BATTLES OF THE CIVIL BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WARWAR

Mrs. WilliamsonMrs. Williamson

Fort Sumter-Fort Sumter-

South Carolina fort on South Carolina fort on Charlestown Harbor, Charlestown Harbor, originally Union fort until originally Union fort until April 1861. Confederates April 1861. Confederates ask for fort to be turned ask for fort to be turned over and after Major over and after Major Robert Anderson refuses Robert Anderson refuses to give in to the Rebels, to give in to the Rebels, they open fire. Anderson they open fire. Anderson surrenders the fort.surrenders the fort.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter

http://www.nps.gov/fosu/index.htm

First Battle of Bull Run-First Battle of Bull Run- Also Also known as Manassas (by the known as Manassas (by the South) in Virginia. On route to South) in Virginia. On route to Richmond, Union meets the Richmond, Union meets the Confederacy in July 1861 outside Confederacy in July 1861 outside of Washington D.C. Irvin of Washington D.C. Irvin McDowell launches the attack McDowell launches the attack against PGT Beauregard, but the against PGT Beauregard, but the union ends up retreating.union ends up retreating.

This battle shows that the war will This battle shows that the war will be long! be long!

http://www.nps.gov/mana/index.htm

Monitor vs Merrimack

Also known as the Battle of Also known as the Battle of Hampton Roads, The Hampton Roads, The Merrimack (CSS Virginia) Merrimack (CSS Virginia) sails out of Norfolk to attack sails out of Norfolk to attack the Union fleet off of the coast the Union fleet off of the coast of Virginia. The CSS Virginia of Virginia. The CSS Virginia hits and damages many US hits and damages many US vessels and on the second vessels and on the second day, it encounters the USS day, it encounters the USS Monitor. Monitor.

Both sides claim victory, Both sides claim victory, although neither side suffers although neither side suffers damage.damage.

http://americancivilwar.com/monitor.html

Shiloh (Shiloh (AKA: Pittsburg AKA: Pittsburg Landing)Landing)

April 6-7, 1862April 6-7, 1862

Ulysses S. Grant launches a Ulysses S. Grant launches a surprise attack on surprise attack on Confederate troops led by Confederate troops led by Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard. Although the Beauregard. Although the Union suffers the first day, Union suffers the first day, they are able to survive the they are able to survive the “Hornet’s Nest” and win the “Hornet’s Nest” and win the battle.battle.

Peninsular CampaignPeninsular CampaignMcClellan launches this invasion to McClellan launches this invasion to

capture the capital of Richmond. He capture the capital of Richmond. He wants to go up the James and York wants to go up the James and York Rivers, but he is met by Rivers, but he is met by Confederate Joseph Johnston. Confederate Joseph Johnston.

The Confeds confuse the McClellan at The Confeds confuse the McClellan at Yorktown, so McClellan hesitates to Yorktown, so McClellan hesitates to attack (it takes a month). They meet attack (it takes a month). They meet at the Battle of Seven Pines (or Fair at the Battle of Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks), and both sides suffer Oaks), and both sides suffer casualties. The battle is casualties. The battle is inconclusive.inconclusive.

Johnston is replaced by Lee, who Johnston is replaced by Lee, who beats McClellan at the Seven Days beats McClellan at the Seven Days Battle (June 25-July 1), which ends Battle (June 25-July 1), which ends the campaign.the campaign. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_campaign

AntietamAntietam- - Lee VS. McClellan, Lee VS. McClellan, September 17, 1862; First September 17, 1862; First attempt by the Confederacy to attempt by the Confederacy to march on northern soil. More march on northern soil. More than 23,000 KIA or WIA. Lee than 23,000 KIA or WIA. Lee dares McClellan to attack the dares McClellan to attack the next day, but doesn’t. It is next day, but doesn’t. It is recorded as a Union victory, recorded as a Union victory, but perhaps the rebels would but perhaps the rebels would have won the battle if Lee’s have won the battle if Lee’s messenger did not lose his messenger did not lose his battle plans. This was the battle plans. This was the single most bloodiest day of the single most bloodiest day of the entire war.entire war.

FredericksburgFredericksburgAmbrose Burnside takes over command of Ambrose Burnside takes over command of the Union and plans to take Richmond by the Union and plans to take Richmond by crossing the Rappahonnock River at crossing the Rappahonnock River at Fredericksburg, VA. Fredericksburg, VA. The Union troops have to run across a ½ The Union troops have to run across a ½ mile of open fields and a stone fence. Once mile of open fields and a stone fence. Once they get near Lee and Longstreet, the Union they get near Lee and Longstreet, the Union charge up Marye’s Heights (hill), but are charge up Marye’s Heights (hill), but are not successful. Lee stays in Fredericksburg.not successful. Lee stays in Fredericksburg.

At night, the wounded froze to deathAt night, the wounded froze to death..ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville

Joseph Hooker takes over command of the Joseph Hooker takes over command of the Union forces. His plan is to cut off Lee’s Union forces. His plan is to cut off Lee’s supply lines. While Hooker is preparing, the supply lines. While Hooker is preparing, the Confederates attack- apparently, Hooker Confederates attack- apparently, Hooker just starred like a “frozen fox.”just starred like a “frozen fox.”Lee’s Greatest Victory, despite losing Lee’s Greatest Victory, despite losing Jackson.Jackson.

Gettysburg: Gettysburg:

Major Turning Point in Major Turning Point in the War! the War!

Lee’s second invasion in Lee’s second invasion in July 1863. Right before July 1863. Right before the battle, George the battle, George Meade is appointed Meade is appointed commander of the commander of the Union forces. Lee, Union forces. Lee, Longstreet, and Pickett Longstreet, and Pickett suffer a major loss after suffer a major loss after three days of battle.three days of battle.

VicksburgVicksburg

During same time as Gettysburg, near the During same time as Gettysburg, near the Mississippi River. Union wants Vicksburg to Mississippi River. Union wants Vicksburg to hold both ends of the Mississippi River. This hold both ends of the Mississippi River. This would split the Confederacy in two! If they would split the Confederacy in two! If they could take it, the Union could shell boats and could take it, the Union could shell boats and supplies carried from New Orleans and supplies carried from New Orleans and Memphis. Early in 1863, Grant tries to isolate Memphis. Early in 1863, Grant tries to isolate then siege the city. After 17 days, Grant is able then siege the city. After 17 days, Grant is able to take the city.to take the city.

PetersburgPetersburgLast great campaign; Grant laid Last great campaign; Grant laid

siege to the city for nine long siege to the city for nine long months and each side attacked months and each side attacked one another daily. Although one another daily. Although both sides suffered, the both sides suffered, the Confederates were not able to Confederates were not able to replace their supplies, which replace their supplies, which caused them to surrender. Lee caused them to surrender. Lee and his men abandoned the city and his men abandoned the city and marched across the and marched across the Appomattox River, thus ending Appomattox River, thus ending the war.the war.