINDINGSSection 2

CURRENT JOBSection 2a

Summary

§ Almost all respondents (96%) work full time, across a wide variety of career levels, job roles and industries.

§ Across the region, more than half (53%) have been working in their current career path for 6 years or less.

§ A similar proportion (50%) have been with their current employer for 3 years or less, while a small number (7%) have been with their current employer for at least 11 years.

§ Half of respondents (51%) have 10 people or less reporting to them (both directly and indirectly).

§ Almost 8 in 10 (79%) respondents surveyed across the region hold mid to senior level positions.

§ The largest proportion (71%) surveyed have held 1 or 2 jobs over the last 5 years.§ On average, 41% of respondents held a job for 2 to 3 years. 1 in every 5 respondents claim

to have stayed in a job for at least 6 years.

Current role

Base (Total) : 8158

Number of years working in current career path

Q. How many years have you been working in your current career path?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 564 34 1375 142 290 68

Number of years working with current employerQ. How long have you been working with your current employer?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Number of people reporting (directly and indirectly)

Q. How many people currently report to you, both directly and indirectly?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Career level attained so far

Q. Which of the following best describes the level that you have attained so far within your career path?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Number of jobs held over past 5 years

Q. How many jobs have you held over the past 5 years?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Average length of time held job forQ. What is the average length of time that you have held a job for (in years)?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

CURRENT PACKAGESection 2b

Summary

§ Across the region, the largest proportion of respondents (56%) claimed their current salary package consists of basic salary plus benefits. 30% claimed to receive ‘basic salary only’.

• Most respondents working in Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia are only entitled to their basic salaries (55%, 58%, 67%, 50% and 65%, respectively).

§ Across the region, only a very small proportion (4%) claimed to have ‘high’ levels of satisfaction with their current salary.

• Westerners appear to have the lowest levels of dissatisfaction with their salary, with a third (33%) rating their satisfaction as ‘Low’.

§ Approximately, 1 out of every 2 employees (53%) receive personal medical insurance from their company.

§ Additional benefits received by employees differ across countries. Specifically:

• Personal medical insurance is provided to 64% of employees in Saudi Arabia, a proportion that is much higher than in any other country covered.

• A greater proportion of employees in Oman, Qatar and the UAE (28%, 28% and 28% respectively) receive gratuity benefits, compared to all the other countries (14% overall).

• A higher proportion of those currently employed in the Gulf region (Bahrain: 23%, Kuwait: 23%, Oman: 40%, Saudi Arabia: 43%, UAE: 48%) receive personal annual air ticket.

• More respondents from Lebanon and Saudi Arabia receive transportation allowance (48% and 39%, respectively).

• Housing allowance is provided to a higher number of respondents in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE (45%, 36% and 30% respectively).

§ ‘Bonuses’ emerged as the additional benefit most favored by respondents across the region (selected by 62%).

Composition of current packageQ. The current salary you get includes…

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Percentage of total salary that is basic salary

Base: Those who receive basic salary plus benefits or basic salary plus benefits and commission*Low base: interpret with caution

Q. What percentage of the total salary package that you receive is your basic MONTHLY salary?

Base 5704 1666 1956 350 209 89 115 132 152 16* 833 43 122 21*

Level of satisfaction with current salary

Q. Please indicate your level of satisfaction with your current salary.

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Additional benefits receivedQ. Apart from your salary which of the following benefits are included in your compensation package?

Total UAE Saudi Arabia Qatar Kuwait Bahrain Oman Lebanon Jordan Syria Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Personal medical insurance 53% 53% 64% 40% 37% 38% 55% 41% 45% 32% 50% 51% 57% 40%

Personal annual air ticket 31% 48% 43% 47% 23% 23% 40% 2% 2% - 2% 1% 3% 6%

Transportation allowance 30% 31% 39% 34% 19% 26% 27% 48% 21% 26% 23% 15% 16% 10%

Housing allowance 27% 30% 45% 36% 19% 27% 36% 2% 2% 3% 6% 11% 6% 12%

Family medical insurance 26% 22% 41% 17% 13% 18% 28% 18% 22% 15% 14% 20% 27% 16%

Company-provided accommodation 19% 21% 26% 29% 17% 15% 27% 3% 3% 12% 7% 5% 9% 12%

