GFM Series

Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Battery

Operation and Maintenance

Version 1.0

ZTE CORPORATION

ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China518057

Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830 Fax: (86) 755 26772236URL: http://support.zte.com.cn E-mail: doc@zte.com.cn

Operation and Maintenance

The content of this chapter is as follows:

Operation of GFM battery;

Routine maintenance of GFM battery;

Troubleshooting of GFM battery.

Operation

Operation Precautions

The precautions for battery operation are as follows:

1. Be cautious against short circuit.

2. Re-charge the batteries before use.

3. Do not open the safety valve.

4. Keep the batteries clean.

5. Charge the batteries periodically during a long period of storage.

6. Do not use the batteries to provide power if they are not re-charged after discharge.

7. Use batteries of the same type in one battery string.

8. Do not connect the battery strings of different rated capacity in parallel.

Charge

Charge classification:

There are two charge modes for batteries: floating charge and equalized charge.

Floating charge: When battery has been fully charged, the charger still charges battery with a constant floating charge voltage and small floating charge current. The battery will be discharged naturally if the charger stops working; floating charge serves to supplement the energy loss.

Equalized charge: The charger charges battery in a short time with set charge current and set charge time. During battery maintenance, equalized charge is usually used. The charge mode is helpful to activate the chemical characteristics of battery.

Charge parameters

The charge parameters are described in Table 8.

T AB L E 1 CH AR G E P AR AM E T E R S

ParameterCharging ModeRemark

Floating ChargeEqualized Charge

Thevoltages areaverage

Charging(2.23~2.27)(2.23~2.27) V/batteryvoltagesbetweenpositive

voltageV/batteryterminalandnegative

terminal at 25C.

Max. charging0.20 C10 (A)0.20 C10 (A)-

current (A)

If the temperature is out of

therange: 20C~ 30C,

Temperaturethefloatchargingvoltage

compensation3 mV/C3 mV/Cfalls 3 mV when temperature

coefficientrises 1C; the float charging

voltage rises 3 mV when the

temperature falls 1C.

The precondition for equalized charge:

The batteries should be charged before first use. The batteries switch to float charging mode when the equalized charging current is less than 10 mA/Ah. The floating charge time is no shorter than 24 hours.

During service, the batteries switch to equalized charging mode when the float charging voltage of single battery is less than 2.18 V. The equalized charge time is within the range: 8 hours ~ 10 hours. Batteries should be recharged periodically if the mains supply is cut off frequently.

Equalized charge should be started when there is any inferior battery. An inferior battery refers to a single battery whose final voltage is lower than 1.80 V after 5-hour discharge with a discharging current of 0.10 C10 (A).

After accidental discharge and regular capacity detection, equalized charge should be started. The capacity to be charged should be no less than 120% of discharged capacity.

Appendix A - Operation and Maintenance

Capacity Detection

1. Equalized charge should be finished before capacity detection.

2. If the float charging current is 1 mA/Ah ~ 2 mA/Ah, and it remains a stable value for 2 ~ 3 hours continuously after equalized charge switches to floating charge, it indicates that batteries have been fully charged. Only if floating charge goes on 24 hours and the power has been cut off for over 1 hour, capacity detection can be carried out.

The capacity detection criteria are listed in Table 9.

T AB L E 2 C AP AC I T Y D E T E C T I O N CR I T E R I A

DischargeDischarging CurrentFinal VoltageCapacity Detection

Rate(A)(V/battery)Criterion

10 h1.0 I101.80 1.00 C10

5 h1.6 I101.80 0.80 C10

3 h2.5 I101.80 0.75 C10

1 h5.5 I101.75 0.55 C10

In Table 9, I10 is the discharging current with the discharge rate of10 h, and

I10 is equal to 0.10 C10.

When batteries are connected in parallel, the rated capacity (C10) is the sum of all paralleled batteries.

Caution:

The voltage of single battery should not be lower than the final voltages listed in Table 9.

3. Batteries should be recharged within 8 hours after discharge; the charging mode automatically switches to float charging mode when the equalized charge current is less than 10 mA/Ah. If the float charging current is 1 mA/Ah ~ 2 mA/Ah, and it remains a stable value for 2 ~ 3 hours continuously after equalized charge switches to floating charge, it indicates that batteries have been fully charged. After that, float charging mode should last over 24 hours.

Discharge

Three ways are available to control discharge depth:

To control discharge depth by discharge time: The product of discharge time and load current should be no more than 0.80 C10 (Ah).

