Basic Weapons Training

7/31/2019 Basic Weapons Training

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BASIC WEAPONS TRAINING

1. U.S. RIFLE 5.56MM M16A1

CHARACTERISTICS:

a. Functioning:

1) Magazine fed2) Gas operated3) Shoulder weapon4) Air cooled5) Semi or automatic fire

b. Features

1) The rifle is equipped with a flash suppressor which canalso serve as an adapter for grenade launching. (CAUTION: Use of thisweapon for grenade launching is not currently authorized).

2) Barrel is surrounded by two aluminum line fiberglass handguards which also adapter for grenade as the forearm of the rifle. Thehand guards are notched to permit air to circulate around the rifle barrel,and further serve to protect the gas tube.

3) A hard rubber recoil pass is attached at the butt of thestock to partially reduce the effect of the recoil.4) A forward assist assembly is located at the upper right

rear of the upper receiver. This is use to close the bolt when closing is notdone by the force of action of spring alone.

5) A dust cover is provided to prevent dust or dirt fromgetting into the rifle. This opens automatically when the rifle is fired.(NOTE: The dust cover should be closed at all times except during firing ormaintenance).

b. PARTS OF THE RIFLE CAL 5.56MM M16A1.

1) Two main groups:

a) Upper receiver group

Parts of Upper Receiver Group:


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(1) Flash suppressor(2) Barrel(3) Bayonet stud(4) Front sight(5) Upper sling swivel(6) Hand guard(7) Slip ring(8) Carrying handle(9) Charging handle(10) Rear sight(11) Forward assist(12) Bolt assembly(13) Dust cover

b) Lower receiver group

Parts of the Lower Receiver Group:

(1) Rubber recoil pad(2) Trigger guard(3) Pivot pin and take down pin(4) Stock(5) Pistol grip(6) Trigger (7) Magazine release button(8) Hammer (9) Selector Lever(10) Lower sling swivel

c. GENERAL DATAL:

1) Weights:

Rifle without magazine - 6.5 lbsEmpty magazine (aluminum) - .2 lbsFull magazine (20 rds) - .7 lbsFiring weight (fully loaded w/ sling) - 7.6 lbs

2) Lengths:


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Rifle with flash suppressor - 39 inchesBarrel with flash suppressor - 21 inchesBarrel without flash suppressor - 20 inches

NOTE: These data do not include necessary equipment such as thebayonet and the bipod.

3) Operational:

Muzzle velocity - 3,150 ft/secCycle rate of fire - - 700-800 rds/min

Maximum rate of fire:Semi-automatic - 45-65 rds/min

Automatic - 150-200 rds/minSustained rate of fire - 15 rds/min

Maximum range - 2,653 metersMax effective range - 460 meters

d. CYCLE OF OPERATION:

1) Firing occurs when the firing pin strikes the primer of thecartridge.

2) Unlocking unsealing the breach of the barrel.3) Extracting removing the empty cartridge from the

breach of the barrel.4) Ejecting removing the empty cartridge from the weapon.5) Cocking returning the firing mechanism to cock position.6) Feeding placing the cartridge in the receiver.7) Chambering placing the cartridge in the chamber.8) Locking sealing the cartridge in the chamber.

e. Disassembly and Assembly of the Weapon:

NOTE: Disassembly and assembly of the weapon should be kept tothe maximum consistent with proper maintenance and instructionalrequirements.


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1) Steps in disassembly

a) The first step in the disassembly of any weapon isto Clear the weapon.

(1) The butt must rest on a flat surface. The rightthing will do.

(2) Point the selector lever to SAFE position.(NOTE) This can be done only if the weapon is cocked. If the rifle is notcocked, proceed to the next step.

(3) Grasp the magazine with the right hand, theright thumb resting on the magazine catch bottom. Press the bottom andpull the magazine.

(4) Hold the balance of the stock with the lefthand, the left thumb resting on the bolt catch. Open the bolt and lock if inthe position. Return the charging handle to forward position.

(5) Ensure the selector lever at SAFE.