Company-provided mobile phone 18% 17% 19% 20% 20% 17% 30% 12% 15% 12% 20% 14% 10% 16%Telecom bills paid by company / allowance 16% 16% 15% 20% 17% 21% 22% 9% 12% 6% 19% 7% 9% 12%

Company-provided car / transportation 14% 14% 17% 22% 14% 18% 25% 5% 5% 6% 13% 5% 12% 12%

Gratuity 14% 28% 10% 28% 9% 7% 28% 4% 5% 6% 3% 7% 8% 3%

Family annual air tickets 13% 15% 23% 17% 7% 15% 21% - 1% - 1% 1% 2% 1%

Personal training / development courses allowance 9% 8% 9% 8% 6% 6% 7% 14% 10% 6% 13% 5% 7% 12%

Holiday allowances / foreign trips 7% 5% 11% 7% 8% 2% 7% 4% 4% 6% 4% 1% 3% 3%

Children’s education allowance 4% 6% 5% 9% 3% 5% 5% 11% 2% - 1% 1% 3% 3%

Fitness benefits (e.g. gym membership) 3% 3% 5% 4% 3% 2% 7% 3% 2% 3% 2% 5% 2% 4%

Sabbaticals 2% 1% 3% 2% 1% 2% 3% - 2% - 3% 5% 6% 1%

Company stock options 1% 1% 1% - 1% 2% - 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1%

Childcare facility 1% - 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% - - 1% 3% 1% 1%

None / Don’t know 18% 14% 11% 13% 24% 18% 14% 28% 33% 35% 27% 32% 26% 38%

Benefits would prefer to receive (top 3)Q. From the list here, which of the following benefits would you prefer to have? Select TOP 3 preferred benefits.


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Bonus 62% 55% 68% 61% 62% 56% 60% 73% 71% 79% 66% 49% 48% 46%

Family medical insurance 29% 26% 28% 21% 24% 28% 32% 32% 33% 15% 36% 30% 25% 22%

Housing allowance 28% 36% 30% 30% 41% 33% 23% 22% 21% 26% 13% 32% 20% 31%

Company-provided accommodation 23% 35% 19% 29% 22% 23% 29% 6% 11% 18% 13% 24% 33% 24%

Children’s education allowance 21% 23% 23% 24% 19% 16% 19% 25% 20% 15% 20% 15% 7% 10%

Company-provided car / transportation 20% 15% 18% 17% 19% 20% 23% 13% 22% 29% 30% 32% 31% 40%

Personal medical insurance 14% 12% 11% 8% 8% 16% 15% 19% 24% 12% 18% 28% 23% 21%

Family annual air tickets 13% 17% 16% 20% 20% 17% 13% 4% 5% 6% 4% 6% 10% 6%Personal training / development courses allowance 13% 9% 14% 8% 11% 14% 12% 16% 15% 18% 18% 7% 12% 10%

Transportation allowance 9% 10% 8% 9% 9% 11% 5% 12% 13% 9% 10% 6% 7% 7%

Personal annual air ticket 9% 11% 8% 11% 15% 16% 3% 10% 7% 6% 4% 2% 9% 15%

Holiday allowances / foreign trips 8% 7% 7% 9% 6% 8% 11% 9% 8% 3% 8% 13% 13% 6%

Gratuity 7% 9% 7% 13% 5% 7% 12% 5% 6% - 2% 12% 3% 4%

Company stock options 6% 4% 6% 2% 4% 6% 3% 5% 6% 6% 10% 5% 8% 7%

Fitness benefits (e.g. gym membership) 4% 4% 4% 5% 3% 5% 3% 5% 3% - 6% 1% 1% 3%Telecom bills paid by company / allowance 3% 3% 2% 4% 2% 4% 2% 4% 1% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1%

Sabbaticals 3% 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 5% 5% 5% 6% 4% 6% 10% 7%

Company-provided mobile phone 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 3% 4% 1% 6% 3% 3% 2% -

Childcare facility 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% 2% 4% 3% 1% 1% 4% 4%

None/ Don’t know 3% 2% 2% 3% 2% - 3% 3% 3% 9% 4% 1% 4% 4%

Other (please specify) 1% - 1% - 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% - 1% 3% 1% -

SALARY COMPARISONS AND EXPECTATIONS

Section 2c

Summary

§ The largest proportion (42%) of those surveyed did not receive a pay increase in 2015, with respondents from Morocco (56%) and Algeria (57%) most likely to make this claim.

