Battery Battery FundamentalsFundamentals

Chapter 30Chapter 30

Page 403Page 403

The Battery’s Purpose The Battery’s Purpose

The battery is the heart of the electrical The battery is the heart of the electrical systemsystem

Provides initial power for start-upProvides initial power for start-up Provides a place for extra energy produced Provides a place for extra energy produced

by charging systemby charging system Provides energy even when key is off Provides energy even when key is off

(security, airbags, computer memory) (security, airbags, computer memory)

Remember that batteries contain acid and it is very easy to hurt yourself Remember that batteries contain acid and it is very easy to hurt yourself even when the most exhaustive protection measures are takeneven when the most exhaustive protection measures are taken

Do not expose to flame!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Do not expose to flame!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The BatteryThe Battery

Parts and OperationParts and Operation Plates are coated with different Plates are coated with different

types of lead-when they interact types of lead-when they interact through the electrolyte (acid) they through the electrolyte (acid) they produce energyproduce energy

Many plates make a cell elementMany plates make a cell element There are six cells per batteryThere are six cells per battery

Six Cells 2.1 volts each(total = 12.6)

Side Post Battery

Plate

Battery ConstructionBattery Construction

More PartsMore Parts ElectrolyteElectrolyte- Known as acid, Very corrosive –will - Known as acid, Very corrosive –will

cause burns to you if you get in on you or your cause burns to you if you get in on you or your clothes.clothes.

CaseCase- made of plastic to resist moisture, acid - made of plastic to resist moisture, acid absorption, and vibration damage.absorption, and vibration damage.

Cell Caps-Cell Caps- allow you to test, check, or add allow you to test, check, or add electrolyte.electrolyte.

Some batteries are sealed and there is no Some batteries are sealed and there is no way to access the cells, these are way to access the cells, these are called Maintenance Free.called Maintenance Free. Terminals-Terminals- allow for connecting to vehicle. allow for connecting to vehicle.

How It WorksHow It Works

Battery DiagramBattery Diagram

Sediment Chamber

Optima Battery DesignOptima Battery Design

Battery RatingsBattery Ratings

CCA-Cold Cranking Amps- determined by CCA-Cold Cranking Amps- determined by number of amps that can be delivered for number of amps that can be delivered for 30 seconds at zero degrees for without 30 seconds at zero degrees for without the voltage falling below 7.2 volts the voltage falling below 7.2 volts (normally 12.6)(normally 12.6)

Reserve Capacity- determined by the Reserve Capacity- determined by the length of time in minutes that a battery length of time in minutes that a battery can be discharged at 25 amps without can be discharged at 25 amps without cell voltage dropping below 1.75 volts cell voltage dropping below 1.75 volts (normally 2.1)(normally 2.1)

How Long Does a Battery How Long Does a Battery LastLast

Typically the battery will last as long as Typically the battery will last as long as the battery rating. For example if the the battery rating. For example if the battery is a 72 month battery, the battery is a 72 month battery, the battery will last 72 months or 6 six battery will last 72 months or 6 six years. years.

If the battery is subjected to the If the battery is subjected to the following extremes then life will following extremes then life will diminish:diminish: Heat, vibration, tipping over, power needs, Heat, vibration, tipping over, power needs,

power drains, over or under charging, etc. power drains, over or under charging, etc.

Temperature Effects Temperature Effects Battery Battery

TemperatureTemperature % of Cranking % of Cranking PowerPower

80 degrees80 degrees 100100

32 degrees32 degrees 6565

0 degrees0 degrees 4040

Types of BatteriesTypes of Batteries

Deep Cycle- boats, RV’s, Deep Cycle- boats, RV’s,

Maintenance Free – ATV’s cars, Maintenance Free – ATV’s cars, truckstrucks

Low Maintenance- Large vehicles, Low Maintenance- Large vehicles, heavy equipment heavy equipment ( you can add water, ( you can add water, check electrolyte, and look at the plates in this type)check electrolyte, and look at the plates in this type)

Cables and ClampsCables and Clamps

Size of Wires and CablesSize of Wires and Cables

Battery cables need to be large Battery cables need to be large diameter.diameter. Most car wiring is 12 to 14 gauge.Most car wiring is 12 to 14 gauge. Dash wiring 16-20 gaugeDash wiring 16-20 gauge Battery cables 2- 00 gauge. Battery cables 2- 00 gauge.

The higher the number, the smaller the The higher the number, the smaller the wire diameter---- The lower the number, wire diameter---- The lower the number, the larger the diameterthe larger the diameter

Just like Shot Gun ShellGauges

410 28 20 12 10

Battery Trays and Hold Battery Trays and Hold DownsDowns

Hold downs are essentialHold downs are essential Trays are to hold battery Trays are to hold battery

and capture leaking acid.and capture leaking acid.

Your Job.Your Job.

Complete chapter Questions 1-10 Complete chapter Questions 1-10 (review) and 1-5 (ASE-style). Page 412(review) and 1-5 (ASE-style). Page 412

Write on a separate paper and write Write on a separate paper and write out the complete question and your out the complete question and your answer. ( do not write the other answer. ( do not write the other answer options). answer options).

Complete the chapter worksheet (I will Complete the chapter worksheet (I will give it out). You may write on it. give it out). You may write on it.

File all items in your note book.File all items in your note book. Notebooks will be graded in the future.Notebooks will be graded in the future.