CAUTION: The selector level must be at the SAFE position whenclearing weapon to prevent damage to automatic sear.

b) Field Stripping

(1) Disassembly:

(a) Remove the sling and place the rifle ona table or a flat surface with the muzzle to the left.

(b) Turn the weapon on its right side andpress on the takedown pin until the upper receiver swings free of the lowerreceiver. CAUTION: The takedown pin does not come out free of thereceiver.

(c) Press the receiver pivot pin and

separate the upper from the lower receiver group. (CAUTION): Thereceiver pivot pin does not come out of the receiver.

(d) Work on the upper receiver group:

-Keep the muzzle in the left.-Withdraw the bolt carrier from the receiver.-Disassemble the bolt carrier group.


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NOTE: When the bolt carrier is removed, the charging handle will fallfrom the receiver.

(e) Work on the lower receiver group.

CAUTION: The lower receiver shall be disassembled only whenabsolutely necessary for the proper care and maintenance of the weapon.

-Push the action spring guide.-Push down on the retaining pin by using the

tip of cartridge.-Remove the buffer and buffer spring.-Depress the hammer to clear the buffer.

NOTE: The action spring is under the pressure, care must be taken inremoving it.

CAUTION: The parts of the weapon should be laid down in the order ofits disassembly to avoid losses or misplacement.

(2) Assembly:

(a) Assemble the bolt carrier group:

CAUTION: Do not spread the ends of the firing pin retainer.NOTE: Check for proper assembly by elevating the front of the bolt.

The firing pin must not drop out..

(b) Replace the charging handle in theupper receiver. Push forward in the group into the open end of the sub-assembly is fully sealed.

(c) Place the two (2) receiver together andreset the pivot pin.

(d) Cock the hammer and ensures that the

selector lever is at SAFE position. Withdraw the takedown pin and closethe weapon. Fully seat the takedown pin.

NOTE: After the assembly of the weapon, remove the hand guards.

CAUTION: Removal of the hand guards should be done only whenabsolutely necessary for the proper care and maintenance of the weapon.


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2) Check the assembly of the weapon.

a) Check the proper operation of the weapon while theselector is at SAFE, semi and auto positions.

(1) SAFE position pull trigger, hammer shouldnot fall.

(2) Semi-position pull the trigger to the rear,recock the rifle (hammer) and release the trigger. The hammer shouldtransfer from the hammer holes and is connect to sear engagement.

(3) Auto-position - pull the trigger. Hammershould fall. Hold the trigger to the rear and recock the hammer. Pushforward on the automatic sear, the hammer should fall.

NOTE: Any discrepancy noted from aforementioned functioningmeans the assembly was incorrect. Check proper assembly and note anydefective parts.

f. Maintenance normal care and cleaning will result in theproper functioning of all parts of the weapon, improper maintenance causesstoppage and malfunctioning.

1) Cleaning and lubricating the barrel.

a) Attach a wire brush to the cleaning rod, dip it with acleaning solvent compound (CR) of bore cleaner, and brush the borethoroughly. Brush from the bore to the chamber. Using a straight thoughstroke. (NOTE: Never reverse the direction of the brush while it is in thebore).

b) Continue the process until the bore is coated withthe cleaning compound. Replace the brush with a cleaning patch andcontinue the cleaning process until the patch comes out clean and dry.

c) Clean the locking gauge in the barrel extensionusing a small bristle brush.

d) After cleaning, lubricate the bore and locking lugs inthe barrel extension by applying a light coat of oil on the surface of thebarrel enclosed by the hand guards.


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2) Air cooled3) Gas operated4) Magazine fed5) Shoulder weapon

b. Features:

1) The M14 Rifle

a) The selector and bipod are assembled to theweapon when used for automatic fire but can be adapted for automatic fireby the installation of a selector adapter.

b) The flash suppressor is designed to reduce muzzleclimb and the amount of dust raised by the muzzle blast.

c) The lug on the rear of the flash suppressor is usedfor the attachment of a bayonet, a grenade launcher and a blank firingattachment for the launching grenade.

d) The spindle valve is used to adjust the opening ofthe gas port when the rifle is used for grenade launching. This prevents gasoperation of the rifle during grenade launching, and prevents damage to theweapon.

e) The hinged shoulder rest provides vertical control ofthe butt end of the rifle.

f) It has fixed front sight and adjustable rear sight.