§ Of those who did receive an increase, the greatest proportion received was between 1% and 5% (according to 28% of respondents).

§ More than half (54%) of those who received a raise in 2015 are ‘unhappy’ with their raise.• Residents in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Oman were the most unhappy (60%, 67%, 61%

and 61% respectively). § Just under a third of respondents (31%) do not expect to be given a raise in 2016, with

employees in Morocco (50%) and Algeria (49%) being most pessimistic. § While half (50%) claim they cannot comment on the issue, almost 3 in 10 (28%) believe there is

parity in the salaries given to men and women in the same position and doing the same work in their company.

Raise received in 2015Q. Can you please select the total percentage raise you received in the year 2015 (January 2015 – December 2015)?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Satisfaction with raise received

Base: All those who received a raise in the year 2015*Low base: interpret with caution

Q. Please indicate how satisfied you are with the salary raise you received in the year 2015?


Base 4231 1020 1188 215 178 67 88 102 225 20* 926 57 109 36

I am very happy with my raise 6% 8% 7% 8% 7% 12% 6% 5% 4% - 4% 2% 5% 3%

I am modestly happy with my raise 15% 18% 15% 17% 19% 15% 12% 12% 9% 5% 11% 12% 13% 14%

My raise is fair in light of my contribution to the company 9% 10% 9% 10% 15% 3% 10% 12% 8% - 7% 7% 16% 17%

My raise is fair in light of the company’s financial situation 10% 10% 9% 10% 7% 15% 8% 9% 6% 25% 12% 4% 6% 6%

My raise is fair in light of my contribution and the company’s financial situation 6% 7% 5% 10% 6% 7% 2% 8% 6% 5% 6% 14% 6% 6%

I am quite unhappy with my raise 33% 30% 33% 28% 28% 30% 41% 36% 39% 35% 36% 42% 23% 42%

I am very unhappy with my raise 21% 18% 21% 17% 20% 18% 20% 19% 28% 30% 24% 19% 31% 14%

Raise compared to cost of livingQ. Was the raise you received in 2015 in line with the increased cost of living?

Base 4222 1018 1184 215 178 67 88 102 224 20* 924 57 109 36

Base: All those who received a raise in the year 2015*Low base: interpret with caution

Salaries offered to men and women doing the same jobQ. In your opinion, which of the following statements best applies to the salaries offered to men and women doing the same work in your company?


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

The salary offered to women is higher than that offered to men in the same position/ doing the same work

9% 10% 10% 10% 9% 2% 7% 3% 6% - 8% 9% 8% 9%

There is parity in the salaries given to men and women in the same position/ doing the same work

28% 27% 17% 27% 32% 33% 28% 47% 35% 50% 35% 39% 53% 44%

The salary offered to women is lower than that offered to men in the same position/ doing the same work

13% 14% 13% 15% 14% 17% 11% 17% 16% 9% 10% 13% 5% 16%

Don’t know/ Can’t say 50% 49% 61% 47% 44% 47% 54% 33% 42% 41% 46% 38% 34% 31%

Raise expected in 2016Q. Can you please select the total percentage raise you expect to receive in the year 2016 (January 2016 – December 2016)?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

COST OF LIVING AND SAVINGSSection 2d

Summary

§ Across the region, two-thirds of those surveyed claimed to have seen an increase in rents, food and utilities in 2015 (68%, 67% and 65%, respectively).

• Those in the UAE and Kuwait were most likely to have experienced an increase in rents (at 80% and 82%, respectively), while those in Egypt were most likely to report an increase in food and utilities (83% and 85%, respectively).

