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National Federation of StateHigh School Associations

Basketball

2011-13 Basketball Officials Manual

Three Officials’ Mechanics



2011-13 NFHS Basketball Officials Manual

Mechanics Changes

Major Editorial Changes

Mechanics Points of Emphasis

TRAIL MIRRORS CHOP SIGNAL(2.2.2.C.6 New)

In Crew of Two Only: The Trail will mirror the Lead’s stop- and start-clock (chop) signal to ensure proper court coverage.

It is often difficult for the timer to see the Lead start the clock on end line throw-ins.

The change will promote accuracy in starting the clock and is the same mechanic used for a crew of three.

START-CLOCK SIGNAL(2.4.4.B.4 ; 3.4.4.B.4)

A visible signal (point to the table) was added to indicate when the timer should start the clock on a time-out.

The addition of this signal will help promote consistent administration of time-out situations.

Major Editorial Changes

2.4.5.A & 3.4.5.A: Clarified that the officials shall return to the court when there is 3 minutes remaining in the halftime intermission.

2.4.7.B & 3.4.7.B: Text changed to the current concussion guidelines.

2011-13 Point of Emphasis

Reporting Area & SignalingSubstitutionsGame AwarenessFighting Situations



Three Officials’ Mechanics

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Presentation Topics

Terminology Pregame Jump Ball Primary Coverage Areas Rotations Throw-ins Fouls & Switching Free Throws Time-outs & Intermission Last-Second Shot

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Terminology

Ball Side: The location of the ball in the normal frontcourt offensive alignment of a team. In dividing the court down the middle, (using the basket as a center point), end line to end line. The side of the court where the ball is located is ball side.

Bump and Run: A technique when one official “bumps” another official out of his/her current position and the vacating official “runs” down into a new position.

Center Official: The outside official who is in the off-ball position, midway between a step below the free-throw line extended and the top of the circle. The Center official may be table side or opposite side.

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Terminology

Close Down: Movement of an official (a step or two) related to movement of the ball. The Trail and Center close down toward the end line; the Lead closes down toward the nearest lane line extended.

Lead Official: The official positioned along and off the end line. The Lead official may be table side or opposite the table, but will be on the same side of the court as the Trail.

Move to Improve: A technique that means to “move your feet” in order to “improve your angle” on the play. Helps to eliminate being “straight-lined.”

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Terminology

Opposite Side: The side of court opposite the table side.

Primary Coverage Area (PCA): Area of responsibility for each official. PCA is determined by ball location.

Rotation: A live-ball situation, whereby the location of the ball keys a change in coverage for the officials. This is implemented when the Lead official moves to ball side dictating a change of position by the Center and Trail officials. The Lead should not rotate until all three officials are in the frontcourt.

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Terminology

Straight-Line: Refers to a situation that occurs when an official allows their vision to be obstructed by a player or players; having to look through a player instead of in between players. When a straight-line occurs, the official is not able to accurately see playing action. The situation is also known as getting “stacked.”

Strong Side: Side of the court determined by the location of Lead official.

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Terminology

Switch: A dead-ball situation created by an official who calls a violation or foul. After a violation is called or a foul is reported to the table, there may be a change in position of the officials. The switch will normally involve the calling official moving to a new position on the court.

Table Side: The side of the court where the scorer’s and timer’s table is located.

Trail Official: The outside official positioned nearest the division line, approximately 28 feet from the end line (near the top of the three-point arc). The Trail official may be table side or opposite side, but will be on the same side of the court as the Lead.

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Terminology

Weak Side: The side of the court opposite the Lead official; the Center’s side of the court.

Wide Triangle: All three officials forming the geometric shape of a wide triangle; keeping all players and activity within the triangle.

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Pregame Positions

U1 observes home team warm-up

U2 observes visiting team warm-up

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Jump Ball

U1 chops clock – watches jumpers

U2 watches eight non-jumpers

U1 & U2 mindful of quick 3-pt attempt and over/back

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Jump Ball

R (tossing official) always goes into T position

Ball goes left Ball goes right

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Primary Coverage Areas

Both C and T should close down on shots

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Line Coverage

L has entire end line

C has closest sideline

T has closest sideline, division line, and far end line

Call only your line

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Inbounds Coverage

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Coverage on Transition

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Press Coverage

C stays in backcourt

L should have deepest player in front and boxed-in

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Shot & Rebound Coverage

L should not be positioned within lane lines

Both C and T should close down on shots

C is primarily responsible for weak side rebounding

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Shot & Rebound Coverage

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Three-Point Shot Coverage

If both C and T indicate the 3-pt attempt, T referees defense on shooter and stays with shot; C releases and covers rebounding