2) The M14A1 Rifle

a) It has all the features present in the M14 rifle.b) It is designed primarily for automatic fire.c) It has the following additional features that

differentiate it from the M14 rifle.

(1) Stabilizer assembly to reduce the effect of

recoil and to provide muzzle stability.(2) Modified bipod with an additional sling swivel

and a larger pivot pin to accommodate the modified sling.(3) A folding front and a fix rear hand guards.(4) A straight-line stock.(5) Rubber recoil pad to reduce effect of recoil.


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NOTE: The folding front hand guard can be adjusted to one of fivepositions.

GENERAL DATA

a. Weights:M14 with full mag & cleaning equipment - 11.5 lbsEmpty magazine - - - - .5 lbsFull magazine - - - 1.5 lbsM2 bipod assembly - - - - 1.75lbsM14 bipod rifle with full magazine - 14.5 lbs

b. Lengths:Overall length with flash suppressor 44.3 inches

c. OperationalTrigger pull - - - 5.5 lbsMuzzle velocity - - 2,880 ft/secCyclic rate of fire - 700-750 rounds/min

Rate of fire (NOTE: These can be maintained without causing anydamage to the weapon)

Semi automatic Automatic2 minutes - - 40 rds/min 50 rds/min5 minutes - - 30 rds/min 40 rds/min10-20 minutes- - 20 rds/min 30 rds up to 15 min20 minutes - 20 rds/min 25 rds/min30 minutes - 15 rds/min 20 rds./min

Range in meters

Maximum - - - - -3,725Maximum effective (semi w/ bipod) -700Max effective (semi w/o bipod) - 460Max effective (auto w/ bipod - 460

CYCLE OR OPERATION:


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a. Firing occurs when the firing pin strikes the primer of thecartridge.

b. Unlocking unsealing the breach of the barrel.c. Extracting removing the empty cartridge from the breach.d. Ejecting removing the empty cartridge from the weapon.e. Cocking returning the firing mechanism to cock position.f. Feeding placing the cartridge in the receiver.g. Chambering placing the cartridge in the chamber.h. Locking sealing the cartridge in the chamber.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

NOTES:a. Disassembly and assembly of the weapon should be kept to a

minimum consistent with proper care and maintenance.b. Parts of one rifle maybe interchanged with another except the

bolt.CAUTION: The bolt shall not be interchanged with other rifles to

preclude accidents.

a. Steps in the disassembly of the rifle1) Clear the weapon.2) Pull back on the operating rod handle and allow the bolt

to go forward. This operation will ensure that all operating parts areforward. (NOTE: The weapon should be disassembled with all theoperating parts forward).

3) Separate the three groups of the weapon:

a) The firing mechanismb) The barrel and receiver groupc) The stock

Grasp the rear of the trigger guard with the thumb and the

forefinger of the right hand. Full downward and outward until themechanism is released. Lift the firing mechanism.

With the left hand grasp the receiver over the rear sight,raise the barrel a few inches, with the right hand, strike down on the smallof the stock and grasp it. This separates the three main groups of the rifle.

4) Disassembly of the barrel and receiver group:


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a) Remove the connector assembly place the groupson its left side with the operating rod handle and the muzzle away from you.(NOTE): When equipped with a selector, turn the selector until the sidemarked A is toward the windage knob).

b) Close the bolt right thumb on the rear of theconnector assembly, first finger on the sear release bracket and secondfinger inside rear of the receiver, push forward with the thumb until theforward end of the assembly can be lifted off the connector lock. Use theleft thumb and forefinger in lifting the assembly.

c) Turn the connector assembly clockwise until theelongated hole in the connector is aligned with the elongated stud on thesear release.

d) Lower the front end of the connector assembly andlift the rear end off the elongated stud on the sear release.

5) Remove the operating rod spring and the operating rodspring guide.

a) Place the groups on a flat surface, sights down andmuzzle to left.

b) With the left hand, pull toward the muzzle on theoperating rod spring to release the pressure on the connector lock.

c) Pull the connector lock toward you and disconnectthe operating rod spring and guide. Remove operating rod and the bolt.