§ When probed on their savings, over one-third (35%) of respondents across the region claim they do not manage to save any of their monthly salary.

• Those in Jordan, Morocco and Egypt were most likely to be unable to save money (57%, 56% and 49%, respectively).

§ Almost 4 in 10 (39%) of those surveyed across the region repatriate a proportion of their savings to their home countries, with those in expat-rich GCC region being much more likely to repatriate part of their savings.

§ When asked which three industries provide the best salaries in their country of residence, Oil, Gas & Petrochemicals, Banking/ Finance and Airline/ Aviation topped the list of the highest paying industries.

§ When asked about their preferred paid structure, two-thirds (63%) of those surveyed across the region said they prefer a 100% fixed pay.

• Those in Bahrain and Qatar were most likely to prefer a fixed pay structure (74% and 71%, respectively).

§ The majority (63%) believe their salary is lower than other companies in their industry.

Increased costs in 2015Q. For which of the following elements did you see an increase in the cost in the year 2015 (January 2015 – December 2015)?


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Rents 68% 80% 67% 73% 82% 56% 54% 46% 68% 79% 58% 49% 51% 57%

Food and beverages 67% 57% 66% 63% 69% 69% 64% 67% 69% 82% 83% 77% 76% 68%

Utilities (water, electricity, gas, etc.) 65% 55% 70% 52% 32% 73% 58% 42% 74% 82% 85% 60% 73% 63%

Education 41% 35% 38% 37% 42% 39% 35% 53% 58% 56% 55% 32% 17% 28%

Entertainment 37% 29% 33% 32% 32% 34% 29% 41% 57% 74% 56% 30% 34% 41%

Other 3% 4% 2% 6% 1% 5% 4% 1% 1% - 2% - - -

Proportion of monthly personal income savedQ. On average, what percentage of your monthly personal income do you save?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Proportion of savings repatriated to home countryQ. What percentage of your savings do you repatriate to your home country?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Industries providing the best salariesQ. In your opinion, what are the top 3 industries that provide the best salaries in your country?


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals 40% 37% 40% 50% 49% 34% 60% 10% 11% 26% 48% 8% 65% 29%

Banking/ Finance 35% 30% 34% 31% 38% 53% 27% 27% 36% 38% 47% 24% 19% 54%

Aerospace/ Airline/ Aviation 27% 29% 25% 21% 18% 17% 25% 11% 33% 3% 32% 25% 31% 41%

Real Estate/ Construction/ Property Development 19% 19% 18% 19% 19% 17% 14% 37% 22% 18% 18% 29% 19% 24%

Government/ Civil service 14% 25% 11% 24% 11% 14% 18% 6% 3% - 2% 19% 6% 4%

Military/ Defence/ Police 14% 7% 10% 8% 11% 8% 3% 1% 2% 6% 40% 5% 33% 4%

Engineering/ Design 13% 15% 15% 18% 15% 14% 14% 21% 16% - 5% 15% 5% 13%

Advertising/ Marketing/ Public Relations 11% 11% 10% 8% 9% 15% 3% 18% 15% - 13% 15% 5% 4%

Business Consultancy/ Business Management/ Management Consulting 11% 11% 12% 10% 12% 13% 13% 24% 13% 9% 5% 18% 4% 6%

Telecommunications 10% 7% 11% 5% 10% 13% 16% 10% 15% 35% 9% 13% 10% 12%

Healthcare/ Medical services 9% 11% 12% 12% 11% 10% 10% 16% 11% 15% 2% 1% 3% 4%

IT/ Internet/ E-commerce 9% 12% 10% 12% 11% 14% 17% 11% 10% 3% 3% 7% 1% 4%

Electricity/ Power Generation/ Water 6% 4% 7% 7% 4% 2% 3% 2% 4% - 5% 5% 10% 3%

Consumer Goods/ FMCG 5% 5% 5% 2% 4% 2% 4% 7% 2% 18% 4% 7% 8% 6%

Media/ Journalism/ Publishing 5% 3% 3% 4% 4% 3% 2% 4% 1% 6% 12% 1% - 1%

Preferred pay structure: fixed or variable?Q. Which of the following do you think is a better pay structure for you?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Salary compared to other companies in the industryQ. For the work that you do, is your salary…

