Basics Intention - Uni Siegen

FOR LARGE PROJECTS INFOR LARGE PROJECTS IN

ProfProf. Dr.-. Dr.-IngIng. O.K.. O.K. Postolskaya Postolskaya, Moskau, MoskauDiplDipl.-.-IngIng. A.V. Man‘. A.V. Man‘kokoProfProf. Dr.-. Dr.-IngIng. Monika . Monika JaroschJarosch, Siegen, Siegen

25. September 20011. Siegener Symposium„Messtechnik im Erd- und Grundbau“ ? how

? Whatjust try it ... ! 25. September 2001Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jarosch 2

Basics Basics ......

MoscowMoscow & Siegen & Siegen• Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Center of Underground and Special Engineering

• University of Siegen Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Geodetic Surveying

25. September 2001Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jarosch 3


Database Database data ...• sparse• unevenly distributed• uncertain


Intention

• presentation of a general idea:strategy of information handling

• implementation in the general solution procedure

• create a first step (?) of acceptance ...



Solution and Solution and ProblemProblem• geology• hydrology• geodesy by DTM

+ decisions ...


To To Visualize HistoryVisualize History......

ProfProf. Dr.-. Dr.-IngIng. Monika . Monika JaroschJaroschUniversität SiegenUniversität Siegen

30. April 2001University of Pisa

30. April 2001Prof. Dr.-Ing. Müller-Jarosch 2

Historical Historical Information SystemInformation SystemKnowKnow--howhow and Applicationand Application

•• Basics Basics ... an ... an idea idea in in mindmind!!

•• The The Instrument ... IS ... GIS - SIS - HISInstrument ... IS ... GIS - SIS - HIS

•• How How to to UseUse??

•• Motivation to Motivation to do itdo it!!



InterdisciplinarityInterdisciplinarity

Solution and Solution and ProblemProblem


Environmental informaticsGeoinformatics

civil engineers

Potential Potential user ofuser of spatialspatial informationinformation„„external integrationexternal integration““

ISIS

geologistsgeologistsgeophysistsgeophysists

GISRIS

GebISWAWIS

...FM

businessbusiness-- processesprocesses

archeologistsarcheologistshistorianshistorians


Environmental informaticsGeoinformatics

civil engineers

Potential Potential user ofuser of spatialspatial informationinformation„„external integrationexternal integration““

ISIS

geologistsgeologistsgeophysistsgeophysists

GISRIS

GebISWAWIS

...FM

businessbusiness-- processesprocesses

archeologistsarcheologistshistorianshistorians



• geological information• hydrogeological information

ThemeTheme

GeotechnicsGeotechnicssurface and underground structures ...


GeotechnicsGeotechnics

Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineers evaluate and stabilize foundationsfor buildings, roads, and other structures. Earthquakes and geothermalactivity are of special interest to geotechnical engineers.

Load - weight distribution throughout a structure; loads caused by wind,earthquakes, and gravity, for example, affect how weight is distributedthroughout a structure

Stability - characteristic of a structure that is able to carry a realisticload without collapsing or deforming significantly; Stable = ability toresist collapse and deformation!


• 9th ISRM Congress on Rock Mechanics, Paris, 1999• 37th U.S. Rock Mech. Symposium, Vail, Colorado, 1999• Int. Workshop on Rock Mechanics of

Nuclear Waste Repositories, Vail, Colorado, 1999• FLAC and Num.Modeling in Geomechanics, Minneapolis, 1999• Geo-Denver 2000• Int. Conference on Advances of Computer Methods

in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Moscow, 2000

• MassMin 2000, Brisbane, 2000• 4th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Seattle, 2000

Actual meetings ...

• Tunn. & Underground Space Tech.• Int.J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci.

Actual journals ...

... without any demand on completeness ...


MSUCE

Topics for the conferenceare:• Methods, models and algorithms• Code verification• Environmental information systems• Data acquisition and filters• Graphic presentation and decision support• Risk assessment• Groundwater modeling• Underground engineering• Waste disposal and longtime prognosis• Computers & engineering education


Why all that?

Earth‘s surface

Building „on“

Building „in“ rock/soil massstructure

Groundwater flow

Water „from above“


Why all that?

Earth‘s surface

Building „on“

Building „in“

interaction

interaction

Groundwater flow

Factor 1

Factor n

Factor...

Factor 2Large-scale engineering projects:system of natural and engineered objects!

• Congested urban environment

• Underground facilities for radioactive waste disposal

• tunneling

Existing balance Preservation!

rock/soil massstructure


Facts in nature: real situation of rock/soil mass!