NOTE: This completes the field stripping of the rifle.b. Steps in the assembly of the Weapon Follow the reverse

steps in the disassembly of the rifle1) Replace the bolt and the operating rod spring guide.2) Replace the connector assembly.3) Assemble the three main groups.

c. Under normal conditions of maintenance, the gas system of therifle shall not be dissembled; however, under extreme climate conditionsand after a series of operation, it may be necessary to disassemble thesystem.

NOTE: The gas cylinder should not be disassembled as long as thegas piston slides freely in the cylinder when the barrel is tilted end-for-endfrom on upright position.

d. Disassembly of gas system and hand guard


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1) Loosen and remove the gas cylinder plug (Use acombination tool or any appropriate substitute).

2) Tilt the muzzle down and remove the gas piston from thegas cylinder. Unscrew the gas cylinder lock and slide the lock and cylinderforward so that the gas port is exposed.

3) Slip the front band forward toward the front sight. Pushthe hand guard toward the front sight and lift it off the barrel.

e. Assembly to assemble, the follow the reverse procedure inthe disassembly of the hand guard and the gas system.

1) Replace the hand guard (NOTE: Do not snap or force thehand guard into its installed position.

2) Replace the front band.3) Slide the gas cylinder forward through the front band.

Tighten the gas cylinder lock by hand. Align the loop with the gas cylinder.Replace the gas piston with the port toward the barrel and the open endtoward the muzzle. Replace the gas cylinder plug and secure it.

NOTE: When the gas piston is fully seated, it will protrude one andone half inches below the gas cylinder.

MAINTENANCE AND PRESERVATION

a. Cleaning materials:

1) Bore cleaner (cleaning compounds solvent (CR) iscommonly used however, it can also be used on all metal parts for atemporary one day protection only).

2) Hot, soapy or plain hot water is not a substitute for thebore cleaner and will be used only when no bore cleaner is available.

3) Dry cleaning solvent.4) A carbon-removing compound is used on stubborn

carbon deposits by soaking the part with the carbon and brushing it.

b. Lubricants:

1) Lubricating oil, general purpose is used for lubricating therifle during normal condition of operation and temperature.


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2) OE # 10 engine oil may be used as substitute when nooils prescribed are available.

3) Rifle grease should be applied to working surfaces.

c. Procedure in cleaning the rifle.

1) The rifle should be cleaned after firing because firingdeposits primer fouling, powder ashes, carbon metal fouling. Theammunition has a non-corrosive primer which makes a cleaning easier.However, it leaves a deposit which when not remove immediately maycollect moisture and promotes rusting. Upon termination of firing, a bore-cleaning compound should be applied for ease of cleaning.

2) Pour a small quantity of bore cleaner in the gas cylinderplug and insert and rotate the bore cleaning brush to clean the plug.

3) Swab the gas cylinder bore with a clean patch. NOTE:Do not oil the interior surface of the gas cylinder. Do not use abrasives.

4) Clean the gas piston with a bore cleaner then wipe dry.

NOTE: Do not oil the gas piston.

5) Clean the bolt with patch and bore cleaner and oil lightly.6) Depress the spindle valve after each firing and rotate in

several times. (NOTE: Do not disassemble the spindle valve).7) All parts must be cleaned, wiped dry and oil when

necessary.

NORMAL MAINTENANCE

The rifle should be inspected daily for any evidence of rust or foulingand to check the general condition of the rifle. A light coat of oil should bemaintained on all metal parts. (NOTE: Do not oil the gas piston, interior ofthe gas cylinder and the gas plug).

Do not use a muzzle plug to cover the muzzle of the rifle. This willcause moisture to collect inside the bore.

3. HAND GRENADE

a. HISTORY OF GRENADE:


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From a historical point of view, the grenade as a weapon isknown to have been made with the discovery of explosives. It is reported tohave been used as early as the 15th century. During that time, the grenadewas shaped like a French pomegranate.

