BAT Electricity Sector - UNECE Homepage · Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity...
Transcript of BAT Electricity Sector - UNECE Homepage · Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity...
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
www.bdew.de
Implementation of BAT in the German Electricity Sector
Dr.-Ing. Martin Ruhrberg
21.04.2016
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
The leading association of the German energy and water industries – facts and figures*
21.04.2016 Seite 2
M. Ruhrberg
* Data for 2015; ** Turnover from electricity and drinking water sales to end consumers as well as from end consumers‘ wastewater disposal
90%
90%
85%
80%
30%
95 %
1,888 member companies representing
of electricity sales
of natural gas sales
of local and district heat supply
of drinking water abstraction
of wastewater disposal
of the investments in the energy and water industries
The total sector accounts for a turnover of 130 billion Euros.**
Seite 2
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Revision of the BREF LCP from July 2006: 7 years of hard work for all parties involved!
Reactivation of TWG: Februrary 2011
Kick-off meeting TWG: October 2011
First draft BREF LCP (D1): June 2013
Informal TWG meeting: June 2014
Final TWG meeting: June 2015
Article 13 Forum opinion: Autumn 2016
Article 75 Committee decision: 1st quarter 2017
Publication of new BREF LCP: 2nd quarter 2017
Deadline for implementation: mid 2021
21.04.2016 Seite 3
M. Ruhrberg
Timeline
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
The new BREF LCP: A multi-media and multi-pollutant approach
BREF LCP 2006 (old) July 2006, 618 pages
Not binding „executive summary“, but reference for permitting
15 BAT conclusions
9 tables with BAT-AELs for:
− dust − SO2
− NOx
− CO (for gas turbines only)
Final draft BREF LCP (new) March 2016, +1200 pages
Chapter 10 including legally binding BAT conclusions
90 BAT conclusions
57 tables with BAT-AELs for:
− dust, mercury − SO2, HCl, HF − NOx, NH3 − CO (indicative values, for all fuels) − heavy metals, TOC, dioxine (for
waste co-incineration) − Wastewater from flue gas treatment
21.04.2016 Seite 4
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
IED 2010/75/EU Permitting process
Reconsideration/Updating of permit conditions
Baseline report (soil)
Environmental inspections
Monitoring and reporting
(Transitional) derogations
Art. 15 (4) exemptions and special cases
IED transposition and BREF LCP: administrative framework / permitting
BREF LCP 2017* Environmental management
system
Fuel characterization
Waste & water management
Monitoring of emissions (air, water)
Energy efficiency levels
Emission levels
New derogations
M. Ruhrberg Seite 5
21.04.2016
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Most controversial key issues in TWG discussions
Consistency of BREF LCP with IED
Consideration of cross-media effects
General approach for setting BAT-AEPLs for energy efficiency
Averaging periods for BAT-AELs
Derivation of BAT-AELs from BAT reference plant data
Indigenous solid fuels
Emergency use and peak load plants
Impacts of climate policy on plant operation
21.04.2016 Seite 6
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Implementation of the IED in Germany: A set of general binding rules (Article 17 IED)
BImSchG
4. BImSchV
9. BImSchV
11. BImSchV
13. BImSchV
17. BImSchV
Federal Immission Law (Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz)
Emission declarations
Permitting process
Plant classification
Large combustion
plants
Waste incineration and co-incineration
Chapter I / II IED Chapter III IED Chapter IV IED
M. Ruhrberg Seite 7
21.04.2016
Federal ordinances Federal ordinances
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
German large combustion plants: Breakdown by sectors
~ 625 LCPs (2015)
M. Ruhrberg Seite 8
21.04.2016
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
German large combustion plants: N° of units by technology
LCPs
Boilers Gas turbines Engines
• 30 biomass • 220 coal/lignite • 250 oil (gas) • 1000 gas (oil)
• 250 public power and heat
• 125 gas supply (mechanical drive)
• 100 industry
• 200 units (units < 15 MW)
M. Ruhrberg Seite 9
21.04.2016
• ~ 625 installations • ~ 2200 units
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
German public electricity sector: 87 GWel of combustion plants (2015)*
