Baths of caracalla

THERMES DE CARACALLA

♂ EDDY FARHAN B FAIDI880921-11-5397

♀ ‘ISMAH SUMAYYAH BT MOHD AMAR881203-56-6278

HISTORY OF BATHS OF CARACALLA

• ROMAN BATH• EMPEROR CARACALLA

ROMAN BATH • Roman bathing, which consisted of the Roman baths (or thermae) and also balneum

• Early Romans used baths, but seldom, and only then for heath and cleanliness

• Existence in 25 BC with the first thermae built by the Emperor Argippa

• Most Romans bathed in local neighborhood balneum, with an average of 5 bath houses per block

• Popularity of these balneum led to the creation of the thermae

• Each emperor tried to improve upon the design, grandeur, and popularity of the ones before him

• In order to create popularity, the fees to bath were practically nonexistent

• The best and most grand bath complexes were found within Rome, as it served as the capital of the empire

• The success of the bath complexes owes much to the technological advances of the Greeks and early Roman

• The improvement of the aqueduct, the architectural usage of vaulted ceilings, and the hypocaust heating system allowed these great complexes to be as magnificent as they were

ROMAN BATH• Romans were able to achieve this by heating the marble floor, which was raised on small columns or stacks of tiles to allow hot air from a fire to circulate underneath

• Walls were also heated by earthenware pipes in the walls to ensure a hot and steamy environment

• Bathers had to wear special shoes to prevent their feet from getting blisters from the floor

• It took two to three days to heat a thermae, but as the baths were kept in constant use, the fire was never allowed to die

• The baths in Rome served as an entertainment center, holding sports centers, swimming pools, gardens, libraries, areas for poetry and musical performances, restaurants, and sleeping quarters for visitors

• The baths were opened daily from sunrise to sunset and open to all . The thermae could seat 1,600 bathers at one time

• Most commoners went only once a day, but the Emperors or luxury bathe as many as 7-8 times daily

• Typical Roman would start out with some easy exercise in the palaestra (exercise yard), attend to the bathing, anoint themselves with oil, and then eat some food

• At the baths, even in the most corrupt of their civilization, the Romans tried to live up to the old maxim: "mens sana in corpore sano’ – a healthy mind in a healthy body

EMPEROR CARACALLA

• The man behind the plan of the bath who ruled over the Roman Empire from 211 AD-217 AD

• Born in 188 AD, Caracalla (a nickname - it referred to a Gallic cloak that he liked to wear) was the oldest son of Septimius Severus, who was also a Roman emperor from 193 AD-211 AD

• Caracalla or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus built his bath-house in 217 AD

• The baths remained in use until the 6th century when the complex was sacked by the Ostrogoths during the Gothic War, destroying the hydraulic installations

• The importance of Caracalla's rule is that he was trying to maintain the fragile peace that his father, Septimius Severus, had managed to achieve during his rule

• The Baths of Caracalla show Caracalla's attempt to show the Roman people that he was there to support them and care for them. And while he was a bad ruler, he certainly had great taste in architecture

• While Caracalla was in fact a cruel man, it should be noted that his reign did have some benefits for the Roman population

• Caracalla was only 29 when he unfortunately murdered by one of his imperial bodyguards while relieving himself during his expeditions in Asia Minor

characteristics OF BATHS OF CARACALLA• ENTIRE BUILDING• BUILDING DIMENSION & MATERIAL• INTERIOR• SURROUNDINGS• SECTION• ELEVATION

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________MAIN BUILDING

27 acres complex (11 hectares).

Accommodate up to 2000 people per time.

Main building at the centre and covered by a thick wall consists of libraries and gym and also gardens.

6 feet height for loading purpose.

Main building have upper level for service and heating and lower level for water drainage.

Heating reservoir by Aque Marcia Aqueduct.

The bath was known because of the rich interiors of marble seats, mosaic walls and floors as well as fountain and statue.

Principal dimensionsPrecinct maximum: 412x393 mInternal: 323x323 mCentral Block overall: 218x112 mSwimming Pool: 54x23 mFrigidarium: 59x24 m, height . 41 mCaldarium: 35M diameter height . 44 m

BUILDING DIMENSION AND BUILDING MATERIALS Bath Of Caracalla_______________________

Quantities of materialsPozzolanna: 341,000 m³Quick lime: 35,000 m³Tuff: 341,000 m³Basalt for foundations: 150,000 m³Brick pieces for facing: 17.5 millionLarge Bricks: 520,000Marble columns in Central block: 252Marble for columns and decorations: 6,300 m³

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________

VESTIBULES

FUNCTION LIKE A LOBBY OR AN ENTRANCE ROOM BETWEEN THE INTERIOR OF THE BUILDING AND OUTER SPACE.

INTERIOR

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________INTERIOR

APODYTERIUM (DRESSING ROOMS )

A FIRST STOP PLACE FOR BATHERS BEFORE THEY GET TO A STEP BY STEP BATHS.

EQUIPPED WITH BENCHES AND OFTEN CUBICLES TO STORE BATHER’S CLOTHES.

COMMONLY ONE SLAVE WILL STAY TO WATCH THE BATHERS BELONGINGS.


