Rostow’s Stages of Development and Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory.
Basic Terms Rostow’s Modernization Model Dependency Theory World Systems Microcredit Other issues...
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Transcript of Basic Terms Rostow’s Modernization Model Dependency Theory World Systems Microcredit Other issues...
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Basic Terms
Rostow’s Modernization Model
Dependency Theory
World Systems
Microcredit
Other issues
Geography of Development
www.therightplanet.com
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http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_and_the_magic_washing_machine.html
Let’s let Hans Rosling get us started
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• Informal Economy
• MDCs and LDCs
• GNP, GDP and GNI
• PPP and Big Mac Index
• HDI and Better Life Index
• Neocolonialism
• NIDL
• EPZs and SEZs
• Maquiladoras
• NGOs
• MNCs
• Parallel States
Basic Terms
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• Globalization?
• Define and give some examples
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• Informal Economy
• MDCs and LDCs
• GNP, GDP and GNI
• PPP and Big Mac Index
• HDI and Better Life Index
• Neocolonialism
• EPZs and SEZs
• Maquiladoras
• NGOs
• Parallel States
Basic Terms
http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml
http://www.oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/?p=285
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• Informal Economy
• MDCs and LDCs
• Colonialism & Neocolonialism
• EPZs and SEZs
• Maquiladoras
• NGOs
• Parallel States
• GNP, GDP and GNI
• PPP and Big Mac Index
• HDI and Better Life Index
Basic Terms
http://jong-preanger.deviantart.com/art/neocolonialism-183882158
The Motherland by Brouguereau – 1883 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocolonialism
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• New International Division of Labor
• Outcome of globalization where labor moves across international borders
• Industrialized countries outputs have dropped, while LDCs has grown
• Improved transportation and growth of transnational corporations has fed the NIDL
What is the NIDL?
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Rostow’s Modernization ModelSometimes called the Ladder of Development
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/unit-6-vocabulary/deck/5285919
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• Stage One – TRADITIONAL – Subsistence – Static Society – Resist Technological Change
• Stage Two – PRECONDITIONS TO TAKEOFF – Progressive leadership moves country forward – More openness and diversity
• Stage Three – TAKEOFF – Industrial Revolution – Sustained Growth – Urbanization increases – Technology increases
• Stage Four – DRIVE TO MATURITY – Diffusion of Technology – Specialization – International trade expands – modernization – population increases
• Stage Five – HIGH CONSUMPTION – high incomes – widespread production of many goods/services – Most work in service sector
Rostow’s Modernization Model
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• Liberalist Model
• What did the world look like when Rostow wrote this in 1960?
• For hint – see map pages 250-251
• What else does this model remind us of:• 1. Organic Theory• 2. 5 Economic Sectors• 3. Demographic Transition
Rostow’s Modernization Model
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• Eurocentric and Americentric
• Doesn’t account for regional differences within a country
• Doesn’t account for cultural differences within a country
• Doesn’t account for one-commodity economies
• Neo-colonialism
• Major bias that all economies will grow the same way developed countries grew
• Rostow believed all countries would grow in an orderly fashion like Japan and Europe and the US did
• Use exercise to further understand Rostow
Criticisms of Rostow
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• Structuralist Model
• Political and economic relationships between countries and regions control and limit development possibilities
• Example – colonialism created…
• Dependent relationships between mother country and the occupied country
• These relationships sustain prosperity of the core country and poverty of the periphery country
• Gives rise to NEOCOLONIALISM in the 1970s, 80s and on to the present
Dependency Theory – pp. 306-08
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Dependency even in the Core?http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2012/05/the-illusion-of-choice/
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Global Carbon Footprinthttp://i.imgur.com/CVNUeml.jpg
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• Structuralist Model
• Immanuel Wallerstein
• See handout
• Does NOT assume all countries will change the same way
• I call this the “Life sucks and then you die theory”
• The good news is that each sector is not necessarily static – can move from one sector to another
• 3 sectors that we have discussed before – These are relationships between countries – all three types need each other
• CORE
• SEMIPERIPHERY
• PERIPHERY
• But, who always wins?
World Systems Theory – pp. 308-09
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• EPZs and SEZs
• Maquiladoras
• NGOs
• Parallel States
• World Cities
EPZs, SEZs and Maquiladoras
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• Multinational Corporations
• Decisions made here affect stockholders, regions and states
• Also make decisions that make them actors on the global stage
• Examples
MNCs
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Gender Inequality Indexhttp://www.hiidunia.com/2012/03/what-contribution-does-feminist-economics-make-to-the-understanding-of-gender-equality/
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Millennium Development Goalshttp://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/millenium-development-goals/index_en.htm
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• States in which employees do not have to join unions as part of their jobs
• PRO – employee has the right to be in a union or not be in a union. All employees do not have to pay union dues if they do not want to
• CON – employers choose these states because they can pay lower wages and not guarantee work, pay levels or certain benefits to employees
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-to-work_law
Right to Work States
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• NGOs
• Global Actor
NGOs
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• World Cities
• These cities function at the global scale – meaning, reaching beyond state borders and functioning as service centers for the global economy
• Examples are…
• New York City, London and Tokyo
• See map for more information
• Primate Cities
• Disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of the national culture and center of the country’s economy.
• Many former colonies have primate cities
• Examples are Paris, Mexico City, Athens, Cairo, Lima, Seoul
World or Global Cities and Primate Cities– pp. 295-97
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Countries without a primate city according to wikipedia.
Can you say, effects of colonialism?
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Microcredit
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What about development terms like PPP, HDI and such? What does this say?
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• Parallel States
• World Cities
Parallel States