To control discharge depth by discharge capacity: The discharge capacity should be set no more than 0.80 C10 (Ah).

To control discharge depth by final voltage: to avoid over-discharge by setting 1st shut-down voltage and 2nd shut-down voltage.

Parameter of Communication Power Supply System

The parameters of communication power supply system to control batteries should be set according to load current.

The 1st shut-down voltage and the 2nd shut-down voltage should be set according to Table 10.

T AB L E 3 1 S T S H U T - D O W N V O L T AG E AN D 2 N D S H U T - D O W N V O L T AG E

Ratio of1st Shut-down Voltage (V)2nd Shut-down Voltage (V)

Load Current

Single BatteryBattery StringSingle BatteryBattery String

to I10

6/61.9045.61.8845.0

5/61.9546.81.9346.3

2/31.9647.01.9446.5

1/21.9747.31.9546.8

1/31.9847.51.9647.0

1/61.9847.51.9647.0

Other related parameters of communication power supply system should be set according to Table 11.

T AB L E 4 P AR AM E T E R S O F C O M M U N I C AT I O N P O W E R S U P P L Y S YS T E M

ItemStipulated ValueParameter Value/Description

Float charging voltage2.23 V ~ 2.27 V(2.23~2.27) V/battery

Equalizedcharging2.30 V ~ 2.38 V(2.30~2.38) V/battery

voltage

Charge current limited0.20 C10 (A)0.20 C10 (A)

Upper voltage alarm57 V57 V

threshold

Lower voltage alarm45 V45 V

threshold

Temperature

compensation coefficient3 mV/C3 mV/C

of each battery

Battery over35C35C

temperature

LVDS Deviation Voltage44 V44 V

LVDS Reposition Voltage47 V47 V

Equalized charge period720 h6 months usually for batteries in

equipment room

Periodical equalized1 h ~10 h10 h

Appendix A - Operation and Maintenance

ItemStipulated ValueParameter Value/Description

charge time

Precondition ofEqualized charge mode is started

equalized charge when-

as soon as mains recovers

mains recovers

Precondition of floating

charge switching to 50 mA/Ah 50 mA/Ah

equalized charge

Equalized charge time1 h ~ 10 h10 h

with power cut

Precondition to exit 5 mA/Ah 5 mA/Ah

equalized charge

Criteria for battery< 80% of rated capacity< 80% of rated capacity

disuse

Voltage difference100 mV for closed circuit100 mV for closed circuit

between individual

20 mV for open circuit20 mV for open circuit

batteries

Note:

When the environment temperature is out of the range of 20C to 30C, the float charging voltage and the equalized charging voltage should be compensated according to Table 11.

Where mains supply is stable and the temperature is always relatively high, the equalized voltage should be set to 2.35 V/battery if the temperature compensation function is unavailable.

Table 11 is applicable when the discharge current less than 0.1C10 (A).

Requirements for Application with Power Failure A battery cannot be used to supply power if it is not fully charged.

The floating charge time should be no less than 24 hours when equalized charge switches to floating charge and the accumulated discharge capacity for power failure once is 50% ~ 80% of the rated capacity.

The floating charge time should be no less than 12 hours when equalized charge switches to floating charge and the accumulated discharge capacity for power failure for several times is less than 50% of the rated capacity.

If the power supply is in good condition, batteries should be discharged for protection once every 6 months, and the discharge depth should be 50%. Batteries should be fully charged in time after discharge.

Diesel generator or other auxiliary power device should be equipped if power failure is frequent and power failure lasts long. Diesel generator or other auxiliary power device should be started to power equipment and charge batteries in time if battery discharge depth is over 80% and mains supply hasnt recovered.

Battery Replacement

If the voltage of one battery is lower than the final voltage when the discharge capacity is less than 80%, replace the battery. (Refer to Table 9 on page 5 for the value of final voltage.)

Replace the battery before its service life ends. Environment temperature and other factors affects the service life of a battery.

Routine Maintenance

Maintain GFM battery periodically to prong its service life. The periodical maintenance includes monthly maintenance, quarterly maintenance and annual maintenance.

The check items are listed in Table 12.

T AB L E 5 P E R I O D I C AL CH E C K I TE M S

PeriodItemDescriptionRequirement andMaintenance

Base Value

Thetotalvoltage

TotalfloatDetectthetotalequalsthesingleCorrectthedeviation

chargingvoltageofthebatterybatteryvoltageand adjust it to the

voltagestringmultipliedbythebase value.

number of batteries.

