Contentslegacyfs.co.za/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/... · Basis of Islamic inheritance ! Quran &...
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Contents
! Introduc)on
! BasisofIslamicinheritance
! EstatePlanninginrela)ontoShari’ahLaw
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! Introduc)on! Compliance! SourcesofIslamicLaw
! Primary-Quran! Secondary
! NarratedbytheProphet! Ijma
IslamicInheritance
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BasisofIslamicinheritance! Quran&SunnahoftheProphet(S.A.W)
! “Allah(thus)directsyouasregardsyourChildren's(Inheritance):tothemale,apor,onequaltothatoftwofemales:ifonlydaughters,twoormore,theirshareistwo-thirdsoftheinheritance;ifonlyone,hershareisahalf.Forparents,asixthshareoftheinheritancetoeach,ifthedeceasedleAchildren;ifnochildren,andtheparentsarethe(only)heirs,themotherhasathird;ifthedeceasedLeAbrothers(orsisters)themotherhasasixth.(ThedistribuEoninallcases('s)a7erthepaymentoflegaciesanddebts.Yeknownotwhetheryourparentsoryourchildrenarenearesttoyouinbenefit.Thesearese>ledpor,onsordainedbyAllah;andAllahisAll-knowing,Al-wise.” AlNisa,Verse11
! “Inwhatyourwivesleave,yourshareisahalf,iftheyleavenochild;butiftheyleavechild,yegetafourth;a7erpaymentoflegaciesanddebts.Inwhatyeleave,theirshareisafourth,ifyeleavenochild;butifyeleaveachild,theygetaneighth;aAerpaymentoflegaciesanddebt,ifthemanorwomanwhoseinheritanceisinquesEon,hasleAneitherascendanceordescendants(kalalah),buthasleAabrotherorasister,eachoneofthetwogetsasixth.Shouldtherebemorethantwo,theyshareonethirdaAerpaymentsoflegaciesanddebts.ThisissEpulatedsothatnolossiscaused(toanyone).ThusisitordainedbyAllah,andAllahisAll-KnowingandMostForbearing.” AlNisaverse12
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BasisofIslamicinheritance(cont.)! “Theyasktheeforalegaldecision.Say:
Allahdirects(thus)aboutthosewholeavenodescendantsorascendantsasheirs.Ifitisamanthatdies,leavingasisterbutnochild,sheshallhavehalftheinheritance:if(suchadeceasedwas)awoman,wholeAnochild,herbrothertakesherinheritance:iftherearetwosisters,theyshallhavetwo-thirdsoftheinheritance(betweenthem):iftherearebrothersandsisters,(theyshare),themalehavingtwicetheshareofthefemale.ThusdothAllahmakecleartoyou(Hislaw),lestyeerr.AndAllahhathknowledgeofallthings.”
AlNisaverse176
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BasisofIslamicinheritance(cont.)
! TheQuranicversesspellout:! Whoshouldinherit
! Howmuchtheyshouldinherit
! Howonemayinherit
! Howoneheirblocks/excludesanotherheirfrominheri)ng
! Thatmaleswillreceivedoubletheshareoffemales
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OrderofrightstoestateIslamicJuristsconcurrightsaregradedinthefollowingorder:
! FuneralExpenses! Debts
! ReligiousObliga)ons! Others
! Wasiyyah(Legacy)! Balancetoheirs(Inheritance)
! Prescribed/fixedshares! Residualshares
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Wasiyyah&Inheritance
Wealth
FuneralExpenses&
Debts
Estate
Wasiyyah • IntermsofInstruc)ons
Inheritance• IntermsofQuraan
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Wasiyyah-Legacy
! Itisabequestoraninstruc)oninaWill
! ConceptconfirmedinIslamicLaw! OurprophetMuhammad(PBUH)hadsaid:
! “TrulyAllahhadgivenyouasadaqah(charity)ofonethirdofyouren)rewealththatservesasanincrementtoyourdeeds.Placeitwhereveryouwanttoor(giveit)towhomsoeveryoulike”reportedbyBukhᾱriy
! Canconsistofmoney,assets,benefits,usufructoverassets.! Canincludeinstruc)onsi.r.o.burialarrangements,conductof
lifebyheirs,etc.
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Wasiyyah–Legacy(cont.)
! Cannotexceed1/3ofpersonsestateacerexpenses(funeral,debtetc.)
! Thosewhobenefitasheirsi.t.osurahAl-Nisacannotagainbenefitoutofthis1/3alloca)on
! IfanyQuranicheirsareblocked/excludedthentheycanbenefitfromthe1/3alloca)on.
! Non-muslimsandchari)escanbenefit
! Thebequest/instruc)onsisimplementedacerdeath! Canbechangedany)mebeforedeath
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Inheritance
Estate
Inheritance
ResidualSharesPrescribed/Fixed
Shares
Wasiyyah
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Inheritance
Inheritance
Prescribed/FixedShares ResidualShares
Wasiyya/Legacy
Estate
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Inheritance(cont.)