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

FUTURE PLANS AND EXPECTATIONSSection 2e

Summary

§ When asked about their plans in the next 12 months, more than half (53%) of those surveyed plan to look for a better job in the same industry, while a considerable proportion are willing to go even further to improve their circumstances, by either looking for a better job in a different industry or by looking for a better job elsewhere in the Middle East (31% and 25%, respectively).• Those in the UAE were the least likely to look elsewhere in the Middle East (12%), while

those in Algeria, Tunisia and Oman were most likely to follow this plan (51%, 46% and 41%, respectively).

§ Almost half of those surveyed (48%) expect salaries to increase in the next few months. 1 in every 4 (23%) expect salaries to stay the same, while 20% expect salaries to decrease.• Those in Lebanon and Jordan were most likely to expect salaries to stay the same (36%

and 35%, respectively).§ Among those who think salaries will increase, the majority (63%) believe these will be mostly

driven up by inflation/ rise in the cost of living, followed by growth in opportunities and economic growth in their country of residence (30%).• UAE residents were the most likely to believe salaries will be driven up by growth in

opportunities (41%), while those in Lebanon and Jordan were most likely to expect salary increases would be driven up by inflation/ increased cost of living (77% and 74%, respectively).

§ Over half (56%) of those who believe salaries will either decrease or stay the same, attribute this to poor economy or declining oil prices.• This sentiment was most accentuated in Oman, Algeria, Qatar and Lebanon (72%, 70%

and 65%).

Plans for next 12 months

Q. Which of the following do you intend to do in the next 12 months?


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Look for a better job in the same industry 53% 58% 54% 55% 53% 53% 48% 44% 47% 62% 52% 42% 40% 24%

Look for a better job in a different industry 31% 37% 33% 24% 29% 40% 23% 31% 24% 18% 24% 30% 27% 19%

Look for a better job as an expat in a different country in the Middle East 25% 12% 24% 32% 25% 30% 41% 24% 34% 38% 34% 35% 51% 46%

Move to another region as an expat 9% 8% 7% 12% 11% 16% 14% 12% 15% 12% 10% 12% 16% 19%

Return to home country 4% 5% 6% 6% 8% 2% 9% 1% - - - - 1% -

Other 3% 2% 3% 2% 5% 2% 3% 5% 6% - 4% 4% 3% 4%

Nothing/ None of these 9% 8% 10% 8% 10% 8% 10% 14% 12% 6% 9% 12% 7% 9%

Are salaries increasing or decreasing?Q. In general, are salaries in your country of residence increasing or decreasing?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Factors driving salary increases

Base: All those who perceive that salaries are increasing*Low base: interpret with caution

Q. Which of these factors in your opinion are causing salaries to increase in your country of residence?


Base 3908 1072 1114 219 191 60 77 70 154 10* 702 66 130 43

Inflation/rise in cost of living 63% 63% 59% 64% 62% 67% 64% 77% 74% 60% 64% 53% 66% 70%

Growth in opportunities and economic growth in my country of residence 30% 41% 33% 33% 24% 38% 31% 16% 19% - 16% 18% 15% 16%

Good corporate performance/ increased profitability 20% 25% 20% 18% 17% 28% 14% 27% 17% 10% 15% 18% 9% 12%

Intense competition for attracting/ retaining talent 19% 22% 20% 19% 18% 30% 13% 27% 19% 10% 14% 11% 7% 2%

Economic growth and rising salaries in other countries 18% 23% 20% 26% 19% 27% 22% 16% 7% 30% 9% 8% 5% 7%

Pay rises in public sector 17% 21% 18% 14% 16% 22% 22% 11% 8% 20% 13% 8% 22% 12%

Removal of NOC clause/ greater flexibility to switch jobs 7% 11% 5% 19% 7% 5% 14% 4% 3% - 2% 2% 2% -

Other 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% - - - - 2% - 2% -

Don’t know/ Can’t tell 10% 10% 10% 8% 13% 3% 13% 6% 9% 10% 11% 23% 6% 2%

Factors preventing salary increasesQ. Which of these factors do you think are causing salaries to not increase sufficiently in your country?