21.04.2016 Seite 10
M. Ruhrberg
Presumably not affected by BREF LCP
Out of scope of BREF LCP
Presumably affected by BREF LCP
* gross bottleneck capacity installed
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Key pollutants for BAT implementation in the German power sector
NOx
Mercury
CO2
21.04.2016 Seite 11
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Key pollutants of the power sector
Theme NOx Mercury CO2
Key stakeholders
Academia Local authorities
Civil society State governments
Press / general public Central government
Main impact Urban air quality Bioaccumulation in food chain
Climate change
Longevity of impacts
Short-to-medium term
Long term (historical legacy)
Medium-to-long term
Contribution of power sector
Moderate High Medium
Affected fuels All fuels Coal, lignite All fossil fuels
Technological focus
Optimization of mature technology
Introduction of emerged technology
Fuel switch / substitution
Key challenge Retrofit of existing plants
Cross-media-impacts
Plant flexibility (back-up for renewables)
21.04.2016 Seite 12
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Development of SO2-emissions of the German public power and heat sector
M. Ruhrberg Seite 13
21.04.2016
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Development of NOx-Emissions of the German Public Power and Heat Sector
M. Ruhrberg Seite 14
21.04.2016
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Potential impact of upper BAT-AEL ranges on German public power plants (solid fuels)
21.04.2016 Seite 15
M. Ruhrberg
More than half of lignite- and coal-capacity potentially affected!
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
NOx-emissions of German gas turbines and combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT)
21.04.2016 Seite 16
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Implementation of NOx-BAT-AELs
Pursue timely implementation of BAT-AELs for new built
For existing plants, place focus on optimization of technologies already applied
Avoid costly and technologically difficult retrofit of existing plants using only primary measures with secondary abatement technics
Enable derogations (limited operating time) and transitional periods (limited lifetime) for existing plants
21.04.2016 Seite 17
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Mercury emissions of German coal- and lignite-fired power plants
21.04.2016 Seite 18
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Implementation of mercury-BAT-AELs
Follow gradual step-by-step approach, recognizing that co-benefit reduction and climate policy will lead to significant further reduction of mercury emissions
Consider cross-media-impacts and transfers (air/water/soil/by-products)
Recognize complex plant chemistry (re-emission, corrosion etc.)
Facilitate implementation of mercury-specific mitigation technologies in demonstration plants
Improve monitoring and measurement of mercury emissions
21.04.2016 Seite 19
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Impact of climate policy on conventional LCPs of the electricity sector
EU-Emission Trading System / carbon pricing
Uptake of renewable electricity generation
− Increase of n° of start-ups and shut-downs − Reduction of full load operating hours − Increase of partial load / peak load operation − Back-up-capacity / emerging capacity markets
Fuel switch / co-incineration of biomass and waste
Decentralisation of energy supply / combined heat and power
Changing consumptions patterns (demand side)
M. Ruhrberg Seite 20
21.04.2016
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
Climate policy versus air policy?
• Green house gases versus air pollutants
• Carbon market versus BAT concept
• Carbon footprint versus pollutant inventory
• Flexibility versus efficiency
• Plant closure versus retrofit
• New built MCP versus existing LCP
Air policy needs to be better integrated in climate policy for MCPs and decentralised units
Climate policy needs to be better integrated in air policy for LCPs
21.04.2016 Seite 21
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
21.04.2016 Seite 22
M. Ruhrberg
BDEW Headquarter, Berlin
BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. Reinhardtstraße 32 10117 Berlin Telefon +49 (0)30 - 300199-1518 www.bdew.de
CONTACT Dr.-Ing. Martin Ruhrberg Unit Manager Air Pollution and Climate Change