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Transcript of Bauxite
17-1
BAUXITE
17 Bauxite
Bauxite is bas ical ly an a luminous rockcontaining hydrated aluminium oxide as the
main constituent and iron oxide, silica and titaniain varying proportions. Hydrated aluminiumoxides present in the bauxite ore are diaspore andboehmite, Al2O3.H2O (Al2O3-85%; Al-45%);gibbsite or hydrargillite, Al2O3.3 H2O (Al2O3-65.4%; Al-34.6%), and bauxite (containingcolloidal alumina hydrogel), Al2O3. 2H2O (Al2O3-73.9%; Al-39.1%). The iron oxide in bauxite ore ispresent as hematite or goethite, silica as clay andfree quartz, and titania as leucoxene or rutile.Bauxite is an essential ore of aluminium which isone of the most important non-ferrous metals usedin the modern industry. It is also an essential orefor refractory and chemical industries. Thecountry has abundant resources of bauxite whichcan meet both domestic and export demands.
RESOURCESResources of bauxite in the country as on
1.4.2005, as per UNFC system, are placed at3,290 million tonnes. These resources include899 million tonnes reserves and 2,390 milliontonnes remaining resources. By grades, about86% resources are of metallurgical grade. Theresources of refractory and chemical grades arelimited and together account for about 3 percent.By States, Orissa alone accounts for 55% ofcountry's resources of bauxite followed by AndhraPradesh (19%), Gujarat (6%), Chhattisgarh (5%),Madhya Pradesh (4%), Jharkhand (4%) andMaharashtra (3%). Major bauxite resources areconcentrated in the East Coast bauxite depositsin Orissa and Andhra Pradesh (Table - 1).
EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENTDeta i l s o f exp lora t ion ca r r ied ou t fo r
bauxite by GSI, MECL, State Directorates ofGeology & Mining, Governments of Chhattisgarh,Maharashtra, Orissa, GMDC and NALCO, during2006-07 and 2007-08, are given in Table - 2 (A) andTable - 2 (B), respectively.
PRODUCTION, STOCKS & PRICESThe production of Bauxite at 23.1 million
tonnes in 2007-08 increased by 47% as comparedto 15.7 million tonnes in the previous year owingto burgeoning demand.
There were 209 reporting mines in 2007-08 asagainst 197 in the previous year. In all, 88 producersreported production of bauxite in 2007-08. Tenprincipal producers having 45 mines contributedabout 78 % of the total production. Fifty- sevenmajor mines, each producing more than 50 thousandtonnes per annum, together accounted for 93% ofall-India production.
The contribution of the Panchpatmali bauxite mineof NALCO was 20 % of the total production. The shareof 16 public sector mines was about 25 % of the totalproduction in 2007-08 as against 12 mines contributing31% in the previous year.
About 17 % of the total production of bauxite wasof grade 40-45% Al2O3, 26 % of below 40% Al2O3 grade,34% of other grades, 13 % of 45-50% Al2O3 grade, 6 %of cement grade, 3% in 50-55% Al2O3 grade and onepercent in 55% to below 60% Al2O3 grade. Nominalproduction of less than one percent was reported inRefractory and Abrasive grades during the year underreview.
17-2
BAUXITETa
ble
- 1 :
Res
erve
s/R
esou
rces
of
Bau
xite
as
on 1
.4.2
005
(By
Gra
des/
Stat
es)
(In
'000
ton
nes)
Res
erve
sR
emai
ning
re
sour
ces
Tota
lG
rade
/Sta
tePr
oved
Prob
able
Tota
lFe
asib
ility
Pre-
feas
ibili
tyM
easu
red
Indi
cate
dIn
ferr
edR
econ
nais
sanc
eTo
tal
reso
urce
sST
D11
1(A
)ST
D21
1ST
D33
1ST
D33
2ST
D33
3ST
D33
4(B
)(A
+B)
STD
121
STD
122
STD
221
STD
222
All
Indi
a :
Tota
l53
8945
2254
2413
5015
8993
8433
590
224
2401
7957
9561
3940
2210
8557
653
623
9043
232
8981
7B
y G
rade
s
Che
mic
al68
049
199
928
-49
7823
423
8318
250
63-
1284
013
767
R
efra
ctor
y33
7044
937
1146
4945
3-
7753
411
2670
208
9368
-20
410
6986
4
Che
mic
al/r
efra
ctor
y,
m
ixed
with
oth
ers
2579
626
1974
5179
-18
5465
1854
216
8984
-12
973
1815
2
Met
allu
rgic
al-1
4265
0117
1854
8031
367
8668
335
4325
517
1499
4056
5928
9181
6146
4953
615
2511
522
0378
3
Met
allu
rgic
al-2
5124
750
9216
812
7315
0-
7907
3810
310
4351
5865
926
9952
-47
8972
5521
22
Met
allu
rgic
al, m
ixed
1136
328
368
1818
463
-29
7827
2338
458
500
2584
3-
7050
288
965
Low
2353
861
716
863
4101
7-
6729
2141
819
856
3248
710
6081
-18
6571
2275
88
Mix
ed g
rade
exc
ludi
ng
ch
emic
al/re
frac
tory
1532
714
6193
8326
172
-13
969
4676
2320
2651
1029
0-
3390
660
078
A
bras
ive
194
505
344
1043
-80
220
56-
428
-13
0623
48
Oth
ers
191
-18
737
8-
-85
1949
4848
5042
-11
923
1230
2
Unc
lass
ified
3515
-71
242
28-
-72
0-
5090
7979
-13
789
1801
7
Not
kno
wn
441
-26
570
6-
-22
55
-21
896
-22
126
2283
2
By
Stat
es
And
hra
Prad
esh
199
548
251
--
2260
1887
2013
5860
2881
76-
6150
1661
5267
B
ihar
--
--
--
--
-41
14-
4114
4114
C
hhat
tisga
rh30
706
4698
111
279
8896
6-
3675
938
2312
6225
7214
933
-59
349
1483
15 G
oa27
037
1097
6492
3462
6-
1320
263
5500
-86
46-
1572
950
355
G
ujar
at43
952
2400
2186
168
214
-40
440
2780
612
195
328
3935
4-
1201
2418
8337
Ja
mm
u &
Kas
hmir
--
--
--
-13
2318
252
0-
2025
2025
Jh
arkh
and
1340
855
2812
722
3165
7-
566
5242
320
1739
761
827
536
8588
811
7545
K
arna
taka
4576
367
786
5729
-39
471
8037
829
4032
882
-43
774
4950
3
Ker
ala
55-
-55
--
-20
3792
8427
22-
1404
314
098
M
adhy
a Pr
ades
h13
530
1768
1540
1683
8-
8316
237
8920
5371
546
037
-11
7225
1340
64
Mah
aras
htra
2109
155
6812
499
3915
733
551
525
9838
831
8354
2185
2-
7248
511
1643
Oris
sa38
0363
1617
1165
924
6079
97-
-18
8630
3096
8415
2807
5491
53-
1200
274
1808
271
R
ajas
than
--
--
--
--
-52
8-
528
528
Ta
mil
Nad
u40
29-
1865
5894
-19
1321
40-
1008
468
14-
2095
126
845
U
ttar
Prad
esh
--
--
--
-10
390
500
8018
-18
908
1890
8
Fig
ures
rou
nded
off
.