C/T should mirror the other official’s “good” signal

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Rotations

Rotations should be thoroughly discussed at the pregame conference

Ball location keys the need for a rotation The T or C can facilitate a rotation, but

ONLY the L initiates a rotation A rotation should only take place when

all three officials are in the frontcourt A rotation begins when L moves laterally

and penetrates the key area

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Rotations

Rotation is not complete until L passes beyond far lane-line extended

L must officiate play in the post – even while moving across the lane

If the L begins to rotate and ball is quickly reversed or a quick shot taken – L does not have to complete rotation

There should rarely be two T’s – there may be two C’s for brief periods of time

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Rotations

If a trap occurs near the division line on C’s side of court, C moves higher to officiate that play and L should initiate a rotation

If L does not rotate – C should go back to a normal C position when play permits

Remember, only the L initiates a rotation! The C only facilitates the rotation in this case.

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Rotation Sequence

L goes to ball-side, T closes down, C completes rotation (last to rotate)

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Transition After Rotation

All officials must recognize rotation has occurred

If L rotated late and a transition occurs – it is old L’s (new T’s) responsibility to look up court making sure partners picked up rotation

If not, the new T should be prepared to adjust his/her location on the floor

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Transition Coverage After Rotation

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Throw-In Cues

L may administer throw-ins on either side of player when staying in frontcourt; T mirrors clock-chop signal

T handles all throw-ins in the backcourt – regardless of location – “bump and run” if necessary

T may bounce any sideline or end line throw-in (depends on defensive pressure)

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End Line Throw-Ins in the Frontcourt

L may administer throw-ins on either side of player when staying in frontcourt; T

mirrors chop-clock signal

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Sideline Throw-Ins in the Backcourt

T handles all throw-ins in the backcourt – regardless of location – “bump and run”

if necessary

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End Line Throw-Ins in the Backcourt

If no pressure, C and L may go to home locations

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Foul Reporting

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Fouls & Basic Switching

Non-calling officials should observe all players

Calling official goes table side after reporting

Official originally table side fills the vacancy left by the calling official

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Fouls & Basic Switching

Third official remains in same position occupied at time of foul

If calling official was table side, no switch occurs

No long switch on fouls called in the backcourt without free throws

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Foul Reporting & Switching

Lead calls tableside foul – goes to reporting area. Becomes new T

T becomes new L

C remains C

Staying in the Frontcourt

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Staying in the FrontcourtLead calls foul opposite table goes to reporting area. Then becomes new C.

C becomes new L

T remains T

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L calls foul opposite, reports and returns to administer throw-in as new T

Old T becomes new L

C remains C

Backcourt to Frontcourt - No Free Throws

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C calls foul, reports and slides down to become new L

Old T becomes new C

L goes to sideline to administer throw-in and becomes new T

Backcourt to Frontcourt - No Free Throws

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Disqualification Procedure

1. New table side (C or T) official: • Notifies coach

• Requests timer to begin 20-second replacement interval

• Notifies disqualified player

2. Officials not administering disqualification position for subsequent throw-in or free throw

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Disqualification Procedure

3. Administering official takes a position on division line half way between center circle and sideline nearest table to administer substitution

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Free Throws

Calling official becomes T – observes all action and assists with violations, rebounding action and fouls

L administers all free throws – has responsibility for bottom lane space and three spaces on the opposite line

C has responsibility for shooter, flight of ball, and top two lane spaces on opposite line

C and T close down on last shot attempt

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Free Throws

T is at approximately the 28-foot mark and just inside the tableside boundary line – NOT at the division line

L is approximately 4 feet from near lane line for ALL free throws

C is halfway between the near lane line and the sideline; just above the free-throw line extended

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Free Throws

Calling official becomes T

L administers all throws

C and T close down on last shot attempt

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Time-Outs & Intermissions

Administering official stays with ball at resumption of play location – puts ball on floor if movement is necessary

Positioning of two free officials:• 60-second time-out/intermission –

nearest block

• 30-second time-out – top of three-point arc

Officials should observe bench and table activity

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Time-outs & Intermissions

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Last-Second Shot

C or T – Opposite table official is responsible

L may offer assistance or be responsible on fast break

Responsible official communicates with partners that he/she has the last-second shot

Discussed during pregame

Questions?


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