Checkbatteryshell

andplateforTheappearanceTroubleshootand

electrolyte flowing out,replacefaultyparts if

expansionandshould be neat.necessary.

damage.

BatteryCheckwhetherit isTheappearanceUse wet cloth to clean

Monthappearancefree fromdustandshould be clean.the appearance.

filth.

ChecktheuprightIf theres anyrust,

installationshelf,Theyshouldbeallremovetherust,

connectingcables,replaceconnecting

positive/negativefree from rust.cables,andspread

terminal for rustantirust on them.

CheckwhetherboltsBoltsandnutsFastentheloosened

Connectionand nuts are tightshould befastenedbolts or nuts.

tightly.

DCpowerCut AC power and toACpowercanCorrectthepossible

switch to DC power

switchingswitch to DC powersmoothly.deviation.

Appendix A - Operation and Maintenance

PeriodItemDescriptionRequirement andMaintenance

Base Value

If it is beyond the base

value,discharge

FloatingThe floatchargingbattery,switchto

equalized charge, and

chargingDetect thevoltageofvoltagewiththen switch tofloating

Quartervoltage oftemperature

singleeach single batterycompensationischarge. Check it for 1

~ 2months,and

battery50 mV.replace battery in time

if it is still beyond the

base value.

Cut off AC power andRechargebatteryin

timeif the discharge

discharge battery with

timeislessthan 8

dischargecurrentofThe totaldischarge

Dischargehours; after that, if the

Yeartest0.1C10 (A). Refer totime should be overdischargetimeisstill

Table 9 on page 5 for8 hours.less8hours,it

the valueof final

indicatesthatbattery

voltage.

service life ends.

Troubleshooting

Common problems and their solutions are listed in Table 13.

T AB L E 6 CO M M O N P R O B L E M S AN D S O L U T I O N S

SymptomCauseSolution

Theconnectingbolts of

In the initial stage ofbatteryterminalareFasten loosened bolts.

loosened.

operation,onebattery

voltage and the total voltageThere is filth on terminals or

of the battery string fallconnectingends ofcables,Remove filth.

rapidly in discharging.and as a result, the line drop

is increased.

In theinitialstageofTheloadlowvoltage

disconnect (LLVD) voltage isAdjusttheLLVDvoltage

operation,batterycanbe

set too high through batterywithintherange:1.85

discharged normally, but themanagingdevice(e.g.V/battery ~ 1.98 V/battery.

load is shut down soon.

switching power supply).

Correcttheconnection. In

The real value of totalThepositiveandnegativeaddition, the battery should

bedeeplydischargeand

voltage is 4 V less thanterminals of one battery arethencharged. Afterthat, if

calculated value.reversely connected.the battery capacitycannot

recover, replace it in time.

In the initial stage ofThe possible cause is theThe battery voltage will be

operation,thereareminute differencebetweenconsistent with eachother

differencesbetweenindividualbatterysinternalafter normalfloat charging

individual battery voltages.structureandthatduringfor 3 months.

transportation.

A p p e n d i x A

Transportation and Storage

This appendix introduces the precautions in transportation and storage.

Transportation

The precautions for transportation are as follows:

During transportation, terminal should be well protected, the coping of battery cannot suffer pressure, safety valve cannot be loosened, and short circuit is prohibited.

Before delivery, batteries are filled with electrolyte and charged.

During transportation, batteries should be upright instead of being upside down. Handle batteries with great care and protect them from rain and exposure to sunshine.

Storage

The precautions for storage are as follows:

Charge batteries to full capacity before storage. Otherwise, the service lifetime will be shortened.

Batteries should be kept in a dry, clean and ventilated environment free from radiation, organic solvent, corrosive gas, flammable article, fire and exposure to sunlight.

Batteries should be upright, the coping of battery cannot suffer pressure, and safety valve cannot be loosened.

During storage, batteries are gradually discharged. The self discharge rate is related to environment temperature. The self discharge rate will rise and the storage time should be shorter when the environment temperature rises.

T AB L E 7 S T O R AG E TI M E C O R R E S P O N D I N G T O E N V I R O N M E N T TE M P E R AT U R E

Environment TemperatureStorage Time

Environment TemperatureStorage Time

0C ~ +15C9 months

+16C ~ +25C6 months

+26C ~ +35C3 months

+36C ~ +45C1 month