! Basedonrela)vesaliveondateofdeath! Knowfamilyrela)onshipswell;asdifferentrela)onshipshave
differenteffects
! Deprivedrela)ves! Adoptedchild! Ex-wife! Illegi)matechild! Non-Muslim
! Understandblocking/excludingprinciple! Alloca)onintermsof:
! Prescribed/fixedshares! Residualshares
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Prescribed/Fixedshares(inrelaContothedeceased)! Husband–1/4,1/2*! Wives–1/4,1/8*
! Daughters–1/2,2/3*! Father–1/6*! Mother–1/6,1/3*
! Granddaughters–1/2,2/3! Grandfather–1/6! Grandmothers–1/6
! Sisters–1/2,2/3
*Cannotbescreened(blocked)
Seeannexurefordetails
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Prescribed/Fixedsharesexplained(inrelaContothedeceased)Husband! Possibleshares
! 1/2–NoChildren! 1/4–HasChildren
! ConfirmedShare! Cannotbeblocked/excluded
Wives! Possibleshares
! 1/4–NoChildren! 1/8–HasChildren
! ConfirmedShare! Cannotbeblocked/excluded
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Prescribed/Fixedsharesexplained(cont.)(inrelaContothedeceased)Father! Possibleminimumshare
! 1/6–NoChildren
! ConfirmedShare! Cannotbeblocked/excluded
! Blocks/excludes! Grandparents! Siblings! Nephews&theirsons
Mother! Possibleminimumshares
! 1/3–NoChildren! 1/6–HasChildrenormul)ple
siblings
! ConfirmedShare! Cannotbeblocked/excluded
! Blocks/excludes! Bothgrandmothers
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Prescribed/Fixedsharesexplained(cont.)(inrelaContothedeceased)
Grandfather! Possibleshares
! 1/6
! Condi)ons! Absenceofafather
! Blocks/excludes! Nephews&theirsons
Grandmother! Possibleshares
! 1/6
! Condi)ons! Absenceofamother! Absenceofafather
! Excep)onformaternalgrandmother
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Prescribed/Fixedsharesexplained(cont.)(inrelaContothedeceased)
Granddaughters(onlyfromson)
! Possibleshares! 1/2–1granddaughter! 2/3–mul)plegranddaughters
! 1/6–1daughter
! Condi)ons! Absenceofmul)pledaughters
! Absenceofson
Daughters! Possibleshares
! 1/2–1daughter! 2/3–Mul)pledaughters
! Condi)ons! Absenceofason
! Confirmedshare! Cannotbeblocked/excluded
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Prescribed/Fixedsharesexplained(cont.)(inrelaContothedeceased)Sisters! Possibleshare
! 1/2–1sister! 2/3–mul)plesisters
! Condi)ons! Absenceofadaughter/
granddaughter
! Absenceofabrother! Absenceoffather/grandfather
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ResidualShares(inrelaContothedeceased)! OncetheQuranicprescribed/fixedshareshavebeendeterminedinterms
oftheirpropor)ons,theresidualshares(balance/taseeb)isallocated
! 2:1raCoformaleandfemale
! Priority/Ranking(taseeb)! Sons&daughters! Grandsons&Granddaughters! Father! Brothers&Sisters! Nephews&theirsons! Uncles&theirsons
! Itispossibletogetasharethroughprescribed/fixedsharesandthroughresidualshares
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TheCommonClauseI appoint as the heirs of the whole of myEstatemyheirs in accordancewith IslamicLaw,providedthattheeffectofthisclause,and the por)on of my Estate each of myheirsareeachtoreceiveshallbecerCfiedbyan expert in that Law, or qualified Islamictheologian, or a non-profit organisa)onwhich, in the ordinary course of theiropera)ons provide such cer)ficates,appointed by my Executors in their en)rediscre)on and such cer)fica)on shall beproof of the dictates of Islamic Law in thisregard
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InheritanceCalculators:
hlp://inheritance.ilmsummit.org
hlp://www.islamicsocware.org/irth/irth.html
! Seetable! Complete
! Clickcalculate
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IllustraConwithExamplesHeirs/BeneficiariesinrelaContodeceased(male)
Wife,1son,2daughters&parents
Wife,1son&2daughters
Wife,2daughters(sonpredeceasedleavingason)
Wife,1son,1daughter(daughter
predeceased,leaving1son)
Wife 1/8(12.5%) 1/8(12.5%) 1/8(12.5%) 1/8(12.5%)
Mother 1/6(16.67%) Deceased Deceased Deceased
Father 1/6(16.67%) Deceased Deceased Deceased
Son 13/48(27.08%) 7/16(43.75%) Deceased 7/12(58.33%)
Daughter1 13/96(13.54%) 7/32(21.88%) 2/6(33.34%) Deceased
Daughter2 13/96(13.54%) 7/32(21.88%) 2/6(33.43%) 7/24(29.17%)
SonofSon N/B N/B 5/24(20.83%) 0%
SonofDaughter1 N/B N/B N/B 0%
(N/B–notbornyet)
Colourcoded:
Fixed Residual Notapplicable
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SpecialCases
! Simultaneousdeaths
! Missingperson
! Adoptedchildren! StepChildren! Mul)plewives
! Aul/Raddadjustments
! Reverts(embracingIslam)
! Foetus! Divorce! AbsenceofStandardheirs
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ApporConmentofAssets–achallengeHeirs/BeneficiariesinrelaContodeceased(male)
Wife Son Daughter Daughter
House R1,000,000
Car R100,000
Investments R100,000
InsurancePolicies ???
Share (100%) 1/8(12.5%) 7/16(43.75%) 7/32(21.88%)
7/32(21.88%)
InheritanceValue R1,200,000 R150,000 R525,000 R262,500 R262,500
TotalAllocated
Difference
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