Molecular modeling of organic redox-active battery materials
Battery Materials Business Battery Materials Div.
Transcript of Battery Materials Business Battery Materials Div.
Sumitomo Metal Mining IR-Day 2020
【Battery Materials Business】Battery Materials Div.
2020.12.21
Isao AbeExecutive OfficerGeneral Manager of Battery Materials Div.
Briefing contents
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Environmental restrictions and electrification in automotive industry
SMM Battery Materials Business Strategy
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1. Goals in set in COP21 (2015 Paris Agreement)
Reduce worldwide CO2 emissions by 60% by 2050
Reduce small vehicle CO2 emissions by 2G/t a year
Cut fuel efficiency for all vehicles by half to complete the goal
Cut fuel efficiency for all new vehicles by half by 2030
Each country is laying out CAFE (corporate average fuel efficiency) restrictions to meet with the goals of the agreement
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2. Restriction Situation in Each Country
1. EU 20 million vehicles/year• CAFE Restriction: Existing automobile companies are obligated to reduce CO2 by a fixed rate• CO2 emissions 2015: 120g/km -> 2021: to 95g/km (with penalty applied )
2. China 25 million vehicles/year• CAFC Restriction (same as CAFE)
Average fuel efficiency 2020: 20km/ℓ -> 2025: 25km/ℓ• NEV Restriction
Each company is obligated to produce a fixed number of NEV (New Energy Vehicles) relative to the number of gasoline / diesel vehicles they sell
• Companies that do not meet restrictions through a combination of CAFC and NEV are obligated to buy credits from other companies
* “Fuel efficient vehicles” like HEV are equated to the sale of 0.2 - 0.5 gasoline vehicles
3. US 19 million vehicles/yearFuel efficiency rate around 18km/ℓ continues
4.Japan 5 million vehicles/year
Average fuel efficiency 2016 Actual Results: 19.2km/ℓ -> 2030 Standard: 25.4km/ℓListed vehicle sale results for each country are the 2019 actual results
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3. Market Size for Major Battery Materials(million USD)
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10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Estimate
2021Forecast
2022Forecast
2023Forecast
2024Forecast
2025Forecast
Four Major Lithium Ion Battery (LiB) Materials World Market Size Shifts and Forecast
Cathode material
Anode material
Electrolytic solution
Separator
Market size of the four major materials will be US$ 36.6 billion (2025 estimate)Cathode material will account for roughly half of that
⇔Short-term, the overall automobile market will slump and xEV will also be affected
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Source: “Global Market of Major Four Li-ion Battery Components: Key Research Findings 2020” (released on October 21st , 2020) by Yano Research Institute Ltd.
4. xEV Sale Number Estimates
Market growth in 2020 is sluggish due to COVID-19Estimates have HEV/PHEV accounting for 6.5 million of the 100 million vehicle automobile market in 2023, and BEV accounting for 5 million
(B3 Report2020/5)
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2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
xEV Sale Numbers (2020 and after is forecast)
BEV
PHEV
HEV
MHV
World-wide automobile sales for 2019were approx. 90 million
(includes trucks and buses)
(Mild hybrids)
Thousand Vehicles
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“xEV,” “Electric car”: Includes Plug-In Hybrid (PHEV) and Hybrid (HEV/MHV) vehicles in addition to BEV
5. xEV Sale Numbers (actual results by region)
USA
EU
JapanChina
Other
Automobile Sale Numbers (2019)
20 million19 million
20 million
25 million5 million
Total 90 millioncars
USA
EU
Japan
China
Other
Data: Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association
380,000
230,000
20,000
960,000
90,000
Total 1.7 million
cars
BEVSale Numbers (2019)
Data: B3 Report
xEV market share is still small, even in developed countries, and expected further growth
USA
EU
Japan
China
Other
xEVSale Numbers (2019)
1.08 million
1.49 million
Total 6.2 million
cars2 million
1.05 million
600,000
Data: B3 Report
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6. xEV Battery Volume Comparison
0.75kWh 8.8kWh
100kWh
BEV (electric vehicle) has over 100X the battery volume of HEV(large battery installed in place of engine)
->Usage volume of materials such as cathode material is also very large
Volume for batteries installed in HEV, PHV and BEV
HEV PHV
BEV
(representative vehicles)
Reference: Rechargeable AA Battery 2Wh
100X
10X
10X
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
GWhxEV Battery Demand Estimates (Volume)
It’s forecasted that material demand will grow rapidly along with the popularization of xEV
(B3 Report2020/5)
7. xEV Battery Demand Estimates
TeslaGigafactory35GWh
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Briefing contents
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Automobile environmental restrictions and the push towards electric
SMM Battery Materials Business Strategy
1. Battery Materials Business Strategy
1. Stable SupplyHaving a fully-integrated supply chain from MineralResources, Smelting & Refining to Materials
2. Long-term ContinuityResearch laboratory specializing in the development of battery materials (Battery Research Laboratories: NiihamaCity, Ehime Prefecture)Recycling of raw materials utilizing Smelting and Refining technology and processes
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2. Stable Supply (Supply Chain)
A fully-integrated supply chain from Mineral Resources, Smelting and Refining to Materials
Metal ⇒Material Production
Isoura Plant (Ehime Prefecture)
For secondary batteries in
automobiles
Intermediate Product⇒Refined Metal
Niihama Nickel Refinery(Ehime Prefecture)
Harima Refinery(Hyogo Prefecture)
Refined into nickel sulfate
Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation (THPAL) (Philippines)
Mineral Ore⇒Intermediate Product
Mixed nickel-cobalt sulfide
Low-grade nickel mineral oresmelted and refined with HPAL
Nickel battery materials(Lithium nickel oxide, etc.)