Base 3455 800 1086 179 136 60 57 107 191 23* 587 65 145 19*

Poor economy/ declining oil prices 56% 57% 55% 65% 59% 62% 72% 65% 42% 57% 53% 17% 70% 53%

Employer-friendly laws 34% 24% 39% 28% 28% 28% 39% 20% 39% 17% 41% 65% 32% 37%

Poor corporate performance/ decreased profitability 30% 39% 29% 35% 33% 27% 28% 36% 23% 9% 23% 11% 17% 5%

There is more top talent than top jobs in my country 18% 20% 17% 16% 10% 13% 12% 27% 29% - 15% 22% 10% 21%

Tax-free environment in GCC countries 9% 15% 10% 9% 12% 5% 5% 4% 9% - 3% - 2% 11%

Other 6% 6% 5% 8% 10% 7% 11% 9% 9% 52% 6% 5% 3% -

Don’t know/ can’t tell 13% 19% 10% 9% 16% 12% 4% 11% 15% 9% 12% 11% 6% 16%

Base: All those who perceive that salaries are decreasing/ staying the same *Low base: interpret with caution

DRIVERS OF LOYALTYSection 2f

Summary

§ While almost half (48%) of those surveyed across the region said loyalty to their company is linked to the salary they receive at least to some extent, a considerable proportion (35%) claimed their loyalty in not linked to the salary they receive.

• Those in Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt were the most likely to claim their loyalty is not linked to the salary they receive (53%, 45% and 45%, respectively), while those in Saudi Arabia were most likely to claim their loyalty is directly linked to their salary (53%).

§ Besides salary, one’s line manager (38%), opportunities for long-term career advancement (35%), and senior management (27%) all emerged as important drivers of employee loyalty.

• Line managers are considered a stronger driver of loyalty in Jordan (45%) and Saudi Arabia (44%), while opportunities for career advancement are a stronger driver of loyalty in Bahrain (42%), Oman (42%), Kuwait (39%) and the UAE (40%).

Extent to which loyalty is directly linked to salary

All figures are %’s

Q. To what extent is your loyalty to your company directly linked to the salary you receive?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Non-financial drivers of employee loyaltyQ. What other variables most strongly drive your loyalty to the company besides salary?


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

My line manager 38% 35% 44% 36% 34% 31% 28% 34% 45% 26% 37% 21% 32% 25%

Opportunities for career advancement 35% 40% 32% 36% 39% 42% 42% 34% 34% 26% 33% 20% 21% 28%

Senior management 27% 28% 30% 28% 30% 23% 28% 22% 19% 38% 28% 11% 14% 15%

The company brand and reputation 22% 29% 19% 28% 25% 24% 21% 25% 15% 21% 17% 11% 12% 15%

Training and development opportunities 20% 18% 22% 16% 18% 20% 22% 17% 23% 26% 20% 9% 22% 15%

My colleagues 19% 22% 18% 20% 18% 19% 20% 21% 18% 15% 18% 14% 16% 15%

The nature of my daily responsibilities 19% 23% 17% 25% 17% 32% 26% 24% 16% 26% 14% 18% 15% 10%

Fun office environment 14% 11% 14% 9% 12% 12% 9% 17% 20% 18% 15% 16% 18% 15%

Physical location of my workplace 12% 12% 12% 9% 12% 17% 15% 19% 12% 6% 14% 11% 13% 9%

Opportunities to travel 7% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 7% 6% 10% 12% 9% 6% 6% 9%

Other 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% - 2% 1% 2% 1%

None – I am primarily interested in the salary 5% 5% 6% 7% 6% 2% 3% 5% 4% - 4% 13% 9% 6%

Don’t know/ Can’t say 7% 7% 6% 9% 7% 10% 8% 5% 5% 3% 5% 13% 8% 7%

END OF SERVICE BENEFITS AND OVERTIME

Section 2g

Summary§ Almost 6 in 10 (58%) of those surveyed across the region stated their company offers end-of-

service benefits. This benefit was most often claimed in Qatar (80%), UAE (77%), Kuwait (67%), Saudi Arabia (67%) and Oman (63%).