Unknown reality ...Several models +conceptual representations ...

? Description ?


25. September 2001Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jarosch 17 25. September 2001Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jarosch 18



Several models +conceptual representations ...

Filling missing details- determinitic ... i.e. statistically- probabilistic ... stochastically- by fuzzy logic techniques

Scale!

Unknown reality ...




Engineering-geological model= Systematic description• structure• state• properties of materials

Analysis and generalization of in situ data• genesis + geological age• known mechanisms• analogous formations in similar projects• statistics and probability for unknown details

= fundamental knowledge• rock mass

Unknown reality ...


Nature modelled by:real situation of rock/soil mass


Engineering-geological model

? Interpretation of this first information ?

Unknown reality ...





numerical models

Unknown reality ...





= 2d/ 3d representations• principal geological features• physical properties• mechanical properties

Derivation depends on ...• Goal and techniques• special problem geomechanical model s (!)

Continued modelling ...• Different aspects ofobjects behavior

Unknown reality ...





geomechanical model s (!)

numerical models

Special methodphysical models

Filling missing details- deterministically

Unknown reality ...



a-priori information from ...• Regional geological maps• air/ satellite photographs• previous investigation(mining, unrelated projects) unknown inner

known outer

• more detailed• more reliable

? rock/mass structure? rock properties

? Working procedure ?

Unknown reality ...

3d-modelling of•radionuclide transport in groundwater

• saline groundwater movementin an erosional channel crossing a salt dome

Modelling, simulation

and visualizationof general systems

in space


BasicsBasics ... ...

3D 3D �� 4D 4D which problem is which problem is not not space or timespace or time

dependentdependent??


data

sampling

topography

geological maps

air/ sat photographs

mining prospecting

exploration of unrelated projects

dataanalysingISGrafics+Database

datarepresentation

2d3d4d

prognosis ...

geological features ...physical properties ...mechanical properties ...... of rock/soil mass!

layers of information!

Support for our decisions! store + systemize in place and time


GIS

data

storinganalyzing

Layers of information

• real• in situ• assumed• prognosticated

a-priori information from ...• Regional geological maps• air/ satellite photographs• previous investigation(mining, unrelated projects)

exploration during construction!

unknown inner

known outer

• more detailed• more reliable

• view• topography• water flows• swamps...

? rock/mass structure? rock properties

Unknown reality ...



Data and Information

•• HW+SWHW+SW

•• Geographic dataGeographic data: : vectorvector- und - und rasterorientedrasteroriented

•• MapMap + + databasedatabase

•• GIS-GIS-functionalitiesfunctionalities!!

•• CombinationCombination ofof informationinformation! ! on any topic on any topic ......




2D 2D �� 3D 3D


•• KoordinatensystemeKoordinatensysteme

•• KartenprojektionenKartenprojektionen

•• GeoreferenzierungGeoreferenzierung

Analysis!


ExampleExample: GIS in : GIS in hydrology hydrology ......

2001

= „Alter Hut“!

1998

10. AGIT...13.

1989

1. AGIT

1993

DeutscheAnwenderkonferenz

Arc/Info

„Entwicklungvon GIS-Werkzeugen

fürden Einsatz in

Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft “

1994

Internet

•• urbanurban planning options on planning options onthe rainfallthe rainfall--runoffrunoffrelationshiprelationship in in urbanized urbanizedwatershedswatersheds, , Niederschlags-Niederschlags-AbflußAbfluß-Modell-Modell

•• flood risk managementflood risk management,,Abschätzung vonAbschätzung vonHochwasserHochwasserschadenspotentiaschadenspotentialenlen, , Modelling floods andModelling floods anddamage assessmentdamage assessment

•• AblußbildungAblußbildung und der und derBodenwasserdynamikBodenwasserdynamik

•• RegionalisierungRegionalisierung von vonWasserhaushaltsmodellenWasserhaushaltsmodellen

•• ökologischen Bewertung vonökologischen Bewertung vonFließgewässernFließgewässern

•• FließgewässerFließgewässerplanungplanung


Ansprüche der Ansprüche der HydrologieHydrologie•• Verteilung von WasserVerteilung von Wasser•• räumlich und zeitlichräumlich und zeitlich ! !•• auf-über-unter derauf-über-unter der

ErdoberflächeErdoberfläche

•• Mathematische ModelleMathematische Modelle für fürBeschreibung der ProzesseBeschreibung der Prozessedes Wasserhaushaltesdes Wasserhaushaltesvon Einzugsgebieten.von Einzugsgebieten.