17-3
BAUXITE
Table - 2 (A) : Details of Exploration Activities for Bauxite, 2006-07
Agency/ Location/ Mapping Drilling Sampling Remarks /State/ Area/ Scale Area No. of Metres (No.) Reserves/ResourcesDistrict Block (sq km) boreholes estimated
GSI, OrissaBonai- Kadalia Block - - - - - Estimated resources of 1.97Kendujhar million tonnes with an average
grade of Al2O3 48.34%,Fe2O3 19.44% , SiO2 4.04%TiO2 2.5%, LOI 24.54%for a strike length of 6 km
MECL, JharkhandGumla Lupungpat Block - - 2 3 5 - Exploratory drilling of two
Toposhee t boreholes indicated bauxiteNo. 73 A/8 thickness of 2-4 m with 50-52%
Al2O3, and 2-3% SiO2State Directorate ofGeology & Mining ,C h h a t t i s g a r h
Surguja Pa th ra i 1 :50000 2 . 0 4 2 4 6 2 6 7 0 1 1 6 6 Extension of bauxite depositSarbhanja towards west of Pathrai wasarea in found. Estimated 6 lakh tonnesMainpa t of metal grade bauxite resourcesPla teau in Pathrai block with Al2O3
content ranging from 42% to55%, the average being 47.50%.
Kabirdham Bandhtola 1 :50000 1 2 2 - - 488 Estimated 55 lakh tonnes ofArea 1 :4000 1 . 3 6 bauxite resources under inferred
category in Duldula and Akaljhariarea.
Kawardha & 1:50 ,000 1 7 7 0 - - 2 7 9 Over 25 pockets of bauxite ofPandaria Tehsils various dimensions were
identified with Al2O3 contentvarying between 35% to 60%.Estimated 110 Lakh tonnes metalgrade bauxite resources underinferred category.
Directorate ofGeology, Orissa
Koraput Tadapani 1 :2000 1 . 4 7 - - 1 8 6 Identified four laterite bearingnear plateau with elevation more thanRamgarh 1000 m above MSL. The main
plateau has bauxite bearingarea of 1.47 sq km with thicknessvarying from 2 m to 6 m.
Mysore Minerals Ltd,Bagalkote Paduvare - - - - - About 1.49 million tonnes of
Byndoor bauxite reserves estimated.
NALCOKoraput Pachpatmal i - - 4 0 9 8241 .5 10191 About 15 million tonnes of
Bauxite bauxite reserves estimated.Mine
B A L C OKabirdham Bodai - - 2 8 3 2121 .3 - At the end of 2006-07, total
Daldali reserves of bauxite estimated atBauxite Mine 6.3 million tonnes.
-do- Mainpa t - - - - - At the end of 2006-07 totalBauxite Mine reserves of bauxite estimated at
8.97 million tonnes.
17-4
BAUXITE
Table - 2 (B) : Details of Exploration Activities for Bauxite, 2007-08
Agency/ Location/ Mapping Drilling Sampling Remarks / State/ Area/ Scale Area No. of Metres (No.) Reserves/ResourcesDistrict Block (sq km) boreholes estimated
Directorate ofGeology, Orissa
Kandhamal Ushabali 1 :12500 2 7Plateau 1 :2000 1 . 8 1 - - 3 1 2 Bauxite in the plateau is pink
to cherry red and gibbsitic type.The thickness of bauxite
varies from 1m to 8.4 m.
State Directorateof Geology &Mining , Chhat t i sgarh
Surguja Pathara i 1 :50 ,000 2 . 0 8 1 9 9 2 0 7 8 . 3 5 7 5 8 Estimated 5 lakh tonnes of(west) area metal grade bauxite resources withof Mainpat 41 to 54.5% Al2O3 content.Pla teau
Kabirdham Bandhatola 1 :4000 0 . 3 4 - - 4 4 Few occurrences of bauxiteArea were noted in Duldula and
Akaljhari area.
- do - Pondi area1:50,000 151.55 - - 7 4 Pocket deposits of bauxitehaving 33 to 58.8% Al2O3 contentidentified.
State Directorateof Geology &Mining , Maharashtra
Kolhapur Ghungar Area 1 :25000 4 6 1 - - Estimated 2.8 million tonnesTeh. - Sahuwadi bauxite resources and 4 million
tonnes laterite resources.
Commiss ioner o fGeology & Mining ,G u j a r a t
Jamnagar Around village - - 1 9 411.95 - -Bhat ia ,Kalyanpur Taluk
NALCO
Koraput North Block - - - - 8 5 4 7 . 4 8 -Part II and CentralBlock Sector I ofPanchpatmal ibauxite deposit
17-5
BAUXITE
Production of Bauxite 1998-99 to 2007-08
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
24000
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
Year
Prod
uctio
n (T
hous
and
tonn
es)
Gujarat emerged as the leading producingstate accounting for about 54% of the totalproduction. Next in the order of production wereOrissa (20%), Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra( 8 % each), Jharkhand (5%), Madhya Pradesh andTamil Nadu (2% each) and the remaining onepercent was produced by Goa and Karnataka(Tables - 3 to 6).
Mine-head stocks at the end of 2007- 08 were5.4 million tonnes as compared to 2.3 milliontonnes at the beginning of the year. About 94%of total stock was held in Gujarat at the end ofthe year. Out of the total closing stock 75 % wasof grade others
(Table - 7).
The average daily employment of labour inBauxite mines was 8,499 in 2007-08 as against8082 in the previous year. Domestic prices ofbauxite are furnished in Table - 8.
