Battle of Ypres
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Transcript of Battle of Ypres
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Battle of Ypres
Eric Zeng, Cassidy Daugherty, Arian Hafezi, Vanessa Ma
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ThesisDespite the introduction of widespread chemical warfare during the Battle of Ypres, strong defense against the German Empire resulted in the protection of the city and victory for the Allies.
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Background ★ German fail at Battle of Marne/Allied counterattacks →
Race to the Sea ★ Ypres = key site for protection of channel seaports
in the Race ★ Esp. important to Belgians - last portion of land under
its sovereignty. Belgian-English alliance remember★ Trench Warfare ★ By October 1914, the Allies had reached Nieuport on
the North Sea Coast★ German army to capture Antwerp
○ Force Belgian defenders to retreat to Nieuport, near Ypres.
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First Battle of Ypres - 1914★ Race to the sea: German vs. Allied Forces as they all try to secure N. France’s ports
★ Germany uses the German Fourth Army, aka Kinder Corps (kinder = children) - majority of soldiers = young, inexperienced volunteers between ages 17-19
★ Sub-battles (Langemarck, Gheluvelt, Nonnebosschen) = heavy losses for Germans, less for British/Allies
★ Encountered well-trained British Expeditionary Force
★ Allied (France, UK, Belgium) victory
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Hill 60 ★ Everyone wanted Hill 60
★ Strategic geographical position - overlooked Ypres / all the roads around it
★ British take initially take Hill 60
★ Taken by Germans during First Battle of Ypres
★ Both sides accuse the other of using gas attacks
★ Finally retaken by Allies in 1918
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Second Battle of Ypres - 1915 ★ The British took advantage of the winter season for
warfare.
★ Massive German offensive attack
★ There were two new forms of warfare:
○ Chlorine Gas: Signaled the beginning
○ Flamethrowers: “Liquid Fire”
★ British/Canadians held the line against Germans,
despite gas attacks
★ Essentially a stalemate
★ Main players: French/British Empire, Belgium vs.
German Empire
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Third Battle of Ypres - 1917★ American entrance into WWI hastens German defeat
★ AKA Battle of Passchendaele
★ Passchendaele = part of vital supply system for German Fourth Army
★ Lots of planning by British → blowing up 19 mines to hinder Germans
★ Heavy losses for Germans, few casualties for Allies
★ Tactical Allied (British Empire, France, Belgium) victory
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Fourth Battle of Ypres - 1918★ Begins with German offense
★ Hoped to obliterate Allied forces before the arrival of Americans
★ British on defense, Germans captured several cities
★ Allies close to losing, a retreat allowed them to regroup at St. Omer
★ Messines and Passchendaele eventually retaken by British/Allies
★ Ypres was not captured
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Fun Facts★ Second Battle of Ypres = “Canada’s Baptism of Fire”/coming of age battle
★ Hitler was a corporal in the German army during the First Battle of Ypres
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Works Cited (ish)http://www.greatwar.co.uk/ypres-salient/battles-ypres-salient.htm
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_ypres.htm
http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/ypres1.htm
http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~dccfarr/summary.htm
http://www.amazon.ca/Baptism-Fire-Second-Battle-Forging-ebook/dp/B00563K3B2