FlächendetaillierteFlächendetaillierteBerücksichtigungBerücksichtigung

hydrologisch hydrologisch relevanterrelevanterGebietseigenschaftenGebietseigenschaften

Ruhr-UniBochum


Hydrologische ModellierungHydrologische Modellierung= quantitative und = quantitative und deterministische deterministische BeschreibungBeschreibungder der TeilprozesseTeilprozesse des Wasserhaushaltes des Wasserhaushaltes

VerdunstungAbfluß

Wasserspeicherungim Boden

GefälleBodenart

Landnutzung

... bestimmt durch Gebietseigenschaften ...

Energetische Verhältnisse an Landoberfläche

Hydrologie: mathematische Modelle

Prozesse desWasserhaushaltes

von Einzugsgebieten

bevavior = f { topography+attributes }

BeschreibungEntwicklung


GIS-GIS-functionalitiesfunctionalities::Analysis of spatial dataAnalysis of spatial data

•• analysisanalysis ofof attributesattributesdatabasesdatabases

•• analysis accordinganalysis according to to topologic criteria topologic criteria...... distances distances - - neighbourhoodneighbourhood - - bufferbuffer

as a model of reality!


Just to Just to explain explain ......

GIS =GIS =

•• methodsmethods//techniquestechniques

•• conceptsconcepts

areas of application

GIS =GIS =

integratedintegrated

component ofcomponent of

„„mainstream mainstream IT“IT“

„spatial aspect“ in

information technology.


GIS - IntegrationGIS - Integration„„themeninternthemenintern““

GIS

Oberflächenhydrologie:Niederschlag-Abfluß-Prozess

Abflußmodellierung

Hochwasser-Risiko-Management

Hydrologische ModelleGIS-gestützt!

Bodenwasserhaushalt:Bodenwasserdynamik-Geländestruktur-Beziehung

Tendenz: Models and Embedded GIS

Grundwasserwirtschaft:Grundwassermodellierung� Grundwasserneubildung

Einflussfaktoren:Klima

Landnutzung(variabel in Raum und Zeit)


Soil parameter?

Behavior and changes in space?


Soil parameter?• Discrete volume of sample material � determination!

Behavior and changes in space?• 3D-GIS


Soil parameter?• Discrete volume of sample material � determination!

Behavior and changes in space?• 3D-GIS• geostatistics

! Use of 3D-information systems in combination withgeostatistics !

Present research! � expertise+confidence ...i.e. for land recycling purposes

Update!


Efficiency depends on ...

numerical modelscomputer-aided support of engineering decisions

• mechanical factor• numerical factor• human factor

• legal factor

• which SW? ... well choosen?• which sort of data - in which quality? ... suitable?• input parameters for selected model? ... suitable?• engineering task force ... experienced?• proceeding according computer model?

Yes???Compromises ...

Computer work Practical experience

designer/ contractor

Better known reality ...


Visualisation

GISDSS

Decision Support Systems

„a system,which helps

me to decide!“

Use ofUse of GIS to ... GIS to ...

•• administrationadministration•• presentation presentation•• processing processing

ofof spatialspatial datadata..


DSS !DSS !

Relation betweenlocation and decision ...


DSS - DSS - Working DefinitionsWorking Definitions

•• „„interactive computer programs that utilizes analytical methodsinteractive computer programs that utilizes analytical methods((Decision analysisDecision analysis, , optimization algorithmsoptimization algorithms, , program scheduling routinesprogram scheduling routines))for developing models for developing models to to help decision makers formulate help decision makers formulate alternatives ...“alternatives ...“AdelmanAdelman, 1992., 1992.

•• „„Any and Any and all all datadata, , informationinformation, , expertise or activities that contribute expertise or activities that contribute to to optionoptionselectionselection““AndrioleAndriole, 1989., 1989.

User Interface

If simulation and optimization models are the heart of DSSs,then database management systems are perhaps the brain!

20011993Ca1975

Ca1985

Literatur! • integration of different technologies• solution of big, unstructured problems


–– The EnvironmentalThe EnvironmentalDecisionDecision Support System Support System


Conclusions ...• computer aided engineering

• GIS = core of computer system with task of computer system = support engineering decisions

• numerical modeling during design and while starting project� reference basis for the structure/rock/soil mass monitoring program

• comparison of predicted and real behavior � final decisions• 3D-analyses!• Iterative correction of geomechanical and numerical methods


Result!• new! : implementation of GIS

systematic way of dealing with large amount of spatial data

• from design to construction and operation of large geotechtonical projects

for continuous control of the situation (any stage of construction and operation)


ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention!!

Basics Intention - Uni Siegen

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