Table - 3 : Principal Producers of Bauxite2007-2008
Name & address of producer State District
National Aluminium Co. Ltd, Orissa KoraputNALCO Bhawan,P/1, Nayapali,Bhubaneswar –751 013,Orissa.
Hindalco Industries Ltd, Chhattisgarh SurgujaCentury Bhawan, Jharkhand GumlaDr. Annie Besant Road,Worli, LohardagaMumbai –400 025 Maharashtra KolhapurMaharashtra.
Prabhu Das Vithal Das Gujarat Jamnagar‘C/O Ashapura Minechem Ltd,Opp. Ashok Petrol Pump,Jamnagar Dwarka Highway,Jam-Khambhalia-361 305,Dist. Jamnagar, Gujarat.
Bombay Minerals Ltd, Gujarat JamnagarDwarka-Jamnagar Highway,Opposite Ashok Petrol Pump,Jam-khambhalia – 361 305,Dist. Jamnagar,Gujarat. (Contd.)
Table - 3 (Concld.)
Name & address of producer State District
Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd. Chhattisgarh KabirdhamBALCO Nagar, Korba – 495 684,Chhattisgarh.
Mineral & Minerals Corporation, Gujarat JamnagarVazir fail. Jamnagar. 361 001,Gujarat.
Gujarat Mineral Dev.Corpn. Ltd. Gujarat KachchhKhanij Bhavan, 132. ft Ring Road.Vastrapur, Ahmedabad.
M/S Carborundum Universal Ltd, Gujarat GujaratJamnagar,Tiam House, 28 Rajaji Road,Chennai.
Smt.Pushpaben P. Makhecha, Gujarat JamnagarMayur Pankh Society, opp.Circuit Villa, Chopati Road,Porbandar – 360 575.
Kantilal M. Mehata Gujarat JamnagarC/o Ashapura Minechem Ltd,Jam – Khambhalia -361 305.
17-6
BAUXITE
Table - 4 : Production of Bauxite, 2005-06 to 2007-08
(By States )
(Quantity in tonnes; value in Rs. '000)
2 0 0 5 - 0 6 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 2007-08(p)
States
Quant i ty Value Quant i ty Value Quant i ty Value
India 12595803 2 9 3 3 2 3 0 15732535 3 8 4 7 8 0 2 23084677 5 2 5 9 3 8 0
Chhatt isgarh 1 3 3 2 1 6 5 3 8 6 0 8 1 1 5 9 2 7 4 5 5 4 8 6 8 7 1 7 4 7 0 9 8 5 2 5 6 3 2
Gujarat 3 1 1 4 3 1 4 5 1 4 8 4 4 5 9 1 4 7 9 2 1 0 1 9 5 1 4 12515094 2 2 7 8 0 8 4
Goa 25923 1 8 0 0 1 1 1 0 9 7 8 3 3 2 1 2 9 2 5 9 9 6 9 4
Jharkhand 1 5 0 8 3 7 0 3 5 7 2 9 5 1 4 2 8 1 5 4 4 3 0 0 4 7 1 2 4 3 1 3 2 3 7 9 6 9 0
Karnataka 72840 9 8 7 9 1 1 0 9 7 1 1 8 2 7 6 1 6 1 5 5 4 2 8 4 2 5
Kerala 9 9 1 5 1 5 9 0 - - - -
Madhya Pradesh 1 0 2 0 7 8 2 4 1 1 4 1 9 6 0 2 4 5 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 5 0 1 1 9 9 6 6
Maharashtra 1 2 5 5 4 4 0 4 7 0 5 4 2 1 3 6 4 5 3 9 4 4 1 7 5 8 1 7 8 5 3 3 0 5 3 1 8 3 0
Orissa 4 8 7 1 1 6 3 1 1 3 3 2 2 0 4 6 7 3 8 8 6 1 2 9 2 5 6 2 4 6 8 5 9 7 3 1 3 4 9 3 9 6
Tamil Nadu 3 0 3 5 9 5 3 3 8 6 5 3 4 0 3 2 7 3 8 1 1 0 3 4 2 6 8 7 3 6 6 6 3
17-7
BAUXITETa
ble
- 5 (A
) : G
rade
wis
e Pr
oduc
tion
of
Bau
xite
, 200
6-07
(By
Sect
ors,
Sta
tes
and
Dis
tric
ts)
(Qty
in
tonn
es;
valu
e in
Rs.
’00
0)
Prod
uctio
n b
y G
rade
s:A
l 203
cont
ent
For
use
ot
her
than
Alu
min
aFo
r u
se i
n A
lum
ina
& A
lum
iniu
m e
xtra
ctio
n&
Alu
min
ium
ext
ract
ion
Tota
lSt
ate/
Dis
tric
tN
o. o
fm
ines
60%
&55
%-
50%
-45
%-
40%
-B
elow
Cem
ent
Abr
asiv
eR
efra
ctor
yO
ther
sQ
uant
ityVa
lue
abov
e60
%55
%50
%45
%40
%
Indi
a19
7(7)
1040
4137
873
151
2620
534
4730
063
5378
716
3127
4057
068
1388
0723
7903
815
7325
3538
4780
2
Publ
ic s
ecto
r12
1007
5605
283
943
4743
246
4676
4-
--
-48
3519
813
1374
8
Priv
ate
sect
or18
510
4040
371
1709
925
3659
146
8263
173
1952
3127
4057
068
1388
0723
7903
810
8973
3725
3405
4
Chh
atti
sgar
h6
--
-99
9265
5934
80-
--
--
1592
745
5486
87
Kaw
ardh
a1
--
-33
1945
--
--
--
3319
4565
393
Surg
uja
5-
--
6673
2059
3480
--
--
-12
6080
048
3294
Goa
2-
--
--
-11
1097
--
-11
1097
8332
Sout
h G
oa2
--
--
--
1110
97-
--
1110
9783
32
Guj
arat
104
1040
4137
858
590
2918
6925
6927
917
6080
2016
4357
068
1388
0723
7903
859
1479
210
1951
4
Am
reli
1-
--
--
8968
4-
--
-89
684
1179
3
Jam
naga
r89
1040
4037
114
727
2855
4625
6182
9-
1571
0656
759
1388
0723
5013
456
0631
995
8806
Juna
garh
1-
--
--
-44
000
--
-44
000
4400
Kac
hchh
7-
1007
4386
30
0-
-30
9-
1610
461
283
1813
1
Khe
da1
--
--
7050
--
--
-70
5087
4
Porb
anda
r4
--
-58
83-
8630
153
7-
-12
800
1055
2125
258
Saba
rkan
tha
1-
--
440
40
095
--
--
935
252
Jhar
khan
d30
--
-89
1487
5366
67-
--
--
1428
154
4300
47
Gum
la18
--
-68
6499
8605
4-
--
--
7725
5327
9617
Loha
rdag
a12
--
-20
4988
4506
13-
--
--
6556
0115
0430
(Con
td.)