Sumiko Energy Materials Co., Ltd.Naraha Plant (Fukushima Prefecture)
Transportedto Japan
Transported to next plant
after processing into nickel sulfate
High Pressure Acid Leach
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3. Battery Materials Business Fundamental Production Process
Ni Compound Liquid
Reaction
Separation of Solid and Liquid
Drying
Inspection
Calcination
Mixing
Baking (Synthesis)
Deagglomeration
Sieve / Packing
Inspection / Shipment
Precursor
Lithium raw material
Nickel hydroxidePrecursor
Lithium nickel oxideNMC(Ternary)
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4. Cathode Material Production Sites
Sumiko Energy Materials Co., Ltd. (Baking)
Isoura Plant (Precursor / Baking)
Harima Refinery (Precursor)
Precursor plant (Operating from 2018) newly established at Harima Refinery (Hyogo Prefecture)Production is through proceeding process in two sites (precursor), following process in two plants (Baking)
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5. Battery Materials Growth StrategyCathode Material Growth Strategy
• Demand for automobile secondary batteries will expand along with the advancement of the switch to EV.
• We will continue full production while observing market and customer trends and responding appropriately.
Shift of cathode material production capacity(NCA)
(monthly production)*Year stated is the year investment plan announcement was released.
850t
3,550t
4 billion yen
2016
18 billion yen
15 billion yen
2014
(Investment amount)
1,850t
4,550t
2017
(Production capacity)
During 2024 3-Year Business Plan
NCANMC
Nickel hydroxide
Total
10,000t
Securingnew
mineral resources
Recyclingprocess
4.8 billion yen 2013
300t2 billion
yen 2008
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Customer Manufacturing Base
Product(secondary battery)
Consumers
Customer recycle base(Decomposition / Recycling)
Spent productsToyo Smelter & Refinery, Niihama
Nickel Refinery(Copper, Nickel smelter and refinery)
Isoura Plant Cathode Material Production
Ni Compound
Cathode material
SMMNi, Co Recycling Base
Valuable process waste
Ni, Co Compound
: Current Situation
: Future
Current: Primarily only Ni (+Cu) is being recycled at the smelter and refineryfrom process waste
Future: Specialized processes will be established, making it possible to recover Co and other valuables from automobile batteries recovered from consumers ( flow)
6. Future Concept - Lithium Ion Battery Resource Recycling
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7. New Recycle Process Pilot Plant
Pilot plant (Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture)
Development of a new recycle process for lithium-ion batteriesPilot plant operations started from March 2019
Existing methods only allowed for recovery of Copper / Nickel
Impurities in secondary batteries are separated out all at once through our unique pyrometallurgical process
We can selectively recover nickel, cobalt and copper as alloys
Cobalt will also be reusable as a battery material
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NoteThe materials provided herein are not intended as disclosure under the Securities Law, and no warranty is made as to their completeness or accuracy. Any projections included in these materials are based solely on information available at the time of this briefing, and are subject to change based on market conditions, competitive conditions, and a number ofother factors.Therefore, we ask that you refrain from making any investment decisions based on these materials alone. The Company cannot be held responsible in any way for any losses that may occur as a result of the use of these materials.All copyrights, trademarks, and intellectual property rights attaching to the materials herein are the sole property of Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd
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https://www.smm.co.jp/E/