§ On the other hand, pension on retirement is higher in Algeria (54%), Morocco (31%), Tunisia (31%), Jordan (21%) and Lebanon (21%).

§ Two-thirds (64%) of those surveyed across the region claim their company does not pay for overtime.• Those in the UAE (74%), Lebanon (73%) and Bahrain were most likely to make this claim.

§ Meanwhile, almost half of respondents (47%) claim their company does not provide a bonus or incentive plan.• Those in Morocco, Jordan and Algeria were most likely to make this claim (54%, 51%,

51%, respectively), while those in Oman, Kuwait and the UAE were most likely to work for companies with bonuses or incentive schemes (46%, 44% and 43%, respectively).

§ Of the 38% whose companies do provide a bonus or incentive plan, the majority of them (66%) receive an annual or year-end bonus.

§ The largest proportion (29%) claimed their company reviews its salary structure every year, while 1 in every 4 claimed their company ‘never’ does so.

§ 38% of those surveyed across the region claimed they had never received a salary adjustment; 42% had their salary adjusted in the last 1 year or more recently.

§ 21% had been promoted in 2015, with 60% of them claiming this was associated with a pay increase.• Those in Egypt, Qatar and Saudi Arabia were the most likely to claim their promotion was

not accompanied by a pay increase (45%, 44% and 43%, respectively).

End of service benefitsQ. Which of the following end of service benefits does your company presently offer all its employees?


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

End of service gratuity 58% 77% 67% 80% 67% 52% 63% 33% 16% 35% 31% 15% 23% 31%

Pension on retirement 14% 6% 12% 4% 7% 17% 17% 21% 21% 18% 19% 31% 54% 31%

Other 2% 1% 3% - 1% 3% 2% 5% 4% - 3% - 2% -

None of the above 31% 19% 24% 16% 27% 36% 23% 45% 61% 47% 53% 55% 32% 40%

Overtime payQ. Does your company pay for overtime?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Company bonusQ. Does your company have a bonus or incentive plan?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

*Remaining % corresponds to ‘Don’t know/ not sure’

Type of company bonus offered

Q. What type of bonus does your company provide?

Base 3125 925 912 174 162 50 69 74 128 18* 481 31 82 19*

Base: All those who receive a bonus or are part of an incentive plan *Low base: interpret with caution

Salary structure reviewsQ. How often does your company review its salary structure?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Most recent salary adjustmentQ. When did you get your last salary adjustment?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Promotion in 2015 Q. Were you promoted in the year 2015? (January 2015 – December 2015)

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Was promotion accompanied by salary increase?

Q. If you were promoted in the year 2015, did your promotion include a salary raise?)

Base 1743 445 523 105 84 25* 26* 41 97 293 21* 61 20*

Base: All those who were promoted in 2015*Low base: interpret with caution**Syria is not reported due to the base being too low

INVESTMENTS Section 2h

Summary

§ Only 14% of those surveyed across the region claimed to make regular (monthly) financial investments. This proportion is higher amongst Westerners (21%) and Asians (21%), compared to the Arab nationality groups.

§ Generally speaking, 15% across the region had invested in local property, with another 11% investing in their own business and 9% in gold.

§ In terms of expenses, rent is by far the top monthly expense at 46%, and it is particularly high for respondents in UAE (65%), Kuwait (56%), Qatar (53%), and Bahrain (52%).

§ Across the region, home ownership is at 33%, with the highest percentage of people who own a home being in Egypt (54%), and lowest in Morocco (14%).

§ Of the respondents who do not own a home, the majority (60%) would like to own one in their home country.

Financial investments: A trend or not?