17-8
BAUXITE
Kar
nata
ka3
--
1456
117
633
4743
231
345
--
--
1109
7118
276
Bel
gaum
2-
--
--
7859
--
--
7859
747
Sout
h K
anna
d1
--
1456
117
633
4743
223
486
--
--
1031
1217
529
Mad
hya
Prad
esh
39(5
)-
--
6772
064
646
6365
8-
--
-19
6024
5051
6
Jaba
lpur
1-
--
-91
0-
--
-91
022
9
Kat
ni4
--
-13
2838
478
2724
1-
-—
-67
047
1857
2
Rew
a8
--
-34
832
9533
--
-—
4436
511
396
Satn
a23
(5)
--
-31
560
2616
825
974
-—
--
8370
220
319
Sidh
i3
--
--
--
--
--
--
Mah
aras
htra
7-
--
3279
8282
5183
2113
74-
--
-13
6453
944
1758
Kol
hapu
r5
--
-45
717
8251
8321
1374
--
--
1082
274
2385
27
Rat
nagi
ri2
--
-28
2265
--
--
--
2822
6520
3231
Ori
ssa
3(2)
--
-24
578
2252
246
2678
6-
--
-46
7388
612
9256
2
Kor
aput
1-
--
--
4623
278
--
--
4623
278
1264
313
Sund
erga
rh2(
2)-
--
2457
822
522
3508
--
--
5060
828
049
Tam
il N
adu
3-
--
-70
854
2694
73-
--
-34
0327
3811
0
Nam
akka
l2
--
--
4022
915
4117
--
--
1943
4620
738
Sale
m1
--
--
3062
511
5356
--
--
1459
8117
372
Fig
ures
in
pare
nthe
ses
indi
cate
num
ber
of a
ssoc
iate
d m
ines
.
Tabl
e -
5 (A
) (
Con
cld.
)
Prod
uctio
n b
y G
rade
s:A
l 203
cont
ent
For
use
ot
her
than
Alu
min
aFo
r u
se i
n A
lum
ina
& A
lum
iniu
m e
xtra
ctio
n&
Alu
min
ium
ext
ract
ion
Tota
lSt
ate/
Dis
tric
tN
o. o
fm
ines
60%
&55
%-
50%
-45
%-
40%
-B
elow
Cem
ent
Abr
asiv
eR
efra
ctor
yO
ther
sQ
uant
ityVa
lue
abov
e60
%55
%50
%45
%40
%
17-9
BAUXITE
Tabl
e - 5
(B) :
Gra
dew
ise
Prod
ucti
on o
f B
auxi
te, 2
007-
08(p
)(B
y Se
ctor
s, S
tate
s an
d D
istr
icts
)(Q
ty i
n to
nnes
; va
lue
in R
s. ’
000)
Prod
uctio
n b
y G
rade
s:A
l 203
cont
ent
For
use
ot
her
than
Alu
min
aFo
r u
se i
n A
lum
ina
& A
lum
iniu
m e
xtra
ctio
n&
Alu
min
ium
ext
ract
ion
Tota
lSt
ate/
Dis
tric
tN
o. o
fm
ines
60%
&55
%-
50%
-45
%-
40%
-B
elow
Cem
ent
Abr
asiv
eR
efra
ctor
yO
ther
sQ
uant
ityVa
lue
abov
e60
%55
%50
%45
%40
%
Indi
a20
9(5)
0-
3220
6872
2684
2886
345
3917
855
5943
539
1295
554
7961
010
6750
7810
272
2308
4677
5259
380
Publ
ic s
ecto
r16
-10
5148
5094
0322
2478
7299
549
5018
1-
--
-58
6020
516
7579
2
Priv
ate
sect
or19
3-
2169
2021
3281
2663
867
3844
860
9933
5812
9555
479
610
1067
5078
1027
217
2244
7235
8358
8
Chh
atti
sgar
h8
--
-15
6819
316
1523
1738
2-
--
-17
4709
852
5632
Kaw
ardh
a2
--
-48
0845
4777
--
--
-48
5622
9585
4
Surg
uja
6-
--
1087
348
1567
4617
382
--
--
1261
476
4297
78
Goa
2-
--
--
-12
9259
--
-12
9259
9694
Sout
h G
oa2
--
--
--
1292
59-
--
1292
5996
94
Guj
arat
109
-32
2068
7117
1865
123
8572
585
1154
922
7961
010
6750
7753
565
1251
5094
2278
084
Am
reli
1-
--
-11
1407
--
--
-11
1407
3565
0
Jam
naga
r89
-22
9553
--
2263
073
-10
3172
870
709
1067
5077
0052
911
4023
4219
5504
4
Juna
garh
1-
--
--
-50
364
--
-50
364
5036
Kac
hchh
11-
9251
571
1718
500
--
-89
01-
9636
8232
7025
4297
Khe
da1
--
--
1010
0-
--
--
1010
011
11
Porb
anda
r5
--
--
--
7283
0-
-43
400
1162
3026
641
Saba
rkan
tha
1-
--
151
1145
85-
--
-13
8130
5
Jhar
khan
d31
--
1051
4841
2875
0264
-76
89-
--
1243
132
3796
90
Gum
la18
--
-35
1727
3416
10-
--
--
6933
3723
2517
Loha
rdag
a13
--
1051
1324
0140
8654
-76
89-
--
5497
9514
7173
(Con
td.)