A FACILITIES SERVE FOR TRAINING IN BOXING AND PLAY A KIND OF BALL GAME.

THOSE ACTIVITIES WILL MAKES BATHERS TO HAVE SOME MODERATE EXERCISE BEFORE THEY GET TO BATHS.

INTERIOR

PALAESTRAS (EXERCISE YARD)


CALIDARIUM

INTERIOR

A HOT ROOM WITH A HOT POOL OF WATER – 35M DIAMETER.

THIS POOLS HELPS TO OPEN THE BATHERS PORES AND ALSO HELP THEM TO SWEATS.

A wing of the underground levels under the caldarium. The large dimensions of the galleries derived from the necessity to bring in horse-drawn wagons full of wood.


TEPIDERIUM

INTERIOR

A WARM ROOM

ALSO A PLACE WHERE THE BATHERS CAN HAVE A MASSAGE AND BODY HAIR REMOVED.

BECOME THE MOST BUSY PLACE BECAUSE OF THE ACTIVITIES.


FRIGIDARIUM

IS A COLD ROOM.

THIS PLACE FUNCTIONED TO CLOSED THE PORES AND GET THE FINAL CLEANING STEP IN OVERALL BATHING STEPS.

INTERIOR


NATATIO

IS AN OPEN AIR SWIMMING POOL.

THIS PLACE FUNCTIONED AS A PLACE FOR RELAX AND REFRESH THE BODY OF THE BATHERS.

INTERIOR


GARDENS

GARDENS THAT CONSIST STATUES, FOUNTAIN AND ANY OTHERS FEATURES.

AFTER BATHING, PEOPLE CAN WALK AROUND THE GARDEN AFTER A TYPICAL DAY.

SURROUNDINGS


GYMNASIA

AND ADJACENT FACILITIES FROM THE MAIN BUILDING.

PLACE WHERE PEOPLE HAVE EXERCISE SIMILAR TO PRESENT GYMNASIUM.

SURROUNDINGS


STUDY ROOM

OR A LIBRARIES FOR PEOPLE FACILITIES.

HAVE TWO SEPARATED LIBRARIES WHICH IS ONE FOR LATIN AND ANOTHER FOR GREEK LANGUAGE.

SURROUNDINGS

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ SECTION

THE BUILDING HAVE TWO LEVELS WHICH IS THE LOWER LEVEL IS A PLACE FOR THE SYSTEM USED TO HEATING SEVERAL ROOMS AND ALSO FOR THE DRAINAGE.

UPPER LEVEL IS A PLACE WHERE ALL FEATURES LIKE STATUE AND FOUNTAIN LOCATED AND FOR ALL HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________SECTION

GROINS THREE ROUND ARCH

ARCHIVOLTS(Ornamental molding following the curve on the underside of an arch)

JAMB COLUMN

JAMB FIGURE

COLONNETTE

PIERS (A small, relatively thin

column, often used for

decoration or to support

an arcade.)

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ELEVATION

THE MAIN BUILDING CLEARLY SURROUNDED BY THE GARDEN.

THE STRUCTURE IS MADE OUT FROM TOUGH BRICKS AND A MARBLE MATERIALS LIKE MOSAIC.

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ELEVATION

KEYSTONE

THREE ROUND ARCHES

EXTRADOS INTRADOS

(exterior curve

of arch)

VOUSSOIRSSPRINGING

IMPOST (the level where an (The uppermost arch or vault rises part of a column from a support)

supporting arch)

JAMB

ANALYSIS OF BATHS OF CARACALLA

• PLAN• CIRCULATION

FROM THE SCHEMATIC PLAN CONSTRUCTED WE CAN SEE THAT THE BUILDING HAVE A BALANCE SIDES AND IN LINEAR ORGANISATION.

ONE SIDE FOR MENS AND ANOTHER SIDE FOR WOMENS DEPARTMENT.

THE IMPORTANT ROOMS OF APODYTERIUM AND PALAESTRAS IS AT THE SAME SIZED AND LOCATION AT THE TWO SIDES.

AND THE CALDARIUM, TEPIDARIUM, FRIGIDARIUM AND NATATIO LOCATED IN LINE AT THE CENTRE OF THE MAIN BUILDING.

ANALYSIS OF PLANBath Of Caracalla_______________________

11

22

3344

55

77

66

Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATION

THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED WITH THE BEST BUILDING CIRCULATION.

BUT THIS BATH OF CARACALLA DOES NOT FUNCTION AS A PUBLIC BATH ONLY. IT ALSO FUNCTION AS A SOCIAL CENTRE WHERE BUSINESS AND TRADES ALSO HAPPENED AMONG PEOPLE HERE.

WE CAN SAY THAT THIS BUILDING FUNCTIONED LIKE A LEISURE MALL IN THIS PRESENT.

references;

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baths_of_Caracalla• http://ehsworldlanguages.com/Forum.html• http://www.rome-guide.it/english/monuments/monuments_caracalla.html• http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia_of_history/R/Roman_baths.html• http://crushedpineapple.tripod.com/history.htm

• http://honorsaharchive.blogspot.com/2007/01/baths-and-bathing-in-ancient-roman.html

Baths of caracalla

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