Q. Do you regularly make financial investments? (By regularly we mean at least once a month)

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Products invested in…Q. Which of the following products do you invest in? Please select all that apply


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Property (local) 15% 13% 17% 15% 16% 12% 18% 12% 11% 3% 16% 6% 9% 16%

Own business 11% 7% 12% 10% 12% 11% 11% 11% 11% 12% 13% 15% 17% 16%

Gold 9% 12% 9% 10% 15% 14% 13% 2% 6% 9% 7% 5% 7% 7%

Savings certificates 7% 8% 5% 6% 8% 9% 11% 2% 4% - 13% 3% 3% 4%

Stocks 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% - 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 3% 4%

Jewelery 6% 9% 5% 7% 8% 5% 7% 1% 2% 9% 2% 4% 3% 7%

Insurance plus investment plans 6% 9% 4% 8% 8% 8% 7% 4% 3% - 3% 4% 1% 6%

Property (regional) 4% 5% 3% 6% 9% 7% 3% 1% 1% - 1% 6% 3% 3%

Property (international) 4% 7% 4% 6% 10% 3% 8% 1% 1% 3% 1% 4% 2% -

Bonds 2% 5% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% - - - 1% 1% 2% 1%

Mutual funds (local) 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% - 1% - 1% 1% - 3%

Mutual funds (international) 2% 3% 2% 3% 4% 2% 2% - - - - 1% - -

Mutual funds (regional) 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% - 2% 1% - - - 1% 1% -

Other (please specify) 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% - 1% 3% 2% 3%

None of the above 56% 51% 55% 49% 47% 53% 47% 70% 71% 71% 61% 68% 67% 57%

Top-ranked monthly expensesQ. From the list provided please rank from 1 to 3, the top three monthly expenses for you, where 1 is item on which you spend the most on average in a month and so on….


Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Rent 46% 65% 44% 53% 56% 52% 43% 26% 42% 41% 23% 33% 26% 24%

Children’s schooling 13% 8% 14% 12% 10% 14% 13% 17% 11% 18% 24% 4% 6% 10%

Dining out 11% 8% 14% 10% 11% 9% 7% 16% 10% 9% 14% 13% 13% 19%

Transportation 8% 5% 7% 5% 3% 4% 7% 13% 20% 3% 12% 16% 15% 18%

Health/ Medical bills 6% 3% 4% 3% 3% 6% 5% 7% 4% 15% 11% 11% 12% 15%

Investment (property, stocks, insurance, etc.)' 5% 4% 5% 8% 5% 7% 7% 9% 2% - 5% 4% 6% 4%

Entertainment/ Traveling 5% 3% 5% 5% 6% 4% 7% 7% 5% - 5% 4% 4% 1%

Electronics 3% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 5% 2% 3% 6% 3% 3% 6% 3%

Furniture 1% - 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 8% 7% 1%

Exercise/ Fitness 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 3% - 2% 3% 1% - 3% 1%

Books 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 6% - 4% 3% 3%

Do people in the MENA own a home?Q. Do you own a home?

Base 8158 2140 2447 452 369 132 149 196 364 34 1375 142 290 68

Are they interested in owning a home? Where?

Q. Would you like to own a home?


Base 5444 1556 1734 286 236 97 91 121 269 27* 627 122 227 51

Yes, in my country of residence 44% 45% 44% 29% 27% 37% 34% 44% 49% 44% 55% 44% 56% 39%

Yes, in my home country 60% 62% 64% 69% 69% 60% 70% 53% 56% 56% 50% 56% 41% 53%

Yes, in another country 12% 10% 9% 11% 19% 9% 9% 13% 12% 11% 12% 17% 34% 24%

No 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% - 3% 4% 2% 2% * -

Don’t know/ Can’t say 2% 3% 2% 4% 3% 2% 1% 6% * - 2% 3% 2% 2%

*Low base: interpret with caution

DEMOGRAPHICSSection 3

Demographic breakdown (1/2)

Age•18 to 24 – 13%•25 to 34 – 57%•35 to 44 – 22%•45 to 54 – 7%•55+ – 2%

Nationality group•Gulf – 11%•Levant – 15%•North African – 34%•Westerner – 3%•Asian – 33%•Other – 4%

Main earner*•Yes – 31%•No – 69%

Gender•Male – 82%•Female – 18%

Base (Total): 8158*Base (Only household earners): 3162

Demographic breakdown (2/2)

Base (Total): 8158

Thank You!

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