17-10
BAUXITE
Kar
nata
ka2
--
2561
537
7299
526
997
--
--
1615
5428
425
Bel
gaum
1-
--
--
4100
--
--
4100
427
Sout
h K
anna
d1
--
2561
537
7299
522
897
--
--
1574
5427
998
Mad
hya
Prad
esh
40(5
)-
--
6689
162
018
3419
5736
84-
--
4745
5011
9966
Jaba
lpur
1-
--
--
320
--
--
320
76
Kat
ni4(
1)-
--
-53
786
1486
5-
--
-68
651
2282
6
Rew
a7
--
-36
002
-10
447
2524
--
-48
973
1145
0
Satn
a24
(4)
--
-30
889
8232
6205
111
60-
--
1023
3223
309
Shah
dol
1-
--
--
2426
00-
--
-24
2600
6112
6
Sidh
i3
--
--
1167
4-
--
-11
674
1179
Mah
aras
htra
11-
-98
9070
4945
4499
1256
3876
--
-56
707
1785
330
5318
30
Kol
hapu
r6
--
9890
3969
7444
9912
5638
76-
--
-14
2065
230
2801
Rai
garh
4-
--
3000
--
--
-56
707
5970
794
50
Rat
nagi
ri1
--
-30
4971
--
--
--
3049
7121
9579
Ori
ssa
3-
--
-94
646
8502
7-
--
-46
8597
313
4939
6
Kor
aput
1-
--
--
4684
684
--
--
4684
684
1348
420
Sund
erga
rh2
--
--
946
343
--
--
1289
976
Tam
il N
adu
3-
--
-34
472
3082
15-
--
-34
2687
3666
3
Nam
akka
l2
--
--
7190
2054
49-
--
-21
2639
2132
4
Sale
m1
--
--
2728
210
2766
--
--
1300
4815
339
Fig
ures
in
pare
nthe
ses
indi
cate
num
ber
of a
ssoc
iate
d m
ines
.
Tabl
e -
5 (B
) (
Con
cld.
)
Prod
uctio
n b
y G
rade
s:A
l 203
cont
ent
For
use
ot
her
than
Alu
min
aFo
r u
se i
n A
lum
ina
& A
lum
iniu
m e
xtra
ctio
n&
Alu
min
ium
ext
ract
ion
Tota
lSt
ate/
Dis
tric
tN
o. o
fm
ines
60%
&55
%-
50%
-45
%-
40%
-B
elow
Cem
ent
Abr
asiv
eR
efra
ctor
yO
ther
sQ
uant
ityVa
lue
abov
e60
%55
%50
%45
%40
%
17-11
BAUXITE
Table - 6 : Production of Bauxite, 2006-07and 2007-08(By Frequency Groups)
(Quantity in tonnes)
No. of mines Production Percentage to Cumulativetotal production percentage
Production group2 0 0 6 - 0 7 2 0 0 7 - 0 8 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 2 0 0 7 - 0 8 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 2 0 0 7 - 0 8 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 2 0 0 7 - 0 8
Total 197(7 ) 209(5 ) 15732535 23084671 1 0 0 1 0 0 - -
Upto 1000 50(3) 51(2) 10393 14948 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6
1001 - 3000 16(2) 20(1) 35290 34027 0 . 2 2 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 1
3001 - 5000 1 0 9 36670 35670 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 6 0 . 5 2 0 . 3 7
5001 - 10000 28(1) 2 1 2 0 4 1 9 9 1 5 7 6 6 4 1 . 3 0 0 . 6 8 1 . 8 2 1 . 0 5
10001 - 25000 33(1) 25(2) 5 4 1 7 4 6 4 3 1 8 3 0 3 . 4 4 1 . 8 7 5 . 2 6 2 . 9 2
25001 - 50000 2 2 2 6 7 4 2 1 6 7 9 2 5 8 9 7 4 . 7 2 4 . 0 1 9 . 9 8 6 . 9 3
50001 and above 3 8 5 7 14162070 21484635 90 .02 93 .07 100 .00 100 .00
Figures in parentheses indicate the number of associated mines.
Table -7 (A) : Mine-head Stocks of Bauxite at the Beginning of the Year, 2007-08(By States & Grades)
(In tonnes)
Stocks by Grades : AL2O3 Content For use other than Alumina &For use in Alumina & Aluminium metal extraction Aluminium metal extraction
State Total60% & 55% - 50% - 45% - 40% - Below Cement Abrasive Refractory Othersabove 60% 55% 50% 45% 40%
India - 102044 162581 169855 737938 94508 182790 15172 17908 822519 2305315
Chhattisgarh - - - 7479 3685 3443 99 - - - 14706
Goa - - - - - - 34282 - - - 34282
Gujarat - 102044 157955 58742 619266 2670 148292 15172 16835 822519 1943495
Jharkhand - - 3792 - 73947 6193 117 - - - 84049
Karnataka - - - - - 14961 - - - - 14961
Kerala - - - - - 71 - - - - 71
Madhya Pradesh - - 3190 1180 14765 23321 - - 1073 - 43529
Maharashtra - - 1436 74698 4565 19488 - - - - 100187
Orissa - - - 23964 13925 8568 - - - - 46457
Tamil Nadu - - - - 7785 15793 - - - - 23578
17-12
BAUXITE
Table - 8 : Prices of Bauxite, 2005-06 to 2007-08(Domestic Markets)
(In Rs. per tonne)
Grade Marke t 2 0 0 5 - 0 6 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 2007-08(p)
40% to 45% Ex-mine Palakhada (Gujarat) 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 5 5
45% to 50% Ex-mine Palakhada (Gujarat) 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 5 5
Non-p lan t Ex-mine Vastrapur (Gujarat) 3 6 5 3 6 5 3 6 5
Metal Grade Ex-mine Lohardaga (Jharkhand) 2 4 5 349 .25 349 .25
Metal Grade Ex-mine Lohardaga (Jharkhand) 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0
Grade (Al2O3 45% to 50%) Ex-mine Lohardaga (Jharkhand) 254 .48 349 .25 -
Grade (Al2O3 40% to 45%) Ex-mine Lohardaga (Jharkhand) - - 484 .81
Metal Grade Ex-mine Barima Mainpat (Chhattisgarh) 173 .25 - 263 .12
42-45% Al2O3 f.o.r. Barbil (Orissa) 501 533 -
Table -7 (B) : Mine-head Stocks of Bauxite at the end of the Year, 2007-08 (p)(By States & Grades)
(In tonnes)
Stocks by Grades : AL2O3 Content for use in For use other than Alumina &Alumina & Aluminium metal extraction Aluminium metal extraction
State Total55% - 50% - 45% - 40% - Below Cement Abrasive Refractory Others60% 55% 50% 45% 40%
India 90499 358403 77180 131940 86437 587109 2482 11150 4021593 5366793
Chhattisgarh - - 1758 1173 - - - - - 2931
Gujarat 90499 357423 - 54498 53 585508 2482 11150 3941661 5043274
Jharkhand - - 8054 22557 - - - - - 30611
Karnataka - - 9716 26422 7630 - - - - 43768
Kerala - - - - 71 - - - - 71
Madhya Pradesh - - 201 10080 59438 1601 - - - 71320
Maharashtra - 980 34244 2837 235 - - - 79932 118228
Orissa - - 23207 6552 8632 - - - - 38391
Tamil Nadu - - - 7821 10378 - - - - 18199
17-13
BAUXITE
MINING & TRANSPORTThe mining of bauxite is carried out by
opencast method. The mines are classified in thefollowing three categories depending upon thelevel of mechanisation.
