Basics of Operational Amplifier
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Transcript of Basics of Operational Amplifier
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Operational Amplifier
Tapan Kumar Jain
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Analog Electronics - Syllabus
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Why is it called Op Amp?
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Operational Amplifier
An Op-Amp is a direct coupled high gain amplifier usually consisting of one or more differential amplifiers and usually followed by level transmitter and an output stage.
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Internal Model of Real Op Amp
Zin Input Impedance (very large ~ 2 MΩ) Zout Output Impedance (very small ~ 75 Ω) Aol Open-loop gain
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Characteristics of an ideal Op Amp
Input Resistance Zi = ∞ Output Resistance Zo= 0 Voltage Gain A = ∞ Bandwidth = ∞ Perfect balance i.e. Vo = 0 when V1 =
V2 Characteristics do not drift with temp CMRR and Slew Rate = ∞
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Op amp with Feedback Amplifiers
Voltage-series feedback Voltage-shunt feedback Current-series feedback Current-shunt feedback
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Voltage series feedback amplifier
•Negative feedback•Closed loop voltage gain•Input resistance with feedback•Output resistance with feedback•Bandwidth with feedback
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Applications of Op Amp
Summing, scaling and averaging Instrumentation Integrator and Differentiator Log and Antilog Multiplier and Division
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Active filters Filter classification
Analog or Digital Passive or Active Audio or Radio
Advantage of Active filters Gain and frequency adjustments No loading problem Cost
Most Commonly used Filters
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Oscillators
Introduction Type of Oscillators
Phase shift oscillators Wien bridge oscillators Quadrature oscillators
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Wave generator
Square wave generator Triangular wave generator Saw tooth wave generator
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References
Op-Amps and Linear Integrated circuits by Ramakant A. Gayakward
Operational amplifier Design and Applications by Tobey-Graeme-Huelsman
Integrated Electronics - Jacob Millman and Christos Hallkias
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Thank You