In the middle of the 17th century, selected soldiers, then calledgrenadiers, were using the grenade with fatal effects. But soon it fell intodisuse as improved versions of the rifle were introduced whichconsequently increased the range between frontlines. Sometimes later,particularly in the 20th century, attacking troops found the grenade to be anessential weapon. It was discovered to be effective in clearing enemytrenches and bunkers and later, for stopping the advance of tanks.

A grenade is a small explosive or chemical bomb for military

use against an enemy at the short ranges. Grenades are of two (2) basictypes hand and launched. The hand grenade or thrown away, while thelaunched grenade is fired from a launcher.

Grenades are further classified as explosive, chemical, andpractice. Explosive grenades, which produce fragmentation or blast areprimarily use against enemy tanks or personnel. Chemical grenades areused for anti-personnel, harassing, incendiary, smoke-screening orsignaling purposes. Practice grenades may be inserted or have a smallcharge for making practice throws.

Launched grenades are most likely to be either the anti-personnel explosive type, with fragmentation warhead, or high-explosiveanti-tank one. The latter shaped charge warhead is very effective againstarmor.

Hand Grenades are fitted with a delayed-action fuse. Forexplosive grenades, the delay is about 4 - 5 seconds. The fuse of achemical grenade on the other hand has a delayed action of 2 seconds andusually burns rather than explodes. Launched grenade has instant fusses.

b. PARTS OF GRENADE:

1) Full Ring 7) Primer 2) Safety Pin 8) Body3) Safety Lever 9) Delay Elements4) Striker 10) Detonator or Igniter


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5) Striker Spring 11) Filler 6) T Lug

Main Components of Grenade:

1) Body contains filler maybe of steel, cast iron2) Filler high explosive (HE) riot control agents, smoke3) Fuse classified as either detonating or igniting. Upon

the removal of the safety pin and the release of the safety lever, the strikerrotates, pushing off the safety lever and continues its rotation, until it strikesthe primer. The impact of the strikers set off the primer which, in turn, firesthe delay element. After the delay element burns through its length, it setoff either the detonator or the igniter cap.

c. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS:

1) Inflicts casualties to anyone within the overpressure blastradius.

2) High explosive anti-tank defeats armor by the use of ashaped charge.

3) Capable of controlling riot by employing chemical fillersuch as tear and vomiting agents.

4) Can be use as screen for advancing troops, providesincendiary action.

5) The maximum casualty inflicting capability is based on theskill of the thrower.

6) Visibility affects much on the use of the grenade.

d. GRENADE THROWING:

This skill requires a lot of confidence, Here the steps inthrowing a grenade:

1) Grip the hand grenade. The safest and easiest way togrip a hand grenade for throwing is to hold it so that the safety lever is helddown by the thumb, while keeping the pull ring (and safety clip if present)free and facing the non-throwing hand.

2) Position the body, and arm hand relative to the handgrenade. You should always be in a comfortable and natural position. Thetwo (2) most important points in accurate throwing are body-target


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alignment and eye-target focus. Line up your body with target as throughyou were going to throw a football or baseball. Keep watching the target asyou throw and let your arm swing naturally to it. Follow through with yourthrowing motion and take cover. If possible, you of a buddy should watchwhere the grenade lands. Make sure you properly arm the grenade beforeyou throw it. The safety pin and clip should be removed while behind cover.

Three General Grenade Throwing Positions:

1) Standing is when you want to throw the grenade at aconsiderable distance. The drawback here is that you expose yourself toenemy fire as you lob the grenade.

2) Kneeling when you need to be mobile and to be able toquickly change position.

3) Prone when you want to close in on the enemy.

e. SAFETY CONSIDERATION

1) Do not drop a grenade after the safety pin has beenremoved.

2) Do not use ball ammunition or blank cartridge to propelgrenades.

3) Do not tamper with duds or non-exploding grenades.

4) Do not pull the safety pin until you are ready to throw thegrenades.

5) If a grenade is accidentally dropped after the safety pinhas been removed, immediately pick up, throw it in the intended direction,shout grenade and then seek nearby shelter or drop to the ground withthe helmet toward the grenade.

Basic Weapons Training

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