(i) Manually-operated mines;(ii) Semi-mechanised mines;(iii) Mechanised mines.
Manually-operated MinesMany bauxite mines are small, producing less
than 25,000 tpy. The entire work of overburdenremoval, extraction of bauxite and loading ofbauxite in trucks is carried out manually and thebauxite is transported to respective railway sidingor plants by road.
Semi-mechanised MinesIn semi-mechanised mines, mining operations
are carried out by Jackhammer dril l ing andnormally ANFO mixture is used as an explosivefor blasting in mineralised zone as well as inoverburden, if required. Loading of mineral totrucks or dumpers is done by payloaders ormanually. Since bauxite occurs as small lenses orpockets of boulders or as segregations in murrumand laterite, it is difficult to mechanise the miningoperations.
Mechanised MinesMechanised mining operations are carried out
in a few captive mines of the alumina/aluminiumplants. In these mines, use of compressed-airdrills for drilling blastholes is made. Sometimes,compressed-air jackhammer drills are also used fordrilling blastholes for secondary blasting ofboulders and also in toe drilling in irregularbauxite faces which result due to improperfragmentation of bauxite. The blasted overburden/ore mate r ia l s a re handled and t ranspor tedseparately by using shovels or excavators andtrucks/dumpers. Separate benches are maintainedfor the overburden and ores. The height ofbenches in ore varies from 1.5 to 7.5 m. Hindalcohas done away with drilling and blasting at its
Durgmanwadi mines in Maharashtra by usingstate-of-the-art ripper dozer which is regarded as"Miner's Plough". A ripper dozer silently ploughsthe mine surface to extract the mineral. It hastotally eliminated the ground vibrations and airpollution normally caused by dust, gases andnoise.
In Bagru Hill mines of Hindalco in Jharkhand,the blasted bauxite is transported with the helpof dumpers to the crusher. The 4-inch crushedbauxite is then transported to Lohardaga railwaystation by a monocable aerial ropeway.
BALCO also has monocable ropeway fortransporting bauxite from its captive mines to thealumina plant at Korba in Chhattisgarh.
Computerised mine planning, use of mobilecrusher, simultaneous land reclamation, restrictingoperations to small portions of mining area at atime, etc. have greatly helped in conserving energyand faster land rehabilitation.
In NALCO, the mechanised 'Trenchmethod ' of opencast mining is adopted. Inthis method, a pilot trench is driven throughthe mid deposi t and several other t renchesare opened on both the sides in a staggeredpattern exposing and creating more numberof work ing f ron ts . The fe r t i l e top so i l i spreserved by dozing aside and hard laterite of3-m th ickness i s d r i l l ed and b las ted . Theoverburden is removed using higher capacitymobile equipment like dumpers and wheel loadersto expose the bauxite bed.
The top slice of bauxite, having 8-10 mthickness, is loosened by drilling and blasting andthe bauxite of 3-4 m thickness at the bottomcontact is removed selectively using backhoeshovels. The mine of 2.4 million tpy bauxiteproduc t ion capac i ty has , a f te r expans ion ,achieved overall capacity of 4.8 million tonnes.Accordingly, higher capacity mobile equipmentlike dumpers, wheel loaders, ripper dozers andfaster drills have been introduced. NALCO isplanning further to increase bauxite miningcapacity to 6.3 million tonnes under 2nd phaseexpansion.
17-14
BAUXITE
CONSUMPTIONIn 2007-08, reported consumption of bauxite
increased to 10.63 million tonnes from 10.38 milliontonnes in the previous year. Alumina/aluminiumindustry was the principal consumer of bauxite,accounting for 91% consumption in 2007-08 followedby cement (6%) and refractory (2%) (Table -9).
Gujarat was the main supplier of chemical,abrasive and refractory grade bauxite. Aluminaplants draw supplies mostly from their captivemines as given in Table - 10.
Table - 9 : Reported Consumption of Bauxite*, 2005-06 to 2007-08(By Industries)
(In tonnes)
Industry 2005-06 (R) 2006-07 2007-08 (p)
All Industr ies 11301100 10382100 10627600
Abrasives 4 2 0 0 (5 ) 4 2 0 0 (5 ) 4 2 0 0 (5 )
Alumina1/ 10469700 (4 ) 9 3 7 0 3 0 0 (4 ) 9 6 8 8 2 0 0 (4 )
Cement 5 1 6 4 0 0 ( 2 4 ) 6 9 3 4 0 0 ( 2 4 ) 6 1 4 2 0 0 ( 2 4 )
Ceramic 1 0 0 (3 ) 1 0 0 (3 ) 1 0 0 (3 )
Chemical 6 8 0 0 (3 ) 6 8 0 0 (3 ) 6 5 0 0 (3 )
Ferro-alloys 4 9 0 0 (3 ) 7 6 0 0 (3 ) 13500 (3 )
Fertilizer 18200 (2 ) 18200 (2 ) 18200 (2 )
Iron & steel 1 2 0 0 (7 ) 1 2 0 0 (7 ) 1 2 0 0 (7 )
Refractory 2/ 2 7 9 6 0 0 ( 5 6 ) 2 8 0 3 0 0 ( 5 8 ) 2 8 1 5 0 0 ( 5 8 )
Figures rounded off. Data collected on non-statutory basis.Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised sector reporting consumption.
* Exc ludes indus t r ia l end-use consumpt ion o f la te r i t e wh ich was 1 ,975 ,411 tonnes , 2 ,183 ,316 tonnes and2,429,372 tonnes during 2005-06, 2006-07 and 2007-08, respectively.
1 / Includes about 6,768 thousand tonnes, 8,453 thousand tonnes and 9,504 thousand tonnes bauxite equivalent ofa lumina es t imated to have been consumed in the product ion o f a luminium meta l in 2005-06 , 2006-07 and2007-08, respectively.
2 / Includes consumption of calcined bauxite.
USES & SPECIFICATIONSAluminium industry normally uses bauxite
containing minimum 58% Al2O3. However,slightly inferior grades with a suitable blend arealso used, depending upon other characteristics,such as solubility in caustic soda and absence ofsilica. The IS : 5953-1985 (Reaffirmed 2003)specifications for metallurgical grade bauxite aregiven in Table-11.
17-15
BAUXITE
Table - 11 : Specifications for Metallurgical Grade Bauxite(IS : 5953-1985; Reaffirmed 2003)
( In % by weight)
Constituent Gr. I Gr. II *(essentially gibbsite or trihydrate) (mixture of gibbsite, boehmite and
diaspore or trihydrate & monohydrate)
Total Al2O3, min 4 0 4 7Total available alumina, min 3 6 4 3Total SiO 2, max 4 4Module Al2O3/SiO 2, min 1 2 1 2Fe2O3 / TiO2, max 3 0 3 0P2O5, max 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0V2O5, max 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0Loss on ignition at 1100oC 2 0 2 0
* Normally, 1 to 20% diaspore and 5 to 7% boehmite.
Table - 10 : Domestic Sources of Supplies of Bauxite to Alumina Plants
Producer P lan t Source of supply
NALCO Damanjodi, Koraput (Orissa) Captive mines at Panchpatmali Hills, Koraput dist., Orissa.
BALCO Korba (Chhattisgarh) Captive mines in Surguja & Bodai-Daldali in Kawardha (Kabirdham) districts Chhattisgarh.
Hindalco Renukoot (Uttar Pradesh) Captive mines in Shahdol dist., Madhya Pradesh, Gumla andLohardaga dist., Jharkhand and Surguja dist. in Chhattisgarhand other suppliers in Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand;Katni Bauxite Pvt. Ltd, Satna, Laxmidasji Ramji, Katni,Minerals & Minerals Corp., Gujarat.
Belgaum (Karnataka) Captive mines in Chandgad and Durgmanwadi, KolhapurMuri, Ranchi (Jharkhand) dist. Maharashtra and Lohardaga dist., Jharkhand.
MALCO Mettur (Tamil Nadu) Captive mines at Yercaud and Kolli, Salem dist. Tamil Nadu.
In steel industry, bauxite is used as a slagcorrector in place of fluorspar. Steel industryconsumes bauxite, containing 45 to 54% Al2O3 and5% SiO2 (max). Size preference is 25 to 125 mmwith a tolerance of 5% (max) for -25 mm and+100 mm fractions.
The BIS has p resc r ibed the fo l lowingspecifications for bauxite in refractory industry(Table-12).
Table - 12 : IS Specifications of Bauxite forRefractory Industry
(IS : 10817-1984; Reaffirmed 2000)
Const i tuent P e r c e n t
Al2O3 58 minFe2O3 3 maxTiO 2 3 maxCaO 0.5 to 0.6LOI 27 to 30
The refractory manufacturers use bauxite ofthe following specifications:
Specifications of Bauxite used byRefractory Industry
Const i tuent P e r c e n t
Al2O3 55-60
Fe2O3 4 - 6
TiO 2 5 - 8
SiO2 2
Others 25 -40
PCE 33-36 (Ortan)
The IS spec i f ica t ions o f bauxi te fo rconsumption in chemical and petroleum industriesare given in Table - 13.
17-16
BAUXITE
Table - 13 : IS Specifications of Bauxite forChemical and Petroleum Industries
(IS : 3605-1984; Reaffirmed 2003)
Constituent Requirement
Alumina (as Al2O3), % by mass, min 58.0
Silica (as SiO2), % by mass, max 3.0
Iron oxide (as Fe2O3), % by mass, max 2.0
Titania (as TiO2), % by mass, max 4.0
Phosphorus pentoxide (as P2O5), % by mass, max 0.3
Manganese dioxide (as MnO), % by mass, max 0.1
Calcium and magnesium (as CaO), % by mass, max 2.0
Loss on ignition, % by mass, max 32.0
Apart from the chemical specifications, thephysical requirements are that the material passingthrough 90-micron IS sieve but retained on212-micron IS sieve should be 90% max, thatpassing through 300-micron IS sieve shall be 1%by mass max and that passing through 212- micronIS sieve but retained on 300-micron IS sieve shouldbe 10% maximum.
SUBSTITUTIONThere i s no subs t i tu te o f bauxi te fo r
aluminium metal extraction on a large scale.However, calcined clay can be substituted forrefractory bauxite but only with reduction in lengthof time and stock resistance. Sillimanite, alumina,silicon carbide, magnesite-chromite and carbon-magnesite refractories are the alternatives forhigh-alumina material but at higher cost. Siliconcarbide and diamonds can substitute for fusedaluminium oxide in abrasive use but again at highercost. Synthetic mullite substitutes for bauxite-based refractories. Silicon carbide and alumina-zirconia are costlier substitutes for bauxite-basedabrasives.
TRADE POLICYAs per the Fore ign Trade Pol icy fo r
2004-2009, and policy on export and importeffective from 01.04.2008, exports and imports ofbauxite are permitted freely.
WORLD REVIEWThe bauxite reserve base is estimated at
32,000 million tonnes, located mainly in Guinea(27%), Australia (25%), Brazil and Jamaica (8%each), China (7%) and India (4%). Countrywisereserve base of bauxite is given in Table - 14.
The wor ld p roduc t ion of bauxi te wasestimated at 213 million tonnes in 2007. Australiacontinued to be the major producer accountingfor 29% share in total production, followed byBrazil (12%), India (11%), China (10%), Guinea(9%), and Jamaica (7%) (Table -15).
Table - 14 : World Resources of Bauxite(By Principal Countries)
(In '000 tonnes)
Count ry Reserve base
World : Total 32000000
Australia 7 9 0 0 0 0 0
Brazil 2 5 0 0 0 0 0
China 2 3 0 0 0 0 0
Greece 6 5 0 0 0 0
Guinea 8 6 0 0 0 0 0
Guyana 9 0 0 0 0 0
India* 1 4 0 0 0 0 0
Jamaica 2 5 0 0 0 0 0
Kazakhstan 4 5 0 0 0 0
Russia 2 5 0 0 0 0
Suriname 6 0 0 0 0 0
USA 40000
Venezuela 3 5 0 0 0 0
Other countries 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2008.* However, the total resources of bauxite as per UNFC
System as on 01.04.2005 are estimated at 3,290million tonnes.
17-17
BAUXITE
Table - 15 : World Production of Bauxite(By Principal Countries)
(In '000 tonnes)
Count ry 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7
World: Total 1 7 8 0 0 0 1 9 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 0Australia 59959 61781 62428
Brazil 22365 23236 25461
China 17408 18982 21600(e)
Greece 2 4 4 1 2 1 6 3 2220(e)
Guinea 19237 18184 18519
Guyana 1 6 9 4 1 4 7 9 2 2 4 9
India* 12596 15661 22999
Jamaica 14116 14865 14568
Kazakhstan 4 8 1 5 4 8 8 4 4 9 6 3
Russia 6 4 0 9 6 3 9 9 6 0 5 4
Suriname 4 7 5 7 4 9 4 5 5 2 7 3
Venezuela 5 9 0 0 5 9 2 8 5000(e)
Other countries 6 3 0 3 14493 21666
Source: World Mineral production, 2003-2007.* India's production of bauxite during 2005-06, 2006-07 and 2007-08 was 12,596 thousand tonnes, 15,733
thousand tonnes and 23,085 thousand tonnes, respectively.
AustraliaSince over three decades, Australia continued
to be the leader in the production of bauxitewi th 61.8 mi l l ion tonnes product ion. Theproduction was mainly from five mines namelyHunt ly, Weipa , Gove , Wi l lowdale and Mt .Saddleback. Huntly was the single largest minein the world with 18 million tonnes production in2006. The expansion of Huntly and Weipa hasresulted in increase in Australian production. TheGovernment of Queensland chose AluminiumCorporatin of China Ltd (Chalco) to develop 650million tonnes Aurukun bauxite deposit on CapeYork Peninsula. The production from this depositis expected in 2011. Australia has six aluminarefineries and six aluminium smelters.
BrazilBrazil, the second largest producer of bauxite,
recorded production at about 23.8 million tonnesin 2006. The Trombetas mine in Amazonasaccounted for about 81% of the total productionof Mineracao Rio do Norte (MRN) which is a jointventure company. The production is expected toincrease significantly in the next few years as a
number of new mine project is underway. TheParagominas bauxite mine capacity will be raisedto 9.9 million tonnes per year by 2008. The minewill supply feed for expansion of Alunorte'salumina refinery.
ChinaAlmost all production of bauxite came from
mines owned and operated by China AluminiumCorp. ( Chalco). The majority of bauxite depositsare diasporic in nature with high silica to aluminaratios. Chinese refineries predominantly use acombined Bayer-Sinter process. Chalco intendsto add 3-5 million tonnes per year alumina capacityby 2010.
GuineaGuinea is the thi rd largest producer of
bauxite.There are three principal producers CBG,ACG and CBK. The Government has formedAlumina Co. of Guinea (ACG) to operate the 2.3million tpy Fria bauxite mine captive to its aluminarefinery. The Russian Aluminium CompanyRUSAL took a majority stake in ACG and operatesthe Fria Kimbo bauxite mine. Boke' Complex is the
17-18
BAUXITE
larges t min ing a rea p roduc ing about71% of country's output and Mt. Sangaredi is thelargest mine in the Boke' Complex. The Govermentof Guinea reached an agreement with Halco toallow Global Alumina access to concessions inBoke region. Bauxite will be supplied to its 3million tonnes per year greenfield alumina refinery.
JamaicaJamaica reported the highest production at
about 15 million tonnes of bauxite in 32 years.Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Co (KJBC) jointly ownedby Kaiser Aluminium and Government of Jamaica,operates its bauxite mine on the North Coast. Themine has a capacity of 4.5 million tonnes bauxiteper annum. Mines expansion is gonig on andoutput is expected to increase in the next fewyears.
VenenzuelaThe entire production at about 5.5 million
tonnes comes from CVG Bauxilum's Los Pijiguaosmining complex.
Table - 16 : Exports of Bauxite(By Countries)
2006-07 2007-08Country
Qty Value Qty Value(t) (Rs.’000) (t) (Rs.’000)
All Countries 5073894 7422155 7120899 11792383
China 1280489 1884537 3640291 5850423
Chinese Taipei/Taiwan 713095 1218839 1082521 2155556
Georgia 382581 432061 635589 1019304
UAE 291208 274975 424587 486931
Saudi Arabia 586840 1155078 385243 470981
Bangladesh 140491 188375 189751 450944
Kuwait 133071 165564 93684 258668
Japan 189458 311913 100160 152505
Romania 207662 270729 2000 19470
Unspecified 266350 402114 361294 522204
Other countries 882649 1117970 205779 405397
Table - 17 : Imports of Bauxite(By Countries)
2006-07 2007-08Country
Qty Value Qty Value(t) (Rs.’000) (t) (Rs.’000)
All Countries 47138 403707 122911 873447China 46777 391134 80462 733964Australia - - 41681 131847Netherlands 178 3185 180 3473Pakistan - - 424 2095Germany - - 97 855Guyana - - 21 336France - - 24 318UK - - 19 305USA 182 9339 2 212Japan - - 1 37Other countries 1 49 ++ 5
FUTURE OUTLOOKThe country has large resources of bauxite,
occupying the sixth place in the world total resources.The resources of metallurgical grade bauxite are quiteadequate while those of the chemical and refractorygrade bauxite are relatively limited considering thefuture requirements. With the abundance of bauxiteresources, Eastern Ghat region of Orissa and AndhraPradesh are likely to be the hubs for bauxite miningactivities in future. In view of the abundance ofmetallurgical grade resources, there is scope forincreasing mining of bauxite of this grade withimplementation of Mega Projects. The refractory andchemical grade bauxite can be preserved for future use.
FOREIGN TRADEExports
Exports of bauxite increased substantially to 7.12million tonnes in 2007-08 from 5.07 million tonnes in2006-07. Exports were mainly to China (51%)followed by Chinese Taipei/Taiwan (15%), Georgia(9%) UAE (6%) and Saudi Arabia (5%) (Table - 16).
ImportsIn 2007-08, imports of bauxite also increased
substantially to 122,911 tonnes from 47,138 tonnesin the previous year. Imports were mostly fromChina